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Diss Factsheets

Toxicological information

Genetic toxicity: in vitro

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Administrative data

Endpoint:
in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
7 - 21 May 1991
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study

Data source

Reference
Reference Type:
study report
Title:
Unnamed
Year:
1991
Report date:
1991

Materials and methods

Test guidelineopen allclose all
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
Version / remarks:
adopted in 1983
Deviations:
no
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
EU Method B.13/14 (Mutagenicity - Reverse Mutation Test Using Bacteria)
Version / remarks:
adopted in 1984
Deviations:
no
Qualifier:
equivalent or similar to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
Version / remarks:
adopted in 1997
Deviations:
yes
Remarks:
only four S. typhimurium strains (additional E. coli WP2 strain or S. typhimurium TA 102 is missing)
GLP compliance:
yes
Type of assay:
bacterial reverse mutation assay

Test material

Constituent 1
Chemical structure
Reference substance name:
Sodium p-chloro-m-cresolate
EC Number:
239-825-8
EC Name:
Sodium p-chloro-m-cresolate
Cas Number:
15733-22-9
Molecular formula:
C7H6ClNaO
IUPAC Name:
sodium 4-chloro-3-methylphenolate
1
Chemical structure
Reference substance name:
Water
EC Number:
231-791-2
EC Name:
Water
Cas Number:
7732-18-5
Molecular formula:
H2O
IUPAC Name:
water
Details on test material:
Batch No.: C89

Method

Target gene:
his operon
Species / strain
Species / strain / cell type:
S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Metabolic activation system:
cofactor supplemented post-mitochondrial fraction (S9 mix), prepared from the livers of rats treated with Aroclor 1254
Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
First experiment: 8, 40, 200, 1000 and 5000 µg/plate with and without metabolic activation
Second experiment: 50, 100, 200, 240, 400 and 800 µg/plate with and without metabolic activation
Vehicle / solvent:
- Vehicle/solvent used: water
Controls
Untreated negative controls:
no
Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
yes
True negative controls:
no
Positive controls:
yes
Positive control substance:
other: sodium azide (10 µg/plate, -S9, TA 1535), nitrofurantoin (0.2 µg/plate, -S9, TA 100), 4-nitro-1,2-phenylene diamine (10 µg/plate, -S9, TA 1537 and 0.5 µg/plate, -S9, TA 98), 2-aminoanthracene (3 µg/plate, +S9, all strains)
Details on test system and experimental conditions:
METHOD OF APPLICATION: in agar (plate incorporation)

DURATION
- Exposure duration: 48 h

NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: 4 replications each in 2 independent experiments

DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: background growth; cloning efficiency; other: titer
Evaluation criteria:
A reproducible and dose-related increase in mutant counts of at least one strain is considered to be a positive result. For TA 1535, TA 100 and TA 98 this increase should be about twice the amount of negative controls, whereas for TA 1537, at least a threefold increase should be reached. Otherwise, the result is evaluated as negative. However, these guidelines may be overruled by good scientific judgement. In case of questionable results, investigation should continue, possibly with modifications, until a final evaluation is possible.

Results and discussion

Test resultsopen allclose all
Species / strain:
S. typhimurium TA 1535
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Genotoxicity:
negative
Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
cytotoxicity
Remarks:
at 800 µg/plate and above
Vehicle controls validity:
valid
Untreated negative controls validity:
not examined
Positive controls validity:
valid
Species / strain:
S. typhimurium TA 1537
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Genotoxicity:
negative
Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
cytotoxicity
Remarks:
at 400 µg/plate and above
Vehicle controls validity:
valid
Untreated negative controls validity:
not examined
Positive controls validity:
valid
Species / strain:
S. typhimurium TA 98
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Genotoxicity:
negative
Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
cytotoxicity
Remarks:
at 800 µg/plate and above
Vehicle controls validity:
valid
Untreated negative controls validity:
not examined
Positive controls validity:
valid
Species / strain:
S. typhimurium TA 100
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Genotoxicity:
negative
Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
cytotoxicity
Remarks:
at 800 µg/plate and above
Vehicle controls validity:
valid
Untreated negative controls validity:
not examined
Positive controls validity:
valid
Additional information on results:
TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
- Water solubility: The test substance was soluble in water.

HISTORICAL CONTROL DATA
Summaries of historical negative and positive controls of experiments performed within 6 months each from January 1987 to June 1991 are provided. Please refer to Table 1 under "Any other informations on results incl. tables" for the summarized historical control data of January to June 1991.

Any other information on results incl. tables

Table 1: Summary of historical negative and positive controls of experiments performed from January to June 1991

Compound

S9 mix

Strain

TA 1535

TA 100

TA 1537

TA 98

median

semi-Q range

median

semi-Q range

median

semi-Q range

median

semi-Q range

water

-

12

3

111

10

9

2

28

5

Na azide

-

623

102

 

 

 

 

 

 

NF

-

 

 

398

56

 

 

 

 

4-NPDA

-

 

 

 

 

49

10

89

20

30% water

+

16

3

252

15

12

2

38

7

2-AA

+

182

33

800

163

86

24

472

105

Na azide = sodium azide, NF = nitrofurantoin, 4-NPDA = 4-nitro-1,2-phenylenediamine

 

Table 2: First experiment - Average revertants per plate in tester strains TA98, TA 100, TA 1535 and TA 1537 without S9-mix

Concentration [µg/plate]

Revertants/plate [mean]

TA 1535

TA 100

TA 1537

TA 98

0

10

130

11

27

8

12

140

13

32

40

11

135

11

29

200

11

128

10

31

1000

6

44

2

19

5000

0

0

0

0

Na-azide1

479

 

 

 

NF2

 

8

 

 

4-NPDA3

 

 

55

146

Positive controls:

 1Sodium-azide, 10 µg/plate (only TA 1535)

2Nitrofurantoin, 0.2 µg/plate (only TA 100)

34-nitro-1,2-phenylenediamine, 10 µg/plate (only TA 1537), 0.5 µg/plate (only TA 98)

 

Table 3: First experiment - Average revertants per plate in tester strains TA98, TA 100, TA 1535 and TA 1537 with S9-mix

Concentration [µg/plate]

Revertants/plate [mean]

TA 1535

TA 100

TA 1537

TA 98

0

18

156

13

37

8

15

143

12

38

40

21

161

18

32

200

16

162

12

40

1000

11

102

5

25

5000

0

0

0

0

2-AA4

306

959

121

713

Positive controls:

42-aminoanthracene, 3 µg/plate

 

Table 4: Second experiment - Average revertants per plate in tester strains TA98, TA 100, TA 1535 and TA 1537 without S9-mix

Concentration [µg/plate]

Revertants/plate [mean]

TA 1535

TA 100

TA 1537

TA 98

0

16

121

11

27

50

20

114

13

32

100

15

117

11

29

200

17

118

10

31

400

19

111

2

19

800

12

76

0

0

Na-azide1

809

 

 

 

NF2

 

512

 

 

4-NPDA3

 

 

55

146

Positive controls:

1Sodium-azide, 10 µg/plate (only TA 1535)

2Nitrofurantoin, 0.2 µg/plate (only TA 100)

34-nitro-1,2-phenylenediamine, 10 µg/plate (only TA 1537), 0.5 µg/plate (only TA 98)

 

Table 5: Second experiment - Average revertants per plate in tester strains TA98, TA 100, TA 1535 and TA 1537 with S9-mix

Concentration [µg/plate]

Revertants/plate [mean]

TA 1535

TA 100

TA 1537

TA 98

0

20

172

16

48

50

26

176

13

41

100

2

 

185

15

36

200

25

188

15

44

400

1

176

15

40

800

17

121

6

30

2-AA4

295

1498

100

828

Positive controls:

42-aminoanthracene, 3 µg/plate

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Executive summary:

The mutagenic potential of the test substance was tested in the Salmonella/Microsome test according to OECD Guideline 471 (1983) and in compliance with GLP. Tester strains used were the Salmonella typhimurium histidine auxotrophs TA98, TA100, TA 1535 and TA 1537. Liver microsomal enzymes were prepared from at least 6 male Sprague-Dawley or male Wistar rats which had received a peritoneal injection of Aroclor 1254 at 500 mg/kg bw (S9 mix). The test substance was solved in water. In a first experiment, 6 dose levels from 0 - 5000 µg/plate were plated with overnight cultures of TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535 and TA 1537 in the presence or absence of rat S9 mix. As a result, the appropriate maximum dose to be plated in the second experiment was determined to be 800 µg/plate with and without metabolic activation, respectively. In the second experiment the test substance was tested at 5 dose levels (50, 100, 200, 400, 800 µg/plate) along with vehicle control (water) and appropriate positive controls in the absence or presence of rat microsomal enzymes. DMSO was used as vehicle for positive controls. 0.1 mL of test-substance in water or positive control in DMSO were added to 0.1 mL of bacteria solution (grown for 17 hours at 37 °C at 90 rpm) and 0.5 mL S9 mix or buffer (for non-activating tests) were added to 2.0 mL molten top-agar. After incubation for a maximum of 30 s at 45 °C in a water bath and mixing, this solution was poured onto solid agar plates. Four replicates were plated for all dose levels and controls. The plates were incubated at 37 °C for 48 h, before the colonies were counted. A result was evaluated as positive when it caused a doubling in the mean number of revertants per plate in at least one tester strain. This increase must be accompanied by a positive dose response. There was no indication of bacteriotoxic effects of the test substances at doses of up to and including 200 µg/plate. Total bacteria counts were comparable to or only slightly different from the negative controls. No inhibition of growth was noted. Doses at and above 400 µg/plate caused bacteriotoxic effects. None of the four strains tested showed a dose-related and biologically relevant increase in mutant counts over those of the negative controls, with and without metabolic activation. The respective positive controls caused an increase in the number of revertants which proved the sensitivity of the test. Therefore, under the conditions of this study, no indications of mutagenic effects of the test substance could be found at doses up to 800 µg/plate in any of the S. typhimurium strains tested.