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EC number: 235-552-3 | CAS number: 12284-76-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Acute Toxicity: inhalation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: inhalation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 018
- Report date:
- 2018
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 403 (Acute Inhalation Toxicity)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.2 (Acute Toxicity (Inhalation))
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 870.1300 (Acute inhalation toxicity)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Test type:
- fixed concentration procedure
- Limit test:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Trialuminium bismuth hexaoxide
- EC Number:
- 235-552-3
- EC Name:
- Trialuminium bismuth hexaoxide
- Cas Number:
- 12284-76-3
- Molecular formula:
- Al3BiO6
- IUPAC Name:
- bismuth;oxido(oxo)alumane
- Test material form:
- solid
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Wistar
- Remarks:
- RccHan: WIST
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Envigo RMS (UK) Limited
- Females (if applicable) nulliparous and non-pregnant: yes
- Age at study initiation: 8 to 12 weeks old
- Weight at study initiation: 200 to 350 g
- Fasting period before study: No
- Housing: Housed in groups of up to 5 by sex in solid-floor polypropylene cages with stainless steel lids
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): Free access to Teklad Global Rodent Diet (except during exposure)
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): Ad libitum except during exposure
- Acclimation period: At least 5 days
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 19 to 25°C
- Humidity (%): 30 to 70% (although slightly lower that this range was determined during exposure). This was considered unavoidable and did not affect the outcome of the study.
- Air changes (per hr): At least 15
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 hours light/dark cycle
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- inhalation: dust
- Type of inhalation exposure:
- nose only
- Vehicle:
- air
- Mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD):
- 1.83 µm
- Geometric standard deviation (GSD):
- 2.6
- Remark on MMAD/GSD:
- The resulting values (determined using a cascade impactor) were converted to probits and plotted against Log10 cut-point size. From this plot, the Mass Median Aerodynamic Diameter (MMAD) was determined (as the 50% point) and the Geometric Standard Deviation was calculated. In addition the proportion (percentage) of aerosol less than 4 μm (considered to be the inhalable fraction) was determined.
- Details on inhalation exposure:
- Atmosphere generation:
A dust atmosphere was produced from the test item using a SAG 410 Solid Aerosol Generator located adjacent to the exposure chamber. The SAG 410 was connected to a metered compressed air supply. Compressed air was supplied by means of an oil free compressor and passed through a water trap and respiratory quality filters before it was introduced to the SAG 410. The cylindrical exposure chamber had a volume of approximately 30 liters. The concentration within the chamber was controlled by adjusting the test item feed rate from the SAG 410. The extract from the exposure chamber passed through a ‘scrubber’ trap and was connected with a high efficiency filter to a metered exhaust system. The chamber was maintained under negative pressure. Homogeneity of the test atmosphere within the chamber was not specifically determined during this study. Chambers of the same design have been fully validated and shown to produce evenly distributed atmospheres in the animals’ breathing zone with a wide variety of test items. Prior to the start of the study, test item atmospheres were generated within the exposure chamber. During this characterization period test item input rates were varied in an attempt to achieve the required atmospheric conditions.
Exposure period:
During the exposure period, each rat was individually held in a tapered, polycarbonate restraining tube fitted onto a single tier of the exposure chamber and sealed by means of a rubber ‘O’ ring. Only the nose of each animal was exposed to the test atmosphere. Following an appropriate equilibration period a single group of ten rats (five males and five females) was exposed to an atmosphere of the test item for a period of 4 hours. A target concentration of 5.0 mg/L was used for the exposure. As the mean achieved concentration was 101% of target and no deaths occurred, no further levels were required.
Exposure chamber temperature , relative humidity and oxygen concentration:
The temperature and relative humidity inside the exposure chamber were measured by an electronic thermometer/humidity meter located in a vacant port in the animals’ breathing zone of the chamber and recorded every 30 minutes throughout the 4-Hour exposure period. Oxygen levels within the exposure chamber were measured by an electronic oxygen analyzer located in a port in the animals breathing zone during the 4 Hour exposure period. The test atmosphere was generated to contain at least 19% oxygen.
Exposure chamber atmosphere generation:
The actual chamber concentration was measured at regular intervals during each exposure period. The gravimetric method used glass fiber filters placed in a filter holder. The holder was temporarily sealed in a vacant port in the exposure chamber in the animals’ breathing zone and a suitable, known volume of exposure chamber air was drawn through the filter using a vacuum pump. Each filter was weighed before and after sampling in order to calculate the weight of collected test item. The difference in the two weights, divided by the volume of atmosphere sampled, gave the actual chamber concentration. The nominal chamber concentration was calculated by dividing the mass of test item disseminated into the chamber by the total volume of air that flowed through the chamber during the exposure. The nominal concentration was 204% of the actual mean achieved atmosphere concentration and shows that keeping the aerosol airborne was straightforward.
Particle size distribution:
The particle size of the generated atmosphere inside the exposure chamber was determined three times during the exposure period using a Marple Personal Cascade Impactor. This device consisted of six impactor stages (10.4, 7.7, 4.1, 1.3, 0.9 and 0.56 μm cut points) with stainless steel collection substrates and a backup glass fiber filter, housed in an aluminum sampler. The sampler was temporarily sealed in a sampling port in the animals’ breathing zone and a suitable, known volume of exposure chamber air was drawn through it using a vacuum pump. The collection substrates and backup filter were weighed before and after sampling and the weight of test item, collected at each stage, calculated by difference. The mean amount for each stage was used to determine the cumulative amount below each cut-off point size. In this way, the proportion (%) of aerosol less than 10.4, 7.7, 4.1, 1.3, 0.9 and 0.56 μm was calculated. - Analytical verification of test atmosphere concentrations:
- no
- Duration of exposure:
- 4 h
- Remarks on duration:
- Standard as per OECD guideline
- Concentrations:
- A mean achieved atmosphere concentration of 5.07 mg/L was obtained with a standard deviation of 0.26. The nominal value was 10.34 mg/L.
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5 males and 5 females
- Control animals:
- no
- Details on study design:
- - Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days
- Frequency of observations and weighing: All animals were observed for clinical signs at hourly intervals during exposure, immediately on removal from the restraining tubes at the end of exposure, 1 hour after termination of exposure and subsequently once daily for 14 days. Any evidence of overt toxicity was recorded at each observation. Individual body weights were recorded on arrival, prior to treatment on the day of exposure (Day 0) and on Days 1, 3, 7 and 14.
- Necropsy of survivors performed: At the end of the 14 day observation period the animals were killed by intravenous overdose of sodium pentobarbitone. All animals were subjected to a full external and internal examination and any macroscopic abnormalities were recorded. The respiratory tract was subjected to a detailed macroscopic examination for signs of irritancy or local toxicity. - Statistics:
- None performed
Results and discussion
- Preliminary study:
- Not required based on available information
Effect levels
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect level:
- > 5.07 mg/L air
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Exp. duration:
- 4 h
- Mortality:
- No mortality occured in the 10 animals exposed.
- Clinical signs:
- other: Signs of hunched posture and pilo-erection are commonly seen in animals for short periods on removal from the chamber following 4-Hour inhalation studies. Staining of the fur by test item and wet fur are commonly recorded both during and for a short perio
- Body weight:
- All animals exhibited body weight losses on the first day post-exposure. Body weight gains were noted for all male animals during the remainder of the recovery period. With the exception of one female that showed no body weight gain from Days 1 to 3 post-exposure and a second female that showed no body weight gain from Days 7 to 14, body weight gains were noted for all female animals during the remainder of the recovery period.
- Gross pathology:
- With the exception of dark patches on the lungs noted in two males and one female no macroscopic abnormalities were detected amongst animals at necropsy.
- Other findings:
- None noted
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- GHS criteria not met
- Conclusions:
- No deaths occurred in a group of ten rats exposed to a mean achieved atmosphere concentration of 5.07 mg/L for 4 hours. It was therefore considered that the acute inhalation median lethal concentration (4 hour LC50) of the test item in the Wistar strain rat was greater than 5.07 mg/L.
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