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EC number: 236-406-1 | CAS number: 13355-96-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
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- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
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- Auto flammability
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- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
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- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
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- Nanomaterial pour density
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- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- Not specified
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- other: read-across target
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- no details available
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- no details available
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Sampling method: samples were taken in duplicate at the start of the test (t=0 h) and at the end of the test (t=48 h). Samples were taken again from the lowest, middle and highest concentrations. Aliquots of 10 mL were taken in plastic Corning tubes.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: One sample was transferred to analytical laboratories immediately after sampling. All other samples were stored in a freezer. - Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- - The test organism used was the freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna, cultured in the laboratory under standard conditions.
- Every week a number of cultures is started with ca. 150 daphnids of the same age (about one day) in ca. 4 litres of dilution water. The cultures are fed daily with ca. 4x10^9 algae cells (Chlorella) and ca. 0.13 grams of yeast per 4 litres. The medium is completely replaced at least once a week; at the same time all young born are removed.
- The cultures are kept at 20 ± 1 °C under a 16 h light and 8 h dark regime with transition periods of ca. 30 minutes.
- After 4 weeks the cultures are discarded. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- 1.24 - 1.27 mmol/L
- Test temperature:
- 20 ± 1 °C
- pH:
- The pH was measured at the beginning and at the end of the test and after 24 hours in the exposure media in which all animals were immobile.
- Dissolved oxygen:
- The oxygen concentrations was measured at the beginning and at the end of the test and after 24 hours in the exposure media in which all animals were immobile.
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 0, 5.6, 10, 19, 32, 56, 100 mg/L (nominal) were determined in a preliminary range-finding test.
<0.05, 5.57, 10.1, 18.6, 29.7, 56.6, 102.8 mg/L (measured, t=0 h)
<0.05, 5.37, 8.37, 17.2, 30.9, 53.1, 90.9 mg/L (measured, t=48 h) - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 150 mL all glass beakers each containing 100 mL of exposure medium.
- Aeration: None
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): None
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: The dilution water used was DSWL-E prepared from ground water.
- The nominal composition of the synthetic medium DSWL-E is: Na+ 1.19 mmol/L, K- 0.20 mmol/L, Ca2+ 1.36 mmol/L, Mg 2+ 0.73 mmol/L, Cl- 2.72 mmol/L, SO4 2- 0.73 mmol/L and HCO3- mmol/L.
- This medium is prepared by the addition of several salts to ground water from a locality near Linschoten (the Netherlands). The ground water contains several other trace elements (<< 1 mg/L). Media prepared from it have proved to be suitable for growing several species of water organisms. The equilibrium pH of the medium, after aeration, should be 8.3 - 8.5, but is usually slightly less, i.e. 8.0 - 8.2. The hardness, expressed as CaCO3, is about 210 mg.rt .
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16h light/ 8h dark
- The mobile, and if applicable the immobile animals, were counted after 24 hours and at the end of the test according to the definition given in OCED 202. At the same time the immobile animals were removed and the condition of the mobile animals was compared to that of the control animals. The daphnias exposed to 56 and 100 mg/L were also checked under a microscope.
- The actual concentrations of test material in the exposure media were determined by chemical analysis. - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 10 mg/L
- Basis for effect:
- other: condition
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 32 mg/L
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 83 mg/L
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 62-111 mg/L (95% confidence limits)
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC100
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- There were no immobile animals in the control medium at the end of the test. At 56 and 100 mg/L, immobility and lethality were observed at the ends of the test period. At concentrations of 32 mg/L and lower, there were no effects with respect to mobility or lethality except for two dead animals at 19 mg/L. As 10% immobility is allowed for the control and as the mortality observed at 19 mg/L was not dose-related, these observations were not taken into account in estimating the NOEC for mobility in this study. At the end of the test, at 19 mg/L and higher, the condition of the animals was less than that of the controls. The NOEC values for mobility and conditions are therefore 32 mg/L and 10 mg/L respectively.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- not applicable
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Under the circumstances of the test, the 48h EC50 of the test material for Daphnia magna was 83 mg/L and the 48h NOEC for mobility was 32 mg/L
- Executive summary:
The acute toxicity of the test material to the fresh-water crustacean Daphnia magna was determined according to the standardised guidelines OECD 202 and EU Method C.2, under GLP conditions.
The test was carried out as a static test with 4 x 5 daphnids (four-fold exposure media) for the control medium and each concentration. The exposure duration was 48 hours. The nominal concentrations tested were 5.6, 10, 19, 32, 56 and 100 mg/L. The test material was dissolved directly in the diultion water used for the test. The dilution water was also used as control medium.
All exposure media were completely clear throughout the test.
The actual concentration of the test material in the exposure media was determined by chemical analysis. Therefore, samples for chemical analysis were taken from all test concentrations at the start of the test and at the end of the test. At t=0 h, the average measured concentration of the test material in the exposure media was 99% of the nominal value. After 48 hours, the spent solutions contained 92% of the nominal value. As this is above 80% it is allowed to express the results of the test in nominal concentrations. The results of the test were (95% confidence interval in parentheses):
Parameter Effect Concentration in mg/L
(h = hours)
24 h EC50 mobility > 100
48 h EC50 mobility 83 (62 -111)
48 h EC100 mobility > 100
48 h NOEC mobility 32
48 h NOEC condition 10
Under the circumstances of the test, the 48h EC50 of the test material for Daphnia magna was 83 mg/L and the 48h NOEC for mobility was 32 mg/L
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study conducted on read-across material
- Justification for type of information:
- Read across to structurally similar substance monobutyltin trichloride (MBTC, CAS No.: 1118-46-3), see attached justification.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 10 mg/L
- Basis for effect:
- other: condition
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 32 mg/L
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 83 mg/L
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 62-111 mg/L (95% confidence limits)
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC100
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
Referenceopen allclose all
Variation of pH value: 6.9 - 8.2
Lowest measured oxygen concentration: 8.9 O2/L
Variation of temperature measured in one of the control vessels at the start and end of the test respectively: 20.1 - 19.6 °C
Table 1: Results of the acute toxicity with Daphnia magna
Parameter (h = hours) | Effect | Concentration (mg/L) |
24h EC50 | mobility | > 100 |
48h EC50 | mobility | 83 (62-111) |
48h EC100 | mobility | > 100 |
48h NOEC | mobility | 32 |
48h NOEC | condition | 10 |
Description of key information
Read across to structurally similar substance monobutyltin trichloride (MBTC, CAS No.: 1118-46-3).
Under the circumstances of the test, the 48h EC50 of the test material for Daphnia magna was 83 mg/L and the 48h NOEC for mobility was 32 mg/L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 83 mg/L
Additional information
Read across to structurally similar substance monobutyltin trichloride (MBTC, CAS No.: 1118-46-3).
The acute toxicity of the test material to the fresh-water crustacean Daphnia magna was determined in accordance with the standardised guidelines OECD 202 and EU Method C.2, under GLP conditions. The study was awarded a reliability score of 1 in accordance with the criteria set forth by Klimisch et al. (1997).
The test was carried out as a static test with 4 x 5 daphnids (four-fold exposure media) for the control medium and each concentration. The exposure duration was 48 hours. The nominal concentrations tested were 5.6, 10, 19, 32, 56 and 100 mg/L. The test material was dissolved directly in the diultion water used for the test. The dilution water was also used as control medium.
All exposure media were completely clear throughout the test.
The actual concentration of the test material in the exposure media was determined by chemical analysis. Therefore, samples for chemical analysis were taken from all test concentrations at the start of the test and at the end of the test. At t=0 h, the average measured concentration of the test material in the exposure media was 99% of the nominal value. After 48 hours, the spent solutions contained 92% of the nominal value. As this is above 80% it is allowed to express the results of the test in nominal concentrations.
Under the circumstances of the test, the 48h EC50 of the test material for Daphnia magna was determined to be 83 mg/L and the 48h NOEC for mobility was determined to be 32 mg/L.
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