Sodium 2-biphenylate

Toxicity to soil macroorganisms except arthropods

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

toxicity to soil macroorganisms except arthropods: short-term

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 207 (Earthworm, Acute Toxicity Tests)

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Specific details on test material used for the study:

- Storage condition of test material: room temperature

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

yes

Details on preparation and application of test substrate:

- Method of mixing into soil (if used): The test item was dissolved in an amount of acteone sufficient to prepare a stock solution. An appropiate amount of the solution were used to soak a portion of quartz sand. After evaporation of the solvent, the test item coated fraction of the quartz sand was incorporated into the remainder of the artifical soil by thoroughly mixing it for approx. 10 min.
- Chemical name of vehicle (organic solvent, emulsifier or dispersant): acetone
- Evaporation of vehicle before use: yes

Test organisms (species):

Eisenia fetida

Animal group:

annelids

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: earthworm
- Source: Co. Landenberger, 72355 Schömberg, Germany, kept at ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH
- Age at test initiation (mean and range, SD): adult worms with clitellum
- Weight at test initiation (mean and range, SD): 300 - 600 mg

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: at least 24 h prior to the start of the test
- Acclimation conditions: same as test

Study type:

laboratory study

Substrate type:

artificial soil

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

14 d

Test temperature:

19 - 21 °C

pH:

6.1 - 6.4

Moisture:

33.0 - 34.7% of dry mass
56.1 - 59.1% of WHCmax

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test container (material, size): 1.5 L preservation jars covered with glass lids
- Amount of soil or substrate: 500 g soil dw
- No. of organisms per container (treatment): 10
- No. of replicates per treatment group: 4
- No. of replicates per control: 4
- No. of replicates per vehicle control: 4

SOURCE AND PROPERTIES OF SUBSTRATE
- Composition of the artificial substrate):
- 10% Sphagnum peat
- 20% Kaolin-Clay (kaolinite content > 30%
- 68-69% Quartz sand
- ca. 1% Calcium carbonate (CaCO3)

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: permanent
- Light intensity: 475-577 lx

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: mortality and biomass determined after 7 and 14 days

VEHICLE CONTROL PERFORMED: yes

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal test concentrations: control, 62.5, 125, 250, 500, 1000 mg/kg soil dw

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

cloroacetamide

Duration:

14 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

125 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks:

weight

Duration:

14 d

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

198.2 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Details on results:

- Mortality at end of exposure period: 2.5% mortality was observed at the control and the solvent control, and 0-2.5% mortality at the concentrations of 62.5 and 125.0 mg test item/kg soil dw. At 250 mg test item/kg soil dw 95% mortality was determined. At 500 and 1000 mg test item/kg 100% mortality was observed.
- Total mass of adults at beginning of test: No significant difference between the solvent control and the water control was observed. A significant difference after 14 days between the solvent control and the concentration of 250 mg test item/kg soil dw was determined.
- Morphological abnormalities: none
- Behavioural abnormalities: none

Results with reference substance (positive control):

LC50 (14 d) = 28.2 mg/kg soil dw

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Reference 2

Endpoint:

toxicity to soil macroorganisms except arthropods: short-term

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Justification for type of information:

Please refer to analogue justification provided in IUCLID section 13

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Duration:

14 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

125 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks:

weight

Duration:

14 d

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

198.2 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Description of key information

NOEC (14 d): 125 mg/kg dw

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Short-term EC50 or LC50 for soil macroorganisms:

125 mg/kg soil dw

Additional information

Data on the toxicity of sodium 2-biphenylate (CAS 132-27-4) soil macroorganisms are not available. The assessment was therefore based on a study conducted with the source substance 2-phenylphenol (CAS 90-43-7) as part of a read across approach, which is in accordance with Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006, Annex XI, 1.5. Further justification is given within the overall summary chapter 6.3 and within the analogue justification in IUCLID section 13.

The effects of 2-phenylphenol (CAS 90-43-7) on earthworms were studied in an acute toxicity test on Eisenia fetida (Moser & Scheffczyk, 2004). This GLP study was carried out according to OECD Guideline 207 in artificial soil. In this test individuals of Eisenia fetida were exposed to nominal test substance concentrations of 62.5, 125, 250, 500, 1000 mg/kg soil dw for 14 days. The mortality of test animals was determined after 7 and 14 days of exposure. At test termination a LC50 (14 d) of 198.2 mg/kg soil dw (nominal) was determined. The NOEC for mortality as well as the NOEC for biomass was determined to be 125 mg test item/kg dw. Other effects on the morphology and the behaviour of the worms were not observed.