4-(3-phenylpropyl)pyridine

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

16 November to 13 December 2017

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)

Version / remarks:

2006

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)

Version / remarks:

2009

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Specific details on test material used for the study:

The test item is listed as 4-PPP (CAS # 2057-49-0) and is a clear amber colored liquid. The test substance was obtained from the Sponsor, Vertellus Holdings LLC and stored at room temperature in the dark.

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Remarks:

Gas Chromatography

Vehicle:

no

Test organisms (species):

Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (previous names: Raphidocelis subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)

Details on test organisms:

The test was carried out using the green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. Liquid cultures of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata were obtained from the Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa (CCAP), SAMS Research Services Ltd, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, Argyll, Scotland. Master cultures were maintained in the laboratory by the periodic replenishment of culture medium. The master cultures were maintained in the laboratory under constant agitation by orbital shaker (100 to 150 rpm) and constant illumination at 24 ±1 °C.

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

72 h

Test temperature:

24 °C ± 1 °C

pH:

7.1 to 8.1

Nominal and measured concentrations:

The test item was evaluated at nominal concentrations of 0.10 mg/L, 0.32 mg/L, 1.0 mg/L, 3.2 mg/L and 100 mg/L) (three replicate flasks per concentration). Results were based on the 0-h mean measured test concentrations only. These were determined to be 0.096, 0.23, 0.77, 2.1 and 7.4 mg/L (66% to 96% of the nominal test concentrations).

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

Potassium dichromate was the reference item at concentrations of 0.25 mg/L, 0.50 mg/L, 1.0mg/L, 2.0 mg/L and 4.0 mg/L. The results from the positive control with potassium dichromate were within the normal ranges for this reference item.

Key result

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

1.8 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

growth rate

Remarks on result:

other:

Remarks:

Based on the 0-hour mean measured test concentration

Key result

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

0.77 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

growth rate

Remarks on result:

other:

Remarks:

Based on the 0-hour mean measured test concentration

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect conc.:

2.1 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

growth rate

Remarks on result:

other:

Remarks:

Based on the 0-hour mean measured test concentration

Results with reference substance (positive control):

The results from the positive control with potassium dichromate were within the normal ranges for this reference item.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Remarks:

Cell concentrations of control increased by a factor of 191 after 72 h (protocol ≥ factor of 16); mean of coeffs of var.for control growth rates 25% (protocol ≤ 35%); coeff. of var.of avg. sp.growth rate in replicate control cultures 3% (protocol ≤ 7%).

Conclusions:

The test substance caused a reduction of growth in a series of algal cultures (test units) exposed to the test item for 72 h. Results were based on the 0-h mean measured test concentrations. The 72-h EC50 was 1.8 mg/L and the 72-h LOEC was 2.1 mg/L as determined by comparison of areas in growth curves. The 72-h NOEC was 0.77 mg/L as determined by comparison of areas in growth curves.

Description of key information

The key study was a static acute toxicity test on the effects of the substance on the freshwater unicellular green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata following OECD Guideline 201. The test substance caused a reduction of growth in a series of algal cultures (test units) exposed to the test item for 72 h. Results were based on the 0-h mean measured test concentrations. The 72-h EC50 was 1.8 mg/L and the 72-h LOEC was 2.1 mg/L as determined by comparison of areas in growth curves. The 72-h NOEC was 0.77 mg/L as determined by comparison of areas in growth curves. 

Key value for chemical safety assessment

EC50 for freshwater algae:

1.8 mg/L

EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:

0.77 mg/L