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EC number: 202-941-4 | CAS number: 101-42-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
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- Flash point
- Auto flammability
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- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
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- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Toxicity to reproduction
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- screening for reproductive / developmental toxicity
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 1989
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Hygienic significance of pathomorphologic changes of the organs in albino rats in studying the embryotoxic effect of Fenuron
- Author:
- Talakin Y.N. et al.
- Year:
- 1 989
- Bibliographic source:
- Gigiena i Sanitariya,1989, Issue 9, Sep 1989, p.73-5
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- - Principle of test: in accordance with a complex scheme developed by V.A. Gofmekler et al. described in “Methods of studying long-term effects of chemical air pollution: Experimental and in-situ study of embryotropic effects and influence on the female organism during pregnancy / Gofmekler, V.A., Krasovitskaya, M.M., Sheparev, A.A. et al. Methodological instructions. – Vladivostok, 1978.”
- Short description of test conditions:
4 groups of female albino rats with 15 animals / group were treated with the study preparation administered intragastrically in the doses of 1/5, 1/100, 1/200, and 1/400 LD50 from the 6th to the 15th day of pregnancy. A fith control group was only treated with starch.
- Parameters analysed / observed:
The organs of the pregnant rats and embryos were subject to histological examination. - GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Fenuron
- EC Number:
- 202-941-4
- EC Name:
- Fenuron
- Cas Number:
- 101-42-8
- Molecular formula:
- C9H12N2O
- IUPAC Name:
- fenuron
- Test material form:
- not specified
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- other: albino
- Sex:
- female
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- from the 6th to the 15th day of pregnancy
Doses / concentrationsopen allclose all
- Dose / conc.:
- 1 500 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
- Remarks:
- 1/5 LD50
- Dose / conc.:
- 75 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
- Remarks:
- 1/100 LD50
- Dose / conc.:
- 38 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
- Remarks:
- 1/200 LD50
- Dose / conc.:
- 20 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
- Remarks:
- 1/400 LD50
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 15
- Control animals:
- yes, sham-exposed
Examinations
- Postmortem examinations (parental animals):
- The organs of the pregnant rats and embryos were subject to histological examination. The material was preserved in a 10% neutral formalin solution, and paraffin sections of the rat organs and transverse sections of the fetuses were stained with hematoxylin and eosin.
This article presents the results of the histological examination of the ovaries, placenta, brain, oesophagus, stomach, and heart of the pregnant rats which were treated with various doses of fenuron, administered intragastrically, with histotopograms of their fetuses provided as well. - Postmortem examinations (offspring):
- The organs of the embryos were subject to histological examination. The material was preserved in a 10% neutral formalin solution, and paraffin transverse sections of the fetuses were stained with hematoxylin and eosin.
This article presents the results of the histological examination of the ovaries, placenta, brain, oesophagus, stomach, and heart of the pregnant rats which were treated with various doses of fenuron, administered intragastrically, with histotopograms of their fetuses provided as well.
Results and discussion
Results: P0 (first parental generation)
General toxicity (P0)
- Clinical signs:
- not specified
- Mortality:
- not specified
- Body weight and weight changes:
- not specified
- Food efficiency:
- not specified
- Haematological findings:
- not specified
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- not specified
- Urinalysis findings:
- not specified
- Behaviour (functional findings):
- not specified
- Immunological findings:
- not specified
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- not specified
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- The results of the histological examination of the organs of the rats that received 1/5 LD50 of fenuron (1500 mg/kg) (and of their fetuses) contained pathological changes.
The oesophagus and stomach walls, heart and brain of the rats had signs of hemodynamic abnormalities and dystrophic changes. The vessels of the brain tunics and brain substance were expanded and hyperemic; moderate perivascular edema was detected. The nerve cells of the cortex and the brainstem nuclei were in a swollen state. The mucous membrane of the stomach and oesophagus was edematous and hyperemic. The heart had cloudy swelling and uneven colouring of the myocardiocytes, sudden expansion and hyperemia of the epicardium and myocardium vessels. The cortical layer of the ovaries contained massive yellow bodies, primordial and growing follicles, and numerous atretic bodies. In the placenta, acute vascular hyperemia, single small perivascular hemorrhages, and chorion edema were observed. The layers of decidual cells penetrated deeply into the myometrium with edematous and hyperemic stroma.
With the dose of fenuron reduced to 75 mg/kg (1/100 LD50), the response of the pregnant females to the effect of the toxic agent decreased. The revealed hemodynamic abnormalities in the stomach and oesophagus walls, myocardium, and brain are significantly weaker than in the females that received the preparation in the dose of 1500 mg/kg
The effect of fenuron in the dose of 38 mg/kg (1/200 LD50) on the reproductive function of white female rats was characterized by an increase of the placental-fetal coefficient and changes in hemodynamics in the stomach, oesophagus walls, myocardium, and brain.
When the herbicide was administered in the dose of 20 mg/kg (1/400 LD50), no changes in the organs of the pregnant rats or their fetuses were detected.
Thus, in the examined organs of pregnant rats, circulatory disorders, manifested by vascular expansion and hyperemia, edemas, and sometimes small hemorrhages, prevailed.
The obtained results indicate the effect of fenuron on the blood flow and permeability of the vascular walls. - Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
- not examined
Reproductive function / performance (P0)
- Reproductive function: oestrous cycle:
- not specified
- Reproductive function: sperm measures:
- not examined
- Reproductive performance:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- At the dose level of 1500 mg/kg bw, the cortical layer of the ovaries contained massive yellow bodies, primordial and growing follicles, and numerous atretic bodies. In the placenta, acute vascular hyperemia, single small perivascular hemorrhages, and chorion edema were observed. The layers of decidual cells penetrated deeply into the myometrium with edematous and hyperemic stroma.
With the dose of fenuron reduced to 75 mg/kg (1/100 LD50), the response of the pregnant females to the effect of the toxic agent decreased.
The effect of fenuron in the dose of 38 mg/kg (1/200 LD50) on the reproductive function of white female rats was characterized by an increase of the placental-fetal coefficient and changes in hemodynamics in the stomach, oesophagus walls, myocardium, and brain.
When dosed at 20 mg/kg (1/400 LD50), no changes in the organs of the pregnant rats or their fetuses were detected.
Effect levels (P0)
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Effect level:
- 20 mg/kg bw/day
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- female
- Basis for effect level:
- histopathology: non-neoplastic
Target system / organ toxicity (P0)
- Critical effects observed:
- yes
- Lowest effective dose / conc.:
- 38 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
- System:
- cardiovascular
- Treatment related:
- yes
- Dose response relationship:
- yes
Results: F1 generation
General toxicity (F1)
- Clinical signs:
- not specified
- Mortality / viability:
- not specified
- Body weight and weight changes:
- not specified
- Food efficiency:
- not specified
- Haematological findings:
- not specified
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- not specified
- Urinalysis findings:
- not specified
- Sexual maturation:
- not specified
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- not specified
- Gross pathological findings:
- not specified
- Histopathological findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- The results of the histological examination of the organs of the rats that received 1/5 LD50 of fenuron (1500 mg/kg) (and of their fetuses) contained pathological changes.
The oesophagus and stomach walls, heart and brain of the rats had signs of hemodynamic abnormalities and dystrophic changes. The vessels of the brain tunics and brain substance were expanded and hyperemic; moderate perivascular edema was detected. The nerve cells of the cortex and the brainstem nuclei were in a swollen state. The mucous membrane of the stomach and oesophagus was edematous and hyperemic. The heart had cloudy swelling and uneven colouring of the myocardiocytes, sudden expansion and hyperemia of the epicardium and myocardium vessels. The cortical layer of the ovaries contained massive yellow bodies, primordial and growing follicles, and numerous atretic bodies. In the placenta, acute vascular hyperemia, single small perivascular hemorrhages, and chorion edema were observed. The layers of decidual cells penetrated deeply into the myometrium with edematous and hyperemic stroma.
With the dose of fenuron reduced to 75 mg/kg (1/100 LD50), the response of the pregnant females to the effect of the toxic agent decreased. The revealed hemodynamic abnormalities in the stomach and oesophagus walls, myocardium, and brain are significantly weaker than in the females that received the preparation in the dose of 1500 mg/kg
The effect of fenuron in the dose of 38 mg/kg (1/200 LD50) on the reproductive function of white female rats was characterized by an increase of the placental-fetal coefficient and changes in hemodynamics in the stomach, oesophagus walls, myocardium, and brain.
When the herbicide was administered in the dose of 20 mg/kg (1/400 LD50), no changes in the organs of the pregnant rats or their fetuses were detected.
Thus, in the examined organs of pregnant rats, circulatory disorders, manifested by vascular expansion and hyperemia, edemas, and sometimes small hemorrhages, prevailed.
The obtained results indicate the effect of fenuron on the blood flow and permeability of the vascular walls.
Developmental neurotoxicity (F1)
- Behaviour (functional findings):
- not specified
Developmental immunotoxicity (F1)
- Developmental immunotoxicity:
- not specified
Details on results (F1)
With the dose of fenuron reduced to 75 mg/kg (1/100 LD50), the response of the pregnant females to the effect of the toxic agent decreased.
The effect of fenuron in the dose of 38 mg/kg (1/200 LD50) on the reproductive function of white female rats was characterized by an increase of the placental-fetal coefficient and changes in hemodynamics in the stomach, oesophagus walls, myocardium, and brain.
When dosed at 20 mg/kg (1/400 LD50), no changes in the organs of the pregnant rats or their fetuses were detected.
Effect levels (F1)
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Generation:
- F1
- Effect level:
- 20 mg/kg bw/day
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- female
- Basis for effect level:
- histopathology: non-neoplastic
Target system / organ toxicity (F1)
- Critical effects observed:
- yes
- Lowest effective dose / conc.:
- 38 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
- System:
- cardiovascular
- Treatment related:
- yes
- Dose response relationship:
- yes
Overall reproductive toxicity
- Reproductive effects observed:
- yes
- Lowest effective dose / conc.:
- 38 mg/kg bw/day
- Treatment related:
- yes
- Relation to other toxic effects:
- reproductive effects as a secondary non-specific consequence of other toxic effects
- Dose response relationship:
- yes
- Relevant for humans:
- not specified
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The effect of fenuron in the dose of 38 mg/kg (1/200 LD50) on the reproductive function of white female rats was characterized by an increase of the placental-fetal coefficient and changes in hemodynamics in the stomach, oesophagus walls, myocardium, and brain.
When the herbicide was administered in the dose of 20 mg/kg (1/400 LD50), no changes in the organs of the pregnant rats or their fetuses were detected. - Executive summary:
The studies were carried out in in 4 groups of female white rats with 15 animals in each group. The fifth group served as a control group. The tested animals were treated with the study preparation administered intragastrically in the doses of 1/5, 1/100, 1/300200, and 1/400 LD50 from the 6th to the 15th day of pregnancy. The control group was only treated with starch.
The organs of the pregnant rats and embryos were subject to histological examination. The material was preserved in a 10% neutral formalin solution, and paraffin sections of the rat organs and transverse sections of the fetuses were stained with hematoxylin and eosin.
This article presents the results of the histological examination of the ovaries, placenta, brain, oesophagus, stomach, and heart of the pregnant rats which were treated with various doses of fenuron, administered intragastrically, with histotopograms of their fetuses provided as well.
The results of the histological examination of the organs of the rats that received 1/5 LD50 of fenuron (1500 mg/kg) and of their fetuses contained pathological changes.
The oesophagus and stomach walls, heart and brain of the rats had signs of hemodynamic abnormalities and dystrophic changes. The vessels of the brain tunics and brain substance were expanded and hyperemic; moderate perivascular edema was detected. The nerve cells of the cortex and the brainstem nuclei were in a swollen state. The mucous membrane of the stomach and oesophagus was edematous and hyperemic. The heart had cloudy swelling and uneven colouring of the myocardiocytes, sudden expansion and hyperemia of the epicardium and myocardium vessels. The cortical layer of the ovaries contained massive yellow bodies, primordial and growing follicles, and numerous atretic bodies. In the placenta, acute vascular hyperemia, single small perivascular hemorrhages, and chorion edema were observed. The layers of decidual cells penetrated deeply into the myometrium with edematous and hyperemic stroma.
With the dose of fenuron reduced to 75 mg/kg (1/100 LD50), the response of the pregnant females to the effect of the toxic agent decreased. The revealed hemodynamic abnormalities in the stomach and oesophagus walls, myocardium, and brain are significantly weaker than in the females that received the preparation in the dose of 1500 mg/kg
The effect of fenuron in the dose of 38 mg/kg (1/200 LD50) on the reproductive function of white female rats was characterized by an increase of the placental-fetal coefficient and changes in hemodynamics in the stomach, oesophagus walls, myocardium, and brain.
When the herbicide was administered in the dose of 20 mg/kg (1/400 LD50), no changes in the organs of the pregnant rats or their fetuses were detected.
Thus, in the examined organs of pregnant rats, circulatory disorders, manifested by vascular expansion and hyperemia, edemas, and sometimes small hemorrhages, prevailed. In the fetuses, these changes were more significant – the edemas were diffuse, and the hemorrhages were abundant. The obtained results indicate the effect of fenuron on the blood flow and permeability of the vascular walls, which was more pronounced in the fetuses.
In the course of examination of the histotopograms of fetuses obtained from these females, the following changes were established: edema of the fibrous connective tissue of the mediastinum and subcutaneous tissue, organ stroma, and acute hyperemia of the vessels of the brain, body, and all the internal organs; extensive hemorrhages in the liver tissue, mediastinum, spinal cord membranes, pleural and abdominal cavities, subcutaneous tissue, back muscles, as well as a developmental lag in one of the paired organs (cerebral hemispheres, eyes, kidneys).
The organs and tissues of the fetuses obtained from the white female rats, the pregnancies of which occurred against the background of intragastric administration of fenuron in the dose of 75 mg/kg (1/100 LD50), were characterized by edema, vascular hyperemia, and multiple extensive hemorrhages in the liver, spinal cord membranes, pleural cavity, and subcutaneous fatty tissue.
When the herbicide was administered in the dose of 20 mg/kg (1/400 LD50), no changes in the organs of the pregnant rats or their fetuses were detected.
Thus, in the examined organs of pregnant rats, circulatory disorders, manifested by vascular expansion and hyperemia, edemas, and sometimes small hemorrhages, prevailed. In the fetuses, these changes were more significant – the edemas were diffuse, and the hemorrhages were abundant. The obtained results indicate the effect of fenuron on the blood flow and permeability of the vascular walls, which was more pronounced in the fetuses.
When administered in the doses of 1500 and 75 mg/kg, fenuron had significant embryotoxic and teratogenic effects. In the dose of 38 mg/kg, the changes caused by the preparation were less pronounced.
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