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Administrative data

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Genetic toxicity in vitro

Description of key information

The test item did not increase the number of revertant colony numbers in the bacterial reverse mutation assay according to OECD 471. Thus, the test item is not considered to be mutagenic in bacteria (reference 7.6.1 -1).

Link to relevant study records
Reference
Endpoint:
in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
2017-08-16 to 2017-12-06
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
Version / remarks:
adopted 21 July 1997
Deviations:
no
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
EU Method B.13/14 (Mutagenicity - Reverse Mutation Test Using Bacteria)
Version / remarks:
dated 30 May 2008
Deviations:
no
GLP compliance:
yes
Type of assay:
bacterial reverse mutation assay
Target gene:
HIS operon (S. thyphimurium)
TRP operon (E. coli)
Species / strain / cell type:
S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100
Species / strain / cell type:
E. coli WP2 uvr A
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Metabolic activation system:
Type and composition of metabolic activation system:
- source of S9
Phenobarbital/-naphthoflavone induced rat liver S9 was used as the metabolic activation system.
- concentration or volume of S9 mix and S9 in the final culture medium
An appropriate quantity of S9 supernatant is thawed and mixed with S9 cofactor solution, to result in a final concentration of approx. 10 % v/v in the S9 mix.
- quality controls of S9
Each batch of S9 was routinely tested for its capability to activate the known mutagens benzo[a]pyrene and 2-aminoanthracene in the Ames test.
Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
The test material concentrations used were selected according to the EC and OECD guidelines for this test system and the requirements of the Labor Ministry of Japan:
Experiment I: 3, 10, 33, 100, 333, 1000, 2500, and 5000 µg/plate
Experiment II: 10, 33, 100, 333, 1000, 2500, and 5000 µg/plate
Vehicle / solvent:
DMSO
Untreated negative controls:
yes
Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
yes
True negative controls:
no
Positive controls:
yes
Positive control substance:
sodium azide
Remarks:
TA 1535, TA 100, without S9
Untreated negative controls:
yes
Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
yes
True negative controls:
no
Positive controls:
yes
Positive control substance:
other: 4-nitro-o-phenylene-diamine
Remarks:
TA 1537, TA 98, without S9 mix
Untreated negative controls:
yes
Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
yes
True negative controls:
no
Positive controls:
yes
Positive control substance:
methylmethanesulfonate
Remarks:
WP2 uvrA, without S9 mix
Untreated negative controls:
yes
Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
yes
True negative controls:
no
Positive controls:
yes
Positive control substance:
other: 2-aminoanthracene
Remarks:
TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100, WP2 uvrA, with S9
Details on test system and experimental conditions:
NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS:
- Number of cultures per concentration: triplicate
- Number of independent experiments: 2

METHOD OF TREATMENT/ EXPOSURE:
- Test substance added in agar (plate incorporation) and preincubation

TREATMENT AND HARVEST SCHEDULE:
- Preincubation period: 1 hour at 37 °C
- Exposure duration/duration of treatment: 48 hours at 37 °C

METHODS FOR MEASUREMENT OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: reduction in the number of spontaneous revertants or a clearing of the bacterial background lawn
Evaluation criteria:
A test item is considered as a mutagen if a biologically relevant increase in the number of revertants exceeding the threshold of twice (strains TA 98, TA 100, and WP2 uvrA) or thrice (strains TA 1535 and TA 1537) the colony count of the corresponding solvent control is observed. A dose dependent increase is considered biologically relevant if the threshold is exceeded at more than one concentration. An increase exceeding the threshold at only one concentration is judged as biologically relevant if reproduced in an independent second experiment. A dose dependent increase in the number of revertant colonies below the threshold is regarded as an indication of a mutagenic potential if reproduced in an independent second experiment. However, whenever the colony counts remain within the historical range of negative and solvent controls such an increase is not considered biologically relevant.
Key result
Species / strain:
S. typhimurium TA 1535
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Genotoxicity:
negative
Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
no cytotoxicity, but tested up to precipitating concentrations
Vehicle controls validity:
valid
Untreated negative controls validity:
valid
True negative controls validity:
not examined
Positive controls validity:
valid
Key result
Species / strain:
S. typhimurium TA 1537
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Genotoxicity:
negative
Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
no cytotoxicity, but tested up to precipitating concentrations
Vehicle controls validity:
valid
Untreated negative controls validity:
valid
True negative controls validity:
not examined
Positive controls validity:
valid
Key result
Species / strain:
S. typhimurium TA 98
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Genotoxicity:
negative
Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
no cytotoxicity, but tested up to precipitating concentrations
Remarks:
at 5000 µg/plate
Vehicle controls validity:
valid
Untreated negative controls validity:
valid
True negative controls validity:
not examined
Positive controls validity:
valid
Key result
Species / strain:
S. typhimurium TA 100
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Genotoxicity:
negative
Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
no cytotoxicity, but tested up to precipitating concentrations
Vehicle controls validity:
valid
Untreated negative controls validity:
valid
True negative controls validity:
not examined
Positive controls validity:
valid
Key result
Species / strain:
E. coli WP2 uvr A pKM 101
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Genotoxicity:
negative
Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
no cytotoxicity, but tested up to precipitating concentrations
Vehicle controls validity:
valid
Untreated negative controls validity:
valid
True negative controls validity:
not examined
Positive controls validity:
valid
Additional information on results:
TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
- Precipitation and time of the determination: The test item precipitated in the overlay agar in the test tubes from 333 to 5000 μg/plate. Precipitation of the test item in the overlay agar on the incubated agar plates was observed from 333 to 5000 μg/plate. The undissolved particles had no influence on the data recording.

RANGE-FINDING/SCREENING STUDIES:
In the pre-experiment the concentration range of the test item was 3 – 5000 μg/plate. The pre-experiment is reported as experiment I. Since no relevant toxic effects, but precipitation of the test item were observed, seven concentrations were tested in experiment II. 5000 μg/plate were chosen as maximal concentration.

STUDY RESULTS
No substantial increase in revertant colony numbers of any of the five tester strains was observed following treatment at any concentration level, neither in the presence nor absence of metabolic activation (S9 mix). There was also no tendency of higher mutation rates with increasing concentrations in the range below the generally acknowledged border of biological relevance. Appropriate reference mutagens were used as positive controls. They showed a distinct increase in induced revertant colonies.

Ames test:
- Signs of toxicity
Minor toxic effects, evident as a reduction in the number of revertants (below the indication factor of 0.5), were observed in strain TA 98 at 5000 μg/plate with S9 mix in experiment I and at 5000 μg/plate with and without S9 mix in experiment II. No other toxic effects occurred in the remaining strains neither with nor without metabolic activation.
- Individual plate counts : see attached results
- Mean number of revertant colonies per plate and standard deviation : see attached results

HISTORICAL CONTROL DATA
- see attached results
Conclusions:
With and without addition of S9 mix as the external metabolizing system, the test material was not mutagenic under the experimental conditions described.
Executive summary:

A study according OECD TG 471 was conducted to investigate the potential of the test item to induce gene mutations according to the plate incorporation test (experiment I) and the pre-incubation test (experiment II) using the Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100, and the Escherichia coli strain WP2 uvrA. The assay was performed in two independent experiments both with and without liver microsomal activation. Each concentration, including the controls, was tested in triplicate. The test item was tested at the following concentrations:

Pre-Experiment/Experiment I: 3; 10; 33; 100; 333; 1000; 2500; and 5000 μg/plate

Experiment II: 10; 33; 100; 333; 1000; 2500; and 5000 μg/plate

The test item was dissolved in DMSO. The test item precipitated in the overlay agar in the test tubes from 333 to 5000 μg/plate. Precipitation of the test item in the overlay agar on the incubated agar plates was observed from 333 to 5000 μg/plate. The undissolved particles had no influence on the data recording. The plates incubated with the test item showed normal background growth up to 5000 μg/plate with and without S9 mix in all strains used.

Minor toxic effects, evident as a reduction in the number of revertants (below the indication factor of 0.5), were observed in strain TA 98 at 5000 μg/plate with S9 mix in experiment I and at 5000 μg/plate with and without S9 mix in experiment II. No other toxic effects occurred in the remaining strains neither with nor without metabolic activation. No substantial increase in revertant colony numbers of any of the five tester strains was observed following treatment with the test item at any dose level, neither in the presence nor absence of metabolic activation (S9 mix). There was also no tendency of higher mutation rates with increasing concentrations in the range below the generally acknowledged border of biological relevance.

Appropriate reference mutagens were used as positive controls and showed a distinct increase of induced revertant colonies. In conclusion, it can be stated that during the described mutagenicity test and under the experimental conditions reported, the test item did not induce gene mutations by base pair changes or frameshifts in the genome of the strains used. Therefore, the test item is considered to be non-mutagenic in this Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli reverse mutation assay.

Endpoint conclusion
Endpoint conclusion:
no adverse effect observed (negative)

Genetic toxicity in vivo

Endpoint conclusion
Endpoint conclusion:
no study available

Additional information

Ames test

A study according OECD TG 471 was conducted to investigate the potential of the test item to induce gene mutations according to the plate incorporation test (experiment I) and the pre-incubation test (experiment II) using the Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100, and the Escherichia coli strain WP2 uvrA. The assay was performed in two independent experiments both with and without liver microsomal activation. Each concentration, including the controls, was tested in triplicate. The test item was tested at the following concentrations:

Pre-Experiment/Experiment I: 3; 10; 33; 100; 333; 1000; 2500; and 5000 μg/plate

Experiment II: 10; 33; 100; 333; 1000; 2500; and 5000 μg/plate

The test item was dissolved in DMSO.

The test item precipitated in the overlay agar in the test tubes from 333 to 5000 μg/plate. Precipitation of the test item in the overlay agar on the incubated agar plates was observed from 333 to 5000 μg/plate. The undissolved particles had no influence on the data recording.

The plates incubated with the test item showed normal background growth up to 5000 μg/plate with and without S9 mix in all strains used.

Minor toxic effects, evident as a reduction in the number of revertants (below the indication factor of 0.5), were observed in strain TA 98 at 5000 μg/plate with S9 mix in experiment I and at 5000 μg/plate with and without S9 mix in experiment II. No other toxic effects occurred in the remaining strains neither with nor without metabolic activation.

No substantial increase in revertant colony numbers of any of the five tester strains was observed following treatment with the test item at any dose level, neither in the presence nor absence of metabolic activation (S9 mix). There was also no tendency of higher mutation rates with increasing concentrations in the range below the generally acknowledged border of biological relevance.

Appropriate reference mutagens were used as positive controls and showed a distinct increase of induced revertant colonies.

In conclusion, it can be stated that during the described mutagenicity test and under the experimental conditions reported, the test item did not induce gene mutations by base pair changes or frameshifts in the genome of the strains used.

Therefore, the test item is considered to be non-mutagenic in this Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli reverse mutation assay.

Justification for classification or non-classification

Classification, Labeling, and Packaging Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008

The available test data are reliable and suitable for classification purposes under Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008. Thus, the test item is considered not to be classified for genotoxicity under Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, as amended for the fourteenth time in Regulation (EU) No 2020/217.