Alkanes, C10-13-iso-

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

May 1994

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: This robust summary has a reliability rating of 1 because the study followed a standard guideline, followed GLP guidelines, and was conducted without deviations that would invalidate the study.

Justification for type of information:

A discussion and report on the read across strategy is given as an attachment in IUCLID Section 13.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across: supporting information

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

The water accommodated fraction of the test material was prepared by stirring the test material in the exposure solution for 22 hours after which the the aqueous phase was removed for testing.

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

Organisms used in the test were from a laboratory culture were less than 24 hour old. The source of the culture was from Zeneca Brixham Laboratory from I.R.Ch.A., France.

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

yes

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Post exposure observation period:

None

Hardness:

196 mg/L CaCO3

Test temperature:

18 to 20 degrees C

pH:

Within Guideline requirement

Dissolved oxygen:

9.0 mg/L

Nominal and measured concentrations:

The nominal loading rate was 1000 mg/L. A control was also tested.

Details on test conditions:

The study was conducted in closed test systems that were not renewed during the study. The test systems used were 150 ml glass Erlenmeyer flasks. The control and treatment level was evaluated in replicate test systems. Ten organisms, less than 24 hours old, were exposed in each of the control and treatment solution flasks and were not fed during the study.

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

EL50

Effect conc.:

> 1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

LL0

Effect conc.:

1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EL50

Effect conc.:

> 1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EL0

Effect conc.:

1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Details on results:

There was no immobility reported in the treatment and control solutions at test termination.

Reported statistics and error estimates:

None

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

The water accommodated fraction (WAF) of the test substance did not produce a 50% effect (immobility) with Daphnia magna at a loading of 1000 mg/L after a 48-hour exposure. Therefore, the 48-hour LL50 is reported as >1000 mg/L. There was no mortality at the 1000 mg/L loading level after 48 hours. Therefore, the 48-hour LL0 for mortality is reported as 1000 mg/L. There was also no mortality in the control.

Executive summary:

The water accommodated fraction (WAF) of the test substance did not produce a 50% effect (immobility) with Daphnia magna at a loading of 1000 mg/L after a 48-hour exposure. Therefore, the 48-hour LL50 is reported as >1000 mg/L. There was no mortality at the 1000 mg/L loading level after 48 hours. Therefore, the 48-hour LL0 for mortality is reported as 1000 mg/L. There was also no mortality in the control.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

August 1983

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: This robust summary has a reliability rating of 2 because the study did not follow a GLP guideline and included limited water quality results, but did appear to use a standard procedure and generally acceptable testing procedures.

Justification for type of information:

A discussion and report on the read across strategy is given as an attachment in IUCLID Section 13.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across: supporting information

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1978) Bioassay procedures for the ocean disposal permit program EPA-600/9-78-010

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

no

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

The treatment solutions were prepared as percent dilutions of a 100% water soluble fraction (WSF). The 100% WSF was prepared by adding 1 part of test material to 9 parts of artificial seawater (v:v). The mixture was stirred for 20 hours. After mixing, the aqueous phase was removed for further dilution to prepare the treatment levels, which were 10, 25, 40, 60, and 100% of the water soluble fraction.

Test organisms (species):

Americamysis bahia (previous name: Mysidopsis bahia)

Details on test organisms:

Test organisms were obtained from an in-house culture, cultivated under test conditions.

Test type:

static

Water media type:

saltwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Post exposure observation period:

None

Test temperature:

19 to 21 degrees C

pH:

7.8

Dissolved oxygen:

7.0 to 7.4 mg/L

Nominal and measured concentrations:

The nominal treatment levels were 10, 25, 40, 60, and 100% of the water soluble fraction.

Details on test conditions:

The test material was evaluated in three separate tests. Each test exposed 30 organisms to a range of water soluble fractions (WSFs) of the test substance including a 100% WSF.

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 81 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Details on results:

Although mortality was observed in some of the treatment levels, which were dilutions of the 100% water soluble fraction (WSF) of the test substance prepared at a loading of 81,000 mg/L, a clear dose dependent relationship was not observed and mortality did not exceed 20%. The dilutions are represented as percents of the 100% WSF. A control was also tested.

Immobility results from the second definitive test:
Exposure Total
Solution Mortality*
(% WSF) (Test 1, 2, 3 @ 96 hrs)
Control 0, 0, 0
10 0, 0, 0
25 1, 0, 1
40 0, 0, 0
60 0, 0, 1
100 0, 2, 1

* 30 organisms tested in each of the control and treatment levels

Reported statistics and error estimates:

Statistical analyses were not conducted.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

The 100% water soluble fraction (WSF) of the test substance at a loading of 81,000 mg/L did not produce a 50% mortality with Mysidopsis bahia after a 96-hour exposure. Therefore, the 96-hour LL50 value is reported as >81,000 mg/L. There was also no mortality in the control.

Executive summary:

The 100% water soluble fraction (WSF) of the test substance at a loading of 81,000 mg/L did not produce a 50% mortality with Mysidopsis bahia after a 96-hour exposure. Therefore, the 96-hour LL50 value is reported as >81,000 mg/L. There was also no mortality in the control.

Reference 3

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

August to December 1996

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: This robust summary has a reliability rating of 1 because the study followed a standard guideline, followed GLP guidelines, and was conducted without deviations that would invalidate the study.

Justification for type of information:

A discussion and report on the read across strategy is given as an attachment in IUCLID Section 13

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across: supporting information

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

Samples for analysis of new and old test solutions were taken new at 0 hours (test initiation) and old at 48 hours (test termination).

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

The water accommodated fractions of the test material were prepared by stirring the test material at each loading level in the exposure solution for 44 hours with a 1.5 to 2 hour settling period, after which each aqueous phase was removed and added to a test system. A second 10 mg/L WAF was stirred for 25 hours with a 1.5 to 2 hour settling period because the original WAF vessel developed a leak as it was stirring. An equilibration study was conducted over a period of 72 hours prior to the definitive study to determine the approximate length of time needed to stir the test substance in the test media to acheive a saturated solution. Results suggested that a stirring period of 20 to 28 hours would be sufficient to reach equilibrium.

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

Organisms used in the test were from a laboratory culture were less than 24 hour old. The source of the culture was from Zeneca Brixham Laboratory from I.R.Ch.A., France.

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Post exposure observation period:

None

Hardness:

155 mg/L CaCO3

Test temperature:

19.3 to 19.7 degrees C

pH:

7.1 to 8.2

Dissolved oxygen:

9.1 to 9.2 mg/L

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal loading rates were 1.0, 2.2, 4.6, 10, 22, 46, and 100 mg/L. A control was also included. Based on analyses of new and old test solution samples taken new at 0 hours (test initiation) and old at 48 hours (test termination), the nominal/measured (mean) concentration values were: control/<0.02 mg/L; 1.0/0.11 mg/L; 2.2/0.22 mg/L; 4.6/0.18 mg/L; 10/0.25 mg/L; 22/0.44 mg/L; 46/0.47 mg/L; and 100/0.56 mg/L.

Details on test conditions:

The study was conducted in closed test systems that were not renewed during the study. The test systems used were 150 ml glass Erlenmeyer flasks. The control and treatment level was evaluated in replicate test systems. Ten organisms, less than 24 hours old, were exposed in each of the control and treatment solution flasks and were not fed during the study.

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

EL50

Effect conc.:

> 100 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

LL0

Effect conc.:

10 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EL50

Effect conc.:

> 22 - < 46 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EL0

Effect conc.:

10 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Details on results:

A total of 20 daphnids were added to the control and treatment solutions. Immobility results are as follows:

Loading Rate % Immobility
(mg/L) 24 hr 48 hr
Control 0 0
1.0 0 0
2.2 0 0
4.6 0 0
10 0 0
22 5 25
46 10 65
100 25 75

Reported statistics and error estimates:

Effect levels were estimated by visual inspection of the data, which is thought to be more appropriate than interpolative statistical analysis if the data are based on water accommodated fractions of a complex test substance with low water solubility.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

Water accommodated fractions (WAFs) of the test substance produced a 48-hour EL50 range of >22 to <46 mg/L and a LL0 value of 10 mg/L with Daphnia magna. There was no mortality in the control.

Executive summary:

Water accommodated fractions (WAFs) of the test substance produced a 48-hour EL50 range of >22 to <46 mg/L and a LL0 value of 10 mg/L with Daphnia magna. There was no mortality in the control.

Description of key information

There is data available for this substance. Additionally, key data is available for the following structural analogues: Hydrocarbons, C9-C10, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, <2% aromatics, Hydrocarbons, C10-C13, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, <2% aromatics and Hydrocarbons, C10-C14, usoalkanes, cyclics, <2% aromatics. The data is read across to this substance based on analogue read across and a discussion and report on the read across strategy is provided as an attachment in IUCLID Section 13.

Hydrocarbons, C9-C10, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, <2% aromatics presented a 48-hour EL50 range of >22 to <46 mg/L and a LL0 value of 10 mg/L for Daphnia magna (WAF).

Hydrocarbons, C10-C13, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, <2% aromatics presented a 48-hour LL50 of >1000 mg/L for Daphnia Magna (WAF).

Hydrocarbons, C10-C14, isoalkanes, cyclics, <2% aromatics presented a 96-hour LL50 value is reported as >81,000 mg/L for Americamysis bahia (WSF).

Additional information

Three key study reports were available and input as endpoint records. The studies were scientifically reliable according to Klimish (Klimish et al., 1997) scoring (Klimish 1).

The study from Shell (1997) examined the short-term toxicity of the test substance Hydrocarbons, C9-C10, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, <2% aromatics to Daphnia Magna. Groups of 20 daphnids were added to the control and treatment solutions and were exposed to nominal/measured (mean) concentrations of control/<0.02 mg/L; 1.0/0.11 mg/L; 2.2/0.22 mg/L; 4.6/0.18 mg/L; 10/0.25 mg/L; 22/0.44 mg/L; 46/0.47 mg/L; and 100/0.56 mg/L (WAF) of the test substance. The daphnids were observed at 24 and 48 hours after expsoure. At 24 hours, immobility was recorded as 5, 10 and 25% for the 22, 46 and 100mg/L groups, respectively. At 48 hours, immobility was recorded as 25, 65 and 75% for the 22, 46 and 100mg/L groups, respectively. No daphnids exposed to lower concentrations of the test substance displayed immobility. The test substance produced a 48-hour EL50 range of >22 to <46 mg/L and a LL0 value of 10 mg/L with Daphnia magna. There was also no mortality in the control.

The study from Shell (1995) examined the short-term toxicity of the test substance Hydrocarbons, C10-C13, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, <2% aromatics to Daphnia Magna. Groups of 10 daphnids were exposed to a Nominal loading rate of 1000 mg/L (WAF) of the test substance, as well as a control, for a total duration of 48 hours. There was no immobility reported in the treatment and control solutions at test termination. Since the test substance did not produce a 50% effect (immobility) with Daphnia magna at a loading of 1000 mg/L after a 48-hour exposure, the 48-hour LL50 is reported as >1000 mg/L. There was no mortality at the 1000 mg/L loading level after 48 hours. Therefore, the 48-hour LL0 for mortality is reported as 1000 mg/L. There was also no mortality in the control.

The study from Sasol (1983) examined the short-term toxicity of the test substance Hydrocarbons, C10-C14, usoalkanes, cyclics, <2% aromatics to Americamysis bahia. Groups of 30 test organisms were exposed to the test solution at nominal treatment levels of 10, 25, 40, 60, and 100% of the water soluble fraction for a total of 96 hours. A control was also tested. Although mortality was observed in some of the treatment levels, which were dilutions of the 100% water soluble fraction of the test substance prepared at a loading of 81,000 mg/L, a clear dose dependent relationship was not observed and mortality did not exceed 20%. The 100% water soluble fraction of the test substance, at a loading of 81,000 mg/L, did not produce a 50% mortality with Americamysis bahia after a 96-hour exposure. Therefore, the 96-hour LL50 value is reported as >81,000 mg/L. There was also no mortality in the control.