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Diss Factsheets

Environmental fate & pathways

Bioaccumulation: aquatic / sediment

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Endpoint:
bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
Justification for type of information:
Methods and materials are well described in the publication.
Qualifier:
equivalent or similar to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 305 B (Bioaccumulation: Semi-static Fish Test)
GLP compliance:
no
Specific details on test material used for the study:
Anhydrous sodium perchlorate from EM Science, Gibbstown, NJ, USA. Concentration: 10 and 100 mg/L.
Publication also describes experiments with sodium arsenate.
Radiolabelling:
no
Details on sampling:
- sampling times: d10, d30, d60 and d90 of study (during exposure phase)
- medium samples: twice a week when water is changed
- Water samples were stored at 4 °C prior to anlysis and analyzed within 2 weeks
Vehicle:
no
Details on preparation of test solutions, spiked fish food or sediment:
1/3 of each test solutions was twice a week.
Test organisms (species):
Danio rerio (previous name: Brachydanio rerio)
Details on test organisms:
Male zebrafish (Danio rerio) were used and supplied commercially by Ekkwill Waterlife Resources, Gibsonton, FL, USA. Fish were allowed to acclimate to laboratore conditions for two weeks before initiation of the experiment.
Route of exposure:
aqueous
Test type:
semi-static
Water / sediment media type:
natural water: freshwater
Total exposure / uptake duration:
90 d
Total depuration duration:
5 d
Test temperature:
23.4 +- 0.8 °C
pH:
6.7 - 6.8
Dissolved oxygen:
7.1 - 7.2 mg/L
Salinity:
60.0. - 105.2 mg/L
Conductivity:
122.3 - 218.3 mS/cm
Reference substance (positive control):
no
Lipid content:
8.76 µg/kg bw d.w.
Time point:
other: day 10
Lipid content:
8.73 µg/kg bw d.w.
Time point:
other: day 30
Key result
Conc. / dose:
10 mg/L
Type:
BCF
Value:
>= 0.12 - <= 0.14 dimensionless
Key result
Conc. / dose:
100 mg/L
Type:
BCF
Value:
>= 0.09 - <= 0.11 dimensionless
Key result
Elimination:
yes
Parameter:
DT50
Depuration time (DT):
25.7 h
Key result
Rate constant:
other: uptake constant, 1/d
Remarks:
day 10
Value:
0.018
Key result
Rate constant:
other: uptake constant, 1/d
Remarks:
day 30
Value:
0.018
Key result
Rate constant:
other: uptake constant, 1/d
Remarks:
day 60
Value:
0.023
Key result
Rate constant:
other: uptake constant, 1/d
Remarks:
day 90
Value:
0.025
Key result
Rate constant:
overall depuration rate constant (d-1)
Value:
0.64
Details on results:
Perchlorate concentrations were meausred on days 10, 30, 60 and 90 of the experiment. For the test solution with 10 mg/L of sodium perchlorate no results could be reported due to an accidental contamination of the fish samples by perchlorate. All values reported refer to a nominal concentration of 100 mg/L of sodium perchlorate.
Validity criteria fulfilled:
not applicable
Conclusions:
The half-life time of perchlorate found in this study is 25.7 h after an exposure of 100 mg/L of sodium perchlorate.
The highest BCF was found to be 0.14.
Perchlorate can be considered as not bioaccumulative.
Endpoint:
bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
Justification for type of information:
Methods and materials are well described in the publication.
Qualifier:
no guideline followed
Principles of method if other than guideline:
Methods and materials are well described in the publication.
GLP compliance:
no
Radiolabelling:
no
Vehicle:
no
Test organisms (species):
Ictalurus punctatus
Details on test organisms:
The test animals were purchased from public hatcheries and acclimated to laboratory condition for at least 5 days. Dissolved oxygen, conductivity, temperature, pH, sallnity and un-ionized ammonia were measured.
Route of exposure:
aqueous
Test type:
semi-static
Water / sediment media type:
natural water: marine
Total exposure / uptake duration:
5 d
Total depuration duration:
20 d
Test temperature:
17.5 - 20.9 °C
pH:
6.8 - 7.3
Dissolved oxygen:
55.8 - 93.1 %
Salinity:
0.1 ppt
Conductivity:
157.7 - 237.2 µS/cm
Details on test conditions:
This experiment was carried out with a static renewal design. One-third of the water in each tank was replaced every other day during the uptake and elimination phase. Water samples were taken from each aquarium for perchlorate analysis during the exposure period. Percent recovery and detection limits were determined from spiked perchlorate tissues (perchlorate solutions injected into fish prior to extraction) and adding known amounts of perchlorate to aqueous tissue extracts, respectively. A 10 g sample of the food used to feed the fish was also analyzed for perchlorate.
Reference substance (positive control):
no
Key result
Type:
BCF
Value:
0.21 dimensionless
Basis:
other: head
Key result
Type:
BCF
Value:
0.14 dimensionless
Basis:
other: skin
Key result
Type:
BCF
Value:
0.06 dimensionless
Basis:
other: filet
Key result
Type:
BCF
Value:
0.03 dimensionless
Basis:
other: muscle tissues
Type:
BCF
Value:
< 0.02 dimensionless
Basis:
other: kidney, liver, gill, gonad, gastrointestinal tract
Key result
Elimination:
yes
Parameter:
DT50
Remarks:
half-life, head
Depuration time (DT):
0.57 d
Key result
Elimination:
yes
Parameter:
DT50
Remarks:
half-life, fillet
Depuration time (DT):
0.41 d
Key result
Elimination:
yes
Parameter:
DT50
Remarks:
half-life, liver
Depuration time (DT):
0.88 d
Key result
Elimination:
yes
Parameter:
DT50
Remarks:
half-life, gastrointestinal tract
Depuration time (DT):
1.22 d
Key result
Elimination:
yes
Parameter:
DT50
Remarks:
half-life, gills
Depuration time (DT):
0.88 d
Rate constant:
other: uptake rate constant (1/d), head
Value:
0.22
Rate constant:
other: uptake rate constant (1/d), fillet
Value:
0.09
Rate constant:
other: uptake rate constant (1/d), liver
Value:
0.013
Rate constant:
other: elimination rate constant (1/d), head
Value:
1.22
Rate constant:
other: elimination rate constant (1/d), , fillet
Value:
1.67
Rate constant:
other: elimination rate constant (1/d), liver
Value:
0.79
Rate constant:
other: elimination rate constant (1/d), gastrointestinal tract
Value:
1.22
Rate constant:
other: elimination rate constant (1/d), gills
Value:
0.88
Validity criteria fulfilled:
not specified
Conclusions:
The findings in this study suggest that perchlorate does not bioaccumulate, bioconcentrate, or hiomagnify in channel catfish as the BCF were 0.21 or lower.
Endpoint:
bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
Justification for type of information:
Methods and materials are well described in the publication.
Qualifier:
no guideline followed
Principles of method if other than guideline:
Methods and materials are well described in the publication.
GLP compliance:
no
Radiolabelling:
no
Vehicle:
no
Test organisms (species):
other: Gambusie holbrooki
Details on test organisms:
Adult mosquitofish were purchased from a commercial hatchery (Ken's hatchery and Fish Farm, Alapaha, GA).
Route of exposure:
aqueous
Test type:
semi-static
Water / sediment media type:
natural water: freshwater
Total exposure / uptake duration:
30 d
Total depuration duration:
20 d
Hardness:
86.74 - 486.62 µS/cm
Test temperature:
19.47 - 20.60 °C
pH:
6.82 - 7.13
Dissolved oxygen:
88.30 - 98.69%
Details on test conditions:
Fish were exposed to 0.1-1000 mg/l sodium perchlorate for 12 h, 1, 2, S, 10, and 30 days, and perchlorate was determined in whole body extracts.
Nominal and measured concentrations:
concentrations of potassium perchlorate (mg/L): 0.0; 0.1; 1.0; 10; 100; 1000
Reference substance (positive control):
no
Conc. / dose:
1 mg/L
Type:
BCF
Basis:
whole body w.w.
Time of plateau:
2 d
Remarks on result:
not determinable
Remarks:
no perchlorate detected
Key result
Conc. / dose:
1 mg/L
Type:
BCF
Value:
0.27 dimensionless
Basis:
whole body w.w.
Time of plateau:
10 d
Key result
Conc. / dose:
1 mg/L
Type:
BCF
Value:
0.06 dimensionless
Basis:
whole body w.w.
Time of plateau:
30 d
Key result
Conc. / dose:
10 mg/L
Type:
BCF
Value:
0.35 dimensionless
Basis:
whole body w.w.
Time of plateau:
2 d
Key result
Conc. / dose:
10 mg/L
Type:
BCF
Value:
0.11 dimensionless
Basis:
whole body w.w.
Time of plateau:
10 d
Key result
Conc. / dose:
10 mg/L
Type:
BCF
Value:
0.18 dimensionless
Basis:
whole body w.w.
Time of plateau:
30 d
Key result
Conc. / dose:
100 mg/L
Type:
BCF
Value:
0.17 dimensionless
Basis:
whole body w.w.
Time of plateau:
2 d
Key result
Conc. / dose:
100 mg/L
Type:
BCF
Value:
0.12 dimensionless
Basis:
whole body w.w.
Time of plateau:
10 d
Key result
Conc. / dose:
100 mg/L
Type:
BCF
Value:
0.14 dimensionless
Basis:
whole body w.w.
Time of plateau:
30 d
Key result
Conc. / dose:
1 000 mg/L
Type:
BCF
Value:
0.09 dimensionless
Basis:
whole body w.w.
Time of plateau:
2 d
Key result
Conc. / dose:
1 000 mg/L
Type:
BCF
Value:
0.06 dimensionless
Basis:
whole body w.w.
Time of plateau:
10 d
Key result
Conc. / dose:
1 000 mg/L
Type:
BCF
Value:
0.13 dimensionless
Basis:
whole body w.w.
Time of plateau:
30 d
Validity criteria fulfilled:
not specified
Conclusions:
The highest BCF found for eastern mosquitofish (Gambusie holbrooki) was 0.35. The results suggest that perchlorate is not bioaccumulative.

Description of key information

Key value for chemical safety assessment

BCF (aquatic species):
0.35 dimensionless

Additional information