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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 233-912-4 | CAS number: 10431-98-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 36.7 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 25
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 520 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 916 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
The starting NOAEL is based on the 90-day oral study, therefore, no additional correction for differences between human & experimental exposure conditions is required.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Substance has low toxicity and dose-response curve is not steep.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- Dosing in the selected study was for 90-days
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Not required when converting animal oral exposure to human inhalation exposure.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- No data available to justify alterations to standard factor.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- Standard factor to be applied for workers.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- There are sufficient studies available to indicate data from this study are representative.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No data indicating there should be additional concerns.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- skin irritation/corrosion
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- skin irritation/corrosion
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 5.2 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 100
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 520 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 520 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
The starting NOAEL is based on the 90-day oral study, therefore, no additional correction for differences between human & experimental exposure conditions are required.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- The substance does not have a steep dose response-curve.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- Dosing in the selected study was for 90-days
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Standard factor to extrapolate from rat to human.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Standard factor to account for potential differences in PK.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- Standard factor to account for worker variability.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The database is robust given the number and type of studies available, and consistency of findings
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No additional assessment factors needed.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- skin irritation/corrosion
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- skin irritation/corrosion
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - workers
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 9.05 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 50
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 520 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 452 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
Standard correction factors for oral to inhalation.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- The substance does not have a steep dose-response curve.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- Dosing in the selected study was for 90-days
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Not required when extrapolating from oral studies in rats to inhalation exposure in humans.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Standard adjustment factor.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Standard assessment factor for general population.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The database is robust given the number and type of studies available, and consistency of findings
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No additional assessment factor needed.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- skin irritation/corrosion
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- skin irritation/corrosion
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 2.6 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 200
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 520 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 520 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
Most sensitive starting point is the 90-day oral study & assumed 100% absorption.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Substance does not have a steep dose-response curve.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- Dosing in the selected study was for 90-days
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Standard scaling factor for extrapolating from rats to humans
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Standard factor to account for potential differences in PK.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Standard factor for general population.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The database is robust given the number and type of studies available, and consistency of findings.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No assessment factor needed.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- skin irritation/corrosion
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- skin irritation/corrosion
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 2.6 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 200
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 520 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 520 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
No modification needed due to same dose route and assumed 100% absorption in both species.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- The substance has low oral toxicity and does not have a steep dose-response curve.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- Dosing in the selected study was for 90-days.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Standard assessment factor to extrapolate from rat to human.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Standard assessment factor to account for differences in PK.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Standard assessment factor for the general population.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The database is robust given the number and type of studies available, and consistency of findings.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No additional assessment factor needed.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - General Population
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.