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Diss Factsheets

Toxicological information

Genetic toxicity: in vitro

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Administrative data

Endpoint:
in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
Remarks:
Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
weight of evidence
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
data from handbook or collection of data
Justification for type of information:
Data is from peer reviewed publication

Data source

Reference
Reference Type:
publication
Title:
A Compilation of Two Decades of Mutagenicity Test Results with the Ames Salmonella typhimurium and L5178Y Mouse Lymphoma Cell Mutation Assays
Author:
H. E. Seifried, R. M. Seifried, J. J. Clarke, T. B. Junghans, and R. H. C. San
Year:
2006
Bibliographic source:
Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2006, 19, 627-644

Materials and methods

Test guideline
Qualifier:
equivalent or similar to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
Principles of method if other than guideline:
Salmonella/Mammalian-Microsome Mutagenicity Assay was performed to determine the mutagenic nature of the test chemical
GLP compliance:
not specified
Type of assay:
bacterial gene mutation assay

Test material

Constituent 1
Reference substance name:
[4-[bis[4-(diethylamino)phenyl]methylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]diethylammonium chloride
EC Number:
219-231-5
EC Name:
[4-[bis[4-(diethylamino)phenyl]methylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]diethylammonium chloride
Cas Number:
2390-59-2
IUPAC Name:
N-(4-{bis[4-(diethylamino)phenyl]methylene}cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)-N-ethylethanaminium chloride
Details on test material:
- Name of test material: C.I. Basic Violet 4- IUPAC name: N-(4-{bis[4-(diethylamino)phenyl]methylene}cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)-N-ethylethanaminium chloride- Molecular formula: C31H42N3Cl- Molecular weight: 492.147 g/ mol- Substance type: Organic- Name of test material: C.I. Basic Violet 4- Molecular formula: C31H42N3Cl- Molecular weight: 492.147 g/ mol- Substance type: Organic

Method

Target gene:
Histidine
Species / strain
Species / strain / cell type:
S. typhimurium, other: TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, and TA1538
Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):
Not applicable
Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
not specified
Cytokinesis block (if used):
No data
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Metabolic activation system:
Liver S9 homogenate was prepared from male Sprague-Dawley rats and Syrian golden hamsters that had been injected with Aroclor 1254 at 500 mg/kg body weight
Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
0.3- 100 µg/plate
Vehicle / solvent:
- Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: No data- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: No data
Controls
Untreated negative controls:
not specified
Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
yes
Remarks:
No specified
True negative controls:
not specified
Positive controls:
yes
Positive control substance:
not specified
Remarks:
No data
Details on test system and experimental conditions:
METHOD OF APPLICATION: in agar (plate incorporation)DURATION- Preincubation period: No data- Exposure duration: 48 hrs- Expression time (cells in growth medium): 48 hrs- Selection time (if incubation with a selection agent): No data- Fixation time (start of exposure up to fixation or harvest of cells): No dataSELECTION AGENT (mutation assays): No dataSPINDLE INHIBITOR (cytogenetic assays): No dataSTAIN (for cytogenetic assays): No dataNUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: Five doses of test chemical were tested in triplicate on each tester strain without and with metabolic activation.NUMBER OF CELLS EVALUATED: No dataDETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY- Method: mitotic index; cloning efficiency; relative total growth; other: No dataOTHER EXAMINATIONS:- Determination of polyploidy: No data- Determination of endoreplication: No data- Other: No dataOTHER: No data
Rationale for test conditions:
No data
Evaluation criteria:
For a test article to be considered positive, it had to induce at least a doubling (TA98, TA100, and TA1535) in the mean number of revertants per plate of at least one tester strain. This increase in the mean revertants per plate had to be accompanied by a dose response to increasing concentrations of the test chemical. If the study showed a dose response with a less than 3-fold increase on TA1537 or TA1538, the response had to be confirmed in a repeat experiment.
Statistics:
No data

Results and discussion

Test results
Species / strain:
S. typhimurium, other: TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, and TA1538
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Genotoxicity:
negative
Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
not specified
Vehicle controls validity:
valid
Untreated negative controls validity:
not specified
Positive controls validity:
valid
Additional information on results:
TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS- Effects of pH: No data- Effects of osmolality: No data - Evaporation from medium: No data- Water solubility: No data- Precipitation: No data- Other confounding effects: No dataRANGE-FINDING/SCREENING STUDIES: The doses that were tested in the mutagenicity assay were selected based on the levels of cytotoxicity observed in a preliminary dose range-finding study using strain TA100. Ten dose levels of the chemical, one plate per dose, were tested in both the presence and the absence of induced hamster S9. If no toxicity was observed, a total maximum dose of 10 mg of test chemical per plate was used.COMPARISON WITH HISTORICAL CONTROL DATA: No dataADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON CYTOTOXICITY: No data
Remarks on result:
other: No mutagenic potential

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:
The test chemical did not induce mutation in the Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, and TA1538 with and without of metabolic activation system and hence it is not likely to classify as a gene mutant in vitro.
Executive summary:

Salmonella/Mammalian-Microsome Mutagenicity Assay was performed to determine the mutagenic nature of the test chemical. The study was performed at dose levels of 0.3-100 µg/plate using Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, and TA1538 with and without of metabolic activation system. Concurrent solvent and positive controls were used in the study. The test chemical did not induce mutation in the Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, and TA1538 with and without of metabolic activation system and hence it is not likely to classify as a gene mutant in vitro.