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Ecotoxicological information

Sediment toxicity

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Endpoint:
sediment toxicity: long-term
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: GLP guideline study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 219 (Sediment-Water Chironomid Toxicity Test Using Spiked Water)
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Analytical monitoring:
yes
Vehicle:
no
Details on sediment and application:
PREPARATION OF SPIKED WATER
A stock solution of nominal 112 mg/Lwas prepared by dissolving 56.0 mg of the test item in 500 mL of Elendt medium M4 (actual concentration: 112 mg/L). All further calculations of nominal concentrations are based on 112 mg/L. This stock solution was shaken for a few seconds and directly used thereafter. The test solutions for application of test item into the overlying water were obtained by diluting the stock solution with Elendt medium M4. From these test solutions an appropriate volume was added below the surface of the overlying water of each test vessel. The overlying water was carefully mixed immediately after spiking. For each replicate 20 mL were used for application.
Test organisms (species):
Chironomus riparius
Details on test organisms:
TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: harlequin fly
- Source: in-house cultures, originally supplied by Aventis, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Age of parental stock (mean and range, SD):
- Age of animals at beginning of exposure: 1st instar larvae
- Feeding during test: yes
- Food type: TetraMin®-suspension
- Frequency: three times a week
Study type:
laboratory study
Test type:
static
Water media type:
freshwater
Type of sediment:
artificial sediment
Limit test:
no
Duration:
28 d
Exposure phase:
total exposure duration
Hardness:
319.7 mg CaCO3/L
Test temperature:
18.2 - 21.0 °C
pH:
6.0 - 8.1
Dissolved oxygen:
69 - 99%
Nominal and measured concentrations:
Nominal test substance concentrations: 4, 2, 1, 0.5, 0.25 mg/L in overlying water
Details on test conditions:
TEST SYSTEM
- Test container (material, size): glass vessels, 10 cm in diameter and 15 cm in height
- Sediment volume: approximately 2 cm
- Weight of wet sediment with and without pore water:
- Overlying water volume: approximately 560 ml
- Aeration:gentle aeration during acclimation and exposure phase (except 24 hours after start of exposure)
- Replacement of evaporated test water, if any: periodic compensation of evaporated water

EXPOSURE REGIME
- No. of organisms per container (treatment): 20
- No. of replicates per treatment group: 4
- No. of replicates per control / vehicle control: 4
- Feeding regime: three times a week (TetraMin®-suspension)

OVERLYING WATER CHARACTERISTCS
- Type of water (e.g. deionized, ground water, sea water, Elendt medium acc. to OECD 219): Elendt medium M4 was used as the overlying water.

CHARACTERIZATION OF (ARTIFICIAL; delete if not applicable) SEDIMENT
- % dry weight of sphagnum moss peat: 5 ± 0.5
- Particle size distribution
- % sand: 75 - 76
- % clay: 20 ± 1
- Total organic carbon (%): 2 ± 0.5
- Total inorganic carbon (%): 0.05 - 1 as CaCO3


OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16 light : 8 dark
- Light intensity: 648 Iux

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : total number of adults emerged, and development time

TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Range finding study
The test organisms exposed to spiked water were affected at considerably lower concentrations (0 emergence at ~ 4 mg/L) than the larvae exposed to spiked sediment (0 emergence at 500 mg/kg). This indicated that the spiked overlying water may be the main exposure route for the test item.
Reference substance (positive control):
no
Duration:
28 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
1.85 other: mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (initial)
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
emergence rate
Remarks:
and development rate
Duration:
28 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
3.35 other: mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (initial)
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
emergence rate
Endpoint:
sediment toxicity: long-term
Type of information:
read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
Adequacy of study:
key study
Justification for type of information:
Please refer to analogue justification provided in IUCLID section 13
Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
read-across source
Duration:
28 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
1.85 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (initial)
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
emergence rate
Remarks:
and development rate
Duration:
28 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
3.35 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (initial)
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
emergence rate

Description of key information

NOEC (28 d): 12.84 mg a.i./ kg sed (read across)

 

Key value for chemical safety assessment

EC10, LC10 or NOEC for freshwater sediment:
12.84 mg/kg sediment dw

Additional information

According to Annex VII of Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 the generation of sediment data is not required. Data on the sediment toxicity was assessed to allow a realistic PNEC sediment derivation based on experimental data.

Data on the sediment toxicity of sodium 2-biphenylate (CAS 132-27-4) are not available. According to Annex XI, Item 1.5, of Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 substances can be considered similar if their physicochemical, toxicological and ecotoxicological properties are likely to be similar or follow a regular pattern as a result of structural similarity. The source substance 2-phenylphenol (CAS 90-43-7) is the conjugate acid of sodium 2-biphenylate. Under environmentally relevant conditions sodium 2-biphenylate will dissociate on contact with water forming NaOH and 2-phenylphenol. The target and the source substance are expected to have a similar environmental fate and ecotoxicity profile due to the comparable physico-chemical properties of both substances. The target and the source substance are characterised by a low vapour pressure (1.2 and0.474 Pa at 20 °C respectively)and low adsorption potential (log Koc <3). The water solubility of the source substance Sodium 2-biphenylate is > 1000 g/L at pH 13.6 and 20 °C. However, as indicated by the measured dissociation constant for the substance (pKa(2-phenylphenol) = 9.5) Sodium 2-biphenylate will dissociate forming 2-phenylphenol under environmental relevant pH (pH 5 - 9). The measured water solubility of 2-phenylphenol ranged from 0.53 – 0.64 mg/L (pH 5-9 at 20°C). Further justification is given within in the analogue justification in IUCLID section 13.

The toxicity of 2-phenylphenol (CAS 90-43-7) to the sediment dwelling larvae ofChironimussp. was investigated according to OECD Guideline 219 in spiked water (Egeler & Gilberg, 2005).

Larvae (1stinstar) ofChironimussp. were exposed to nominal test substance concentrations of 4, 2, 1, 0.5, 0.25 mg/L in overlying water. ECx values could not be calculated since the inhibition of the development rate was not higher than 17% and 23% of the controls for females and males, respectively. The test item distributed from the overlying water to the sediment during the test period. The recoveries for the test item in water decreased throughout the test period. The average recovery of the initially measured test item concentration was 92.5 % of the nominal concentrations. A NOEC (28 d) of 1.85 mg a.i./L (meas. initial) was determined based on emergence and developmental rate. For PNEC derivation the NOEC value was extrapolated to result concentrations given in mg/kg sediment.

NOEC (28 d): 1.85 [mg a.i./L] (meas. initial)* Kp sed: 6.94 [L x kg-1]
(Kpsed= Focsed * Koc)

Foc sed: Weight fraction of organic carbon in compartment sediment = 0.02 [kg x kg-1]
Koc: Partition coefficient organic carbon-water = 347 [L x kg-1]

The resulting NOEC (28 d) of 12.84 mg a..i./ kg sediment was used for PNEC calculation.