1,3-Propanediol, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-, allyl ether

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

9 April 2018 - 12 April 2018

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)

Deviations:

no

Principles of method if other than guideline:

NA

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

Samples were taken for measuring the content of the test item, 1,3-Propanediol, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-, allyl ether, via GC/FID at the beginning and end of the test.

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

A stock solution containing 100.0 mg/L test item in dilution water was prepared. Due to the slow solubility in dilution water, the solution was further treated by ultra-sonication for 35 minutes and then stirred for 23 h. The lower test concentrations were prepared by dilution of this prepared stock solution with dilution water.

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

Strain: Straus
Sex: female
Age: between 0 and 24 hours
Origin: Umweltbundesamt Berlin
In-house breeding since 27 September 2007.

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Remarks on exposure duration:

Test vessels observation times were at 24 and 48 hours of exposure duration.

Post exposure observation period:

Not applicable

Hardness:

250 mg CaCO3/L

Test temperature:

19.7 - 20.4°C

pH:

7.9 - 8.0

Dissolved oxygen:

8.2 - 8.5 mg/L

Salinity:

Not applicable

Conductivity:

Not applicable

Nominal and measured concentrations:

0 (control), 4.6, 10, 22, 46, 100 mg/L (nominal concentration). Test concentrations were selected based on the result of a non-GLP range finding test.

Details on test conditions:

Tests were conducted in glass beakers with a nominal volume of 50 mL. Each test concentration (and the blank control) consisted of four vessels, each containing 20 ± 5 mL test solution and five Daphnia.

The test vessels were left to stand for 48 hours. After 24 and 48 hours, the immobilised Daphnia were counted. Daphnia were considered immobilised when they do not perform any movements or are only able to move their antennae when the beaker was gently agitated. Daphnia which were trapped at the surface of the test solution were also considered immobilised.

Measurements of the pH (pH-meter 340i wtw), the concentration of dissolved oxygen (Oxygen meter inoLabOxi7310) and the content of the test item (GC/FID-determination) in the test vessels were measured at the beginning and at the end of the test.

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

Potassium dichromate

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

> 96.3 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (geom. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks on result:

other: 95%-confidence interval: Not determined

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

69.6 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (geom. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks on result:

other: 95%-confidence interval: 54.6 - 95.9 mg/L

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

18.6 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (geom. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect conc.:

40.4 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (geom. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Details on results:

At the end of the test, two concentrations showed significant toxicity between 20 and 70% immobilisation. None of the animals were immobilised in the blank control. At the end of the test the determined concentrations were between 86.8 and 99.4% of the nominal concentration. Since the deviation from the nominal concentrations was higher than 20% in some measured samples, the determination of the biological results was based on the geometric mean of the measured concentration. No observations were made which might cause doubts concerning the validity of the study outcome. All validity criteria were met. The result of the test is considered valid.

Results with reference substance (positive control):

The 24h-EC50 value of the reference substance (potassium dichromate) was determined as 1.6 mg/L. The value was within the requested range for the 24h-EC50 between 0.6 - 2.1 mg/L of potassium dichromate as specified in the OECD guideline. Since this showed sufficient statistical correspondence of the data with the dose-response-equation, this reference study can be considered valid.

Reported statistics and error estimates:

The estimation of the biological results was accomplished using the software ToxRat® Professional, version 3.2.1.

Daphnia magna immobility after 24 and 48 hours

Nominal Concentration in mg/L	Immobility 24 hours					Immobility 48 hours
	absolute				in %	absolute				in %
Blank control	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
4.6	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
22	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
46	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	1	1	20
100	1	0	0	0	5	4	3	3	4	70

 

Calculated test item concentrations and geometric mean

Nominal Concentration Test Item	Measured Concentration Test Item  t = 0 h	Measured Concentration Test Item  t = 48 h	% of Nominal concentration t = 0 h	% of Nominal concentration t = 48 h	Geometric Mean of measured concentrations
mg/L	mg/L	mg/L	%	%
Blank control	0.00	0.00	--	--	--
4.6	4.03	4.09	87.55	88.86	4.1
10	6.68	8.86	66.81	88.65	7.7
22	16.63	20.73	75.58	94.21	18.6
46	40.94	39.93	88.99	86.81	40.4
100	93.29	99.44	93.29	99.44	96.3

LOQ (Limit of quantification) = 3 mg/L

LOD (Limit of detection) = 3 mg/L

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

Significant toxicity of the test substance, 1,3-Propanediol, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-, allyl ether, to Daphnia magna was apparent following 48h exposure to test concentrations of 46 and 100 mg/L (nominal), showing between 20 and 70% immobilisation. The 48h EC50 based on the geometric mean of the measured concentration was 69.9 mg/L. The 24h-EC50 was mathematically not determinable, since 50% immobility was not reached after 24h up to the highest tested concentration.

Executive summary:

The acute toxicity of 1,3-Propanediol, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-, allyl ether to Daphnia magna was determined. The study was carried out according to OECD test guideline 202 (‘Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test’) and EU method C.2 (‘Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test’). In this study D. magna were exposed to the test material over a test period of 48 hours under static conditions.

Nominal exposure concentrations were 0 (control), 4.6, 10, 22, 46 and 100 mg/L. The results of the study were based on the nominal concentrations. At the beginning and at the end of the test, the content of the test item in the test solutions was determined using GC/FID-determination. The concentrations determined at the start of the test were between 66.8 and 93.3% of the nominal concentration. At the end of the test the determined concentrations were between 86.8 and 99.4% of the nominal concentration. Since the deviation from the nominal concentrations was higher than 20% in some measured samples, the determination of the biological results was based on the geometric mean of the measured concentration.

 

Significant toxicity of the test substance to D. magna was apparent following 48h exposure to test concentrations of 46 and 100 mg/L (nominal), showing between 20 and 70% immobilisation. The 48h EC50 based on the geometric mean of the measured concentration was 69.9 mg/L. The 24h-EC50 was mathematically not determinable, since 50% immobility was not reached after 24h up to the highest tested concentration.

Description of key information

The acute toxicity of 1,3-Propanediol, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-, allyl ether to Daphnia magna was determined. The study was carried out according to OECD test guideline 202 (‘Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test’) and EU method C.2 (‘Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test’). In this studyD. magnawere exposed to the test material over a test period of 48 hours under static conditions.

Nominal exposure concentrations were 0 (control), 4.6, 10, 22, 46 and 100 mg/L. The results of the study were based on the nominal concentrations. At the beginning and at the end of the test, the content of the test item in the test solutions was determined using GC/FID-determination. The concentrations determined at the start of the test were between 66.8 and 93.3% of the nominal concentration. At the end of the test the determined concentrations were between 86.8 and 99.4% of the nominal concentration. Since the deviation from the nominal concentrations was higher than 20% in some measured samples, the determination of the biological results was based on the geometric mean of the measured concentration.

 

Significant toxicity of the test substance to D. magna was apparent following 48h exposure to test concentrations of 46 and 100 mg/L (nominal), showing between 20 and 70% immobilisation. The 48h EC50 based on the geometric mean of the measured concentration was 69.9 mg/L. The 24h-EC50 was mathematically not determinable, since 50% immobility was not reached after 24h up to the highest tested concentration.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water invertebrates

Fresh water invertebrates

Effect concentration:

69.6 mg/L