Tall oil, reaction products with diethylenetriamine

Bioaccumulation: aquatic / sediment

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Justification for type of information:

It is considered appropriate to address the data requirements for DTO_DETA by read-across to the available studies on the main components of DTO_DETA: AAI_DETA and Rosin.
DTO_DETA and AAI_DETA are each a mixture of constituents which include monoamide, diamide, residual amine and imidazoline (mono-, di- and tri-condensate) chemical structures. The substances therefore have common functional groups based on amide, amine and imidazoline moieties and are sufficiently similar in terms of chemical structure to support a read-across approach.
DTO_DETA contains comparatively lower levels of imidazolines and higher levels of resin acids than AAI_DETA and therefore consideration of data for resin acids is also considered necessary. The main resin acid in DTO_DETA is abietic acid, but abietic acid derivatives and other acids, such as pimaric acid, are also found in notable quantities, and the resin acids collectively are known as ‘rosin’. DTO_DETA contains upto 25% unreacted rosin, and taking into account the compositional information available for the rosin in DTO_DETA and Rosin (CAS# 8050-09-07, EC# 232-475-7), the latter was considered appropriate for read-across to DTO_DETA. Bioaccumulation studies are available for rosins. It is considered appropriate to read across from information on these two substances to DTO_DETA.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Type:

BCF

Value:

130

Basis:

whole body w.w.

Remarks on result:

other: Neobietic acid / Conc in environment / dose: 0.7 ug/l

Details on results:

Imidazoline DETA
Not relevant

Rosins
Fish exposed to 24ug/L total waterborne free acids retained about 2 mg/kg free and 1 mg/kg conjugated acids during the study (Table 1). There were no detectable levels of free or conjugated acids in fish sampled 4 to 10 d after acid exposure stopped, which prevented their half-lives from being calculated. Nevertheless, based on the <25- to 330-ug/kg concentrations of free and <25to 490 ug/kg concentrations of conjugate acids after 20 days of exposure, and the quantitation limit of 25 ug/kg after 4 d post-exposure, it could be suggested that the half-life for these free and conjugated resin acids would be <4 days in trout. BCF values for the eight detected free acids were highest after 10 d and decreased significantly (P≤ 0.05) thereafter (Table 2). A mean BCF for each free acid was estimated from the 14- and 20-d values. Mean BCF values ranged from about 25 for chlorodehydroabietic acid to 130 for neoabietic acid. The 5-day BCF values for some acids were not significantly different from those at 20 day, but they were not used to estimate mean BCF due to differences at the 10-day sample interval.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

Imidazoline DETA
Despite the fact that the log Kow is measured applying the most appropriate method according to the REACH guidance i.e. the slow stirring method (OECD 123), there is unfortunately no reliable relationship between the measured log Kow and BCF for this type of substances. The predicted low bioaccumulation potential is however supported by the low acute to chronic ratio observed in the long-term daphnia test.

Rosins
Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed to nine resin acids that included abietic, dehydroabietic, chlorodehydroabietic, dichlorodehydroabietic, neoabietic, pimaric, isopimarie, sandaracopimaric, and palustric acids. Bioconcentration factors (BCFs) for these acids ranged from <25 to 130 among fish that were exposed to mean waterborne concentrations of 0.7 to 3.6 ug/L for 20 days. Total free and conjugated acid concentrations ranged from 1 to 3 mg/kg on a wholebody basis. Elimination rates were also monitored over a 10-day deparation period, although no detectable levels were observed. Based on initial chemical concentrations, it was concluded that the half-lives of these acids were < 4 days.
The maximum BCF of 130 is therefore considered appropriate.

Executive summary:

It is considered appropriate to address the data requirements for DTO_DETA by read-across to the available studies on the main components of DTO_DETA: AAI_DETA and Rosin. DTO_DETA and AAI_DETA are each a mixture of constituents which include monoamide, diamide, residual amine and imidazoline (mono-, di- and tri-condensate) chemical structures. The substances therefore have common functional groups based on amide, amine and imidazoline moieties and are sufficiently similar in terms of chemical structure to support a read-across approach. DTO_DETA contains comparatively lower levels of imidazolines and higher levels of resin acids than AAI_DETA and therefore consideration of data for resin acids is also considered necessary. The main resin acid in DTO_DETA is abietic acid, but abietic acid derivatives and other acids, such as pimaric acid, are also found in notable quantities, and the resin acids collectively are known as ‘rosin’. DTO_DETA contains upto 25% unreacted rosin, and taking into account the compositional information available for the rosin in DTO_DETA and Rosin (CAS# 8050-09-07, EC# 232-475-7), the latter was considered appropriate for read-across to DTO_DETA. Bioaccumulation studies are available for rosins. It is considered appropriate to read across from information on these two substances to DTO_DETA.

Description of key information

Imidazoline DETA
A low bioaccumulation potential is indicated by the measured LogKow, 2.2 and the low acute to chronic ratio in the aquatic studies.

Rosins
Measured BCF values for rosin acids range from <25 to 130 for fish. Calculated BCF values range from 3.162 to 56.23 L/kg ww and calculated BAF values range from 1.474 to 694000.
Based on the available data a BCF of 130 L/kg ww is considered appropriate for the assessment.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

BCF (aquatic species):

130 L/kg ww

Additional information

Imidazoline DETA

Alkyl amidoamines/imidazolines are hydrolyzed and biodegraded and it is therefore unlikely that they will accumulate in the food chain. Since there is a log Kow measured using the slow stirring method according to OECD 123, this value used to predict the bioaccumulation potential. Based on this log Kow value of 2.2, the calculated log BCF is 1.24 (BCF = 17.4 EpiSuite v4.0).

Despite the fact that the log Kow is measured applying the most appropriate method according to the REACH guidance i.e. the slow stirring method (OECD 123), there is unfortunately no reliable relationship between the measured log Kow and BCF for this type of substances. The predicted low bioaccumulation potential is however supported by the low acute to chronic ratio observed in the long-term daphnia test.

Rosins

A study is available with measured BCF values for various resin acids. Resin acids are the predominant components of rosin. Therefore it is considered appropriate to read across from resin acids to members of the category Rosin, Hydrogenated rosin and their salts.

 

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed to nine resin acids that included abietic, dehydroabietic, chlorodehydroabietic, dichlorodehydroabietic, neoabietic, pimaric, isopimaric, sandaracopimaric, and palustric acids. Bioconcentration factors (BCFs) for these acids ranged from <25 to 130 among fish that were exposed to mean waterborne concentrations of 0.7 to 3.6µg/L for 20 days. Total free and conjugated acid concentrations ranged from 1 to 3 mg/kg on a whole body basis. Elimination rates were also monitored over a 10-day depuration period, although no detectable levels were observed. Based on initial chemical concentrations, it was concluded that the half-lives of these acids were < 4 days.

 

Bioconcentration/bioaccumulation was also estimated for each category member using QSAR estimation software (EPISUITE BCFBAF v3.00), in accordance with REACH Annex XI. The calculated BCF values ranged from 3.162 to 56.23 L/kg ww. Calculated BAF values ranged from 1.474 to 694000.