Titanium 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylate (2:5)

Short-term toxicity to fish

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

96 hours

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

data from handbook or collection of data

Justification for type of information:

USA EPA data base
Citric acid is common in nature and is found in living tissues.

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)

GLP compliance:

not specified

Remarks:

Information is based on read across.

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Vehicle:

no

Test organisms (species):

Pimephales promelas

Test type:

static

Water media type:

saltwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

> 100 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Conclusions:

No mortality at the highest concentration tested.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

96 hours

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

data from handbook or collection of data

Justification for type of information:

There is evidence that titanium will precipitate out of solution when diluted in hard water to form oxides and hydroxides.
This data on the effects of small particles of TiO2 demonstrates low toxicity to fish.

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Use of very young fish in larval stage

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Nano material used for the test

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

Direct mixing with test media

Test organisms (species):

Oryzias latipes

Details on test organisms:

Common name Japanese medaka
Larval stage 24 to 48h old
Natural lake water used

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Test temperature:

Ca 22 C

pH:

6.7 - 7.8

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal 0 (control), 150, 300, 425, 550, 700 mg/l

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

ca. 155 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Details on results:

The nominal concentration was significantly higher (LC50 ca 300 mg/l) showing loss of test material from the media. This is likely due to precipitation.

Conclusions:

Titanium dioxide is not classified as hazardous to fish and has a nominal solublity in water of < 1 mg/
The test was performed on suspended nanomaterials.

Description of key information

In view of the predicted low toxicity based on titanium and citrate, performing a new animal test was not justified.

The ions are of sufficiently low hazard to be non-classified

Under environmental conditions, diluted titanium citrate will dissociate leading to the formation of insoluble titanium salts such as carbonates, oxide and hydroxide.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water fish

Fresh water fish

Effect concentration:

100 mg/L

Additional information

Figure of 100 mg/l used for CSA