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Ecotoxicological information

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

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Endpoint:
short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
Deviations:
no
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)
Deviations:
no
GLP compliance:
yes
Specific details on test material used for the study:
TSN 100010
XDE-795
Purity: 98.7%
Analytical monitoring:
yes
Details on sampling:
Analytical standards were prepared in solutions of dimethylformamide/ daphnid dilution water (20%/80%) at concentrations encompassing the nominal concentration range of the test solutions and were analyzed with each set of samples to calibrate the detector response. Test solutions were sampled, centrifuged for 30 minutes at 4000 rpm, and analyzed on each day of the study (days 0, 1, and 2). On days 0 and 2 each individual replicate test beaker was sampled and analyzed. On day 1 composite samples were prepared from both the 24-h old (day 0) test solutions and from the renewal test solutions and analyzed. Samples were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC/UV). Since samples were centrifuged, the soluble fraction of the total XDE-795 was selectively determined in these analyses. The amount of XDE-795 was calculated using the average peak response from duplicate injections of each test sample and the response factor ratio of the appropriate standard.
Vehicle:
yes
Remarks:
acetone
Details on test solutions:
Test vessels were 250 mL borosilicate glass beakers containing 200 mL of test solution or dilution water, and were covered with watch glasses to reduce evaporation. Each test vessel was labeled with a unique number for identification purposes.

In the definitive test 30 instars (three replicates; 10 instars/replicate) were exposed to each toxicant concentration and controls. As the test material is immiscible in water, a carrier solvent, acetone, was used to prepare an initial stock solution. The test concentrations did not exceed the maximum limit of 0.5 ml acetone/L or 0.1 mL acetone/200mL. A carrier solvent control was also set. Based on the range-finding test results the nominal concentrations set in the definitive test were 0.0161, 0.0321, 0.0642, 0.128, 0.257, 0.513, and 1.030 mg/L. Test solutions were renewed and daphnids transfered to the new solutions after 24 hours exposure.
Test organisms (species):
Daphnia magna
Details on test organisms:
TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Daphnia magna Straus
- Source: laboratory stock
- Age: <24 hours
Test type:
other: static renewal at 24 hours
Water media type:
freshwater
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
48 h
Hardness:
168mg/L
Test temperature:
20 ±1°C
pH:
7.6
Dissolved oxygen:
8.0-8.6 (> 90% saturation)
Conductivity:
460 umhos / cm
Nominal and measured concentrations:
Nominal: 0.016,0.032,0.064,0.128,0.257, 0.513 and 1.030 mg/L and acetone and daphnid dilution water controls
Measured: 0.014,0.030,0.060,0.118,0.228, 0.312 and 0.228 mg/L and acetone and daphnid dilution water controls
Details on test conditions:
TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 250 mL borosilicate beakers
- Test volume: 200 mL
- No. of organisms per vessel: 30 (3 replicates/treatment;10 organisms/replicate)

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod:16-h light/B-h dark

Key result
Duration:
48 h
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
0.08 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (not specified)
Basis for effect:
mortality
Details on results:
The acute (48 hour) LC50 for daphnids was 0.09 mg/L. Sublethal effects were noted at dose levels greater than or equal to 0.06 mg/L and the no observed effect concentration was 0.030 mg/L. Dose-related mortality was observed from 0.060 through the highest dose tested. The dose-response relationship was erratic between the 0.228, 0.118 and 0.060 mg/L analyzed concentration levels with high to intermediate mortality (30/30 and 18/30) observed in the 0.228 and 0.060 mg/L dose groups, respectively, and low mortality (4/30) observed in the 0.118 mg/L dose group. This anomaly cannot be readily explained.
Validity criteria fulfilled:
yes
Conclusions:
48-hr EC50 (daphnia magna) = 0.08 mg/L
Executive summary:

The test substance was tested for its acute toxicity to the cladoceran, Daphnia magna Straus. The objective was to provide an estimate of the 48-hour toxicity of XDE-795 fungicide. The nominal dose levels used to set the test were 0.016, 0.032, 0.064, 0.128, 0.257, 0.513, and 1.030 mg/L. These levels corresponded to analyzed chemical concentrations of 0.014,0.030,0.060,0.118,0.228,0.312, and 0.228 mg/L. The nominal dose levels of 0.128, 0.257, 0.513 and 1.030 mg/L exceeded the reported aqueous solubility of XDE-795 (0.116 mg/L at ambient room temperature). An acetone and daphnid dilution water control were also included in the study. The study was conducted according to OECD guideline 202 and EC Method C.2

In order to statistically evaluate the data and estimate the 24 and 48 hour EC50 and LC50 values, the results from the 1.030 mg/L nominal concentration were excluded from the analysis since the soluble concentration (0.228 mg/L) was less than that of the next lower concentration (0.312 mg/L). The 24-h LC50 was 0.28 mg/L and the 24-h EC50 was 0.13 mg/L. The 48- h LC50 was 0.09 mg/L and the 48-h EC50 was 0.08 mg/L. Lethal effects and sublethal effects (immobility) were evident from 0.060 mg/L through the highest dose tested (analyzed concentration). Therefore, the lowest-Iethal-effect-concentration (LLEC) and the lowest adverse effect concentration (LAEC) were 0.060 mg/L. The no observed effect concentration (NOEC) was 0.030 mg/L.

Endpoint:
short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
supporting study
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
EPA OPP 72-3 (Estuarine/Marine Fish, Mollusk, or Shrimp Acute Toxicity Test)
Deviations:
no
GLP compliance:
yes
Specific details on test material used for the study:
Quinoxyfen (XDE-795) Technical
TSN 100097
Purity: 97.4%
Analytical monitoring:
yes
Vehicle:
yes
Remarks:
Dimethyl formamide (DMF)
Test organisms (species):
Americamysis bahia (previous name: Mysidopsis bahia)
Test type:
flow-through
Water media type:
saltwater
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
96 h
Test temperature:
22.1 – 22.5 °C
pH:
7.8 - 8.0
Dissolved oxygen:
6.4 - 7.7 mh/L
Salinity:
11-17 ppt
Nominal and measured concentrations:
Nominal: 0 (control and solvent control), 13, 22, 36, 60, and 100 µg/L.
Measured: NO (none detected at or above the limit of quantitation of 0.298 µg/L; control and solvent control), 11.6, 19.9, 31.8, 51.2, and 90.0 µg/L.
Key result
Duration:
96 h
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
79.2 µg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (not specified)
Duration:
96 h
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
31.8 µg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (not specified)

Ninety-five to one hundred percent survival occurred in the control and solvent control, and no sublethal effects were noted in the controls during the exposure period. Mysids exhibiting lethargy and/or erratic swimming were observed in test vessels with mean measured concentrations of 51.2 µg/L at 24, 48, and 96 hours, and 90.0 µg/L at 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours. At the conclusion of the test the control mysids had an average wet weight of 0.22 mg (loading rate was 0.00015 g/L at any time and 0.000022 g/L 24 hours).

Validity criteria fulfilled:
yes
Conclusions:
96-hr LC50 (mysid) = 79.2 µg/L
96-hr NOEC (mysid) = 31.8 µg/L
Executive summary:

The acute toxicity of the test substance to the mysid, Americamysis bahia, was conducted according to EPA OPP 7203. The test was performed under flow-through conditions with five concentrations of test substance, a dilution water control, and a solvent control (0.10 mL/L dimethylformamide) at a mean temperature of 22.4 °C. The dilution water was natural seawater collected at T.R. Wilbury Laboratories in Marblehead, Massachusetts, and adjusted to a salinity of 11 to 17 parts per thousand (ppt) with deionized water. Juvenile mysids used in the test were obtained from an in-house culture. They were less than 24 hours old and in good condition at the beginning of the study. Nominal concentrations of were 0 µg/L (control and solvent control), 13, 22, 36, 60, and 100 µg/L. Mean measured concentrations were ND (none detected at or above the limit of quantitation of 0.298 µg/L; control and solvent control), 11.6, 19.9, 31.8, 51.2, and 90.0 µg/L.

Exposure of the mysid, Americamysis bahia, to the test substance resulted in a 96-hour median lethal concentration (LC50) of 79.2 µg/L, with a 95% confidence interval of 59.7 to >90.0 µg/L. The 96-hour no-observed effect concentration (NOEC) was 31.8 µg/L.

Description of key information

48-hour EC50 (Daphnia magna): 0.08 mg/L; OECD 202; Reliability = 1

96-hour EC50 (Americamysis bahia): 79.2 µg/L; EPA OPP 72-3; Reliability = 1

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water invertebrates

Fresh water invertebrates
Effect concentration:
0.08 mg/L

Marine water invertebrates

Marine water invertebrates
Effect concentration:
79.2 µg/L

Additional information

Acute aquatic invertebrate tests were conducted in one freshwater species and one marine species. The 48-h EC50 value in Daphnia magna is 0.08 mg/L. Marine species tested Americamysis bahia observed a 96-h EC50 value of 79.2 µg/L. The most sensitive acute 48h EC50 for freshwater aquatic invertebrates is less than 1 mg/L.