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EC number: 821-451-7 | CAS number: 78920-10-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 03 September 2018 - 07 December 2018
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 019
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2004
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 5-hydroxy-4-propyl-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-one
- Cas Number:
- 78920-10-2
- Molecular formula:
- C7H10O3
- IUPAC Name:
- 5-hydroxy-4-propyl-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-one
- Test material form:
- liquid: viscous
- Details on test material:
- - Appearance: Brown viscous liquid
- Storage condition of test material: At room temperature
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: all test concentrations and the control
- Sampling method: 1.8 mL from the approximate centre of the test vessels, at t=0 h and t=48 h.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: Samples were stored in a freezer (≤-15°C) until analysis at the analytical laboratory of the Test Facility.
- At the end of the exposure period, the replicates were pooled at each concentration before sampling.
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: Direct addition to test medium. The test solution with highest concentration of 100 mg/L (corrected for purity) (in the combined limit/range-finding test and 2nd full test) and 1.0 mg/L (in the 1st full test) was prepared by applying one day of magnetic stirring to accelerate dissolution of the test item in medium. Lower test concentrations were prepared by subsequent dilutions of the highest concentration in test medium. All test solutions were clear and colorless at the end of the preparation procedure.
- Controls: Test medium without test item or other additives.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Daphnia magna
- Strain/clone: Straus 1820
- Age at study initiation: <24 hours
- Source: In-house laboratory culture with a known history
- Method of breeding: cyclical parthenogenesis under specified breeding conditions
- Age of parental stock: >2 weeks
- Feeding during test: no
- Validity of batch: Daphnids originated from a healthy stock, 2nd to 5th brood, showing no signs of stress such as mortality >20%, presence of males, ephippia or discoloured animals and there was no delay in the production of the first brood.
CULTIVATION
- Start of each batch: With newborn daphnids, i.e. less than 3 days old, by placing about 250 of them into 5 litres of M7 medium in an all-glass culture vessel.
- Maximum age of the cultures: 4 weeks
- Renewal of the cultures: After 7 days of cultivation half of the medium twice a week.
- Temperature of medium: 18-22°C
- Feeding: Daily, a suspension of fresh water algae.
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- 180 mg/L (expressed as CaCO3)
- Test temperature:
- 19°C
- pH:
- At t = 0 h: 7.2-8.0
At t = 48 h: 7.6-8.3 - Dissolved oxygen:
- At t = 0 h: 8.7-9.6 mg/L
At t = 48 h: 9.1-9.2 mg/L - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Only relevant concentrations from the 2nd full (final) test are reported here.
Nominal concentrations: 0.032, 0.10, 0.32, 1.0, 3.2, 10, 32, 100 mg/L
Measured concentrations: 0.0324, 0.112, 0.366, 1.15, 3.68, 11.2, 35.9, 110 mg/L at start of the test (101-115% relative to nominal) and concentrations remained remained stable throughout the test. Based on these results, effect parameters were expressed in terms of analytically confirmed nominal concentrations.
See Table 1 in 'Any other information on results' for more details on measured concentrations. - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 60 mL, all-glass, with 50 mL test solution
- Aeration: no
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
- Introduction of daphnids: 39 minutes after preparation of the test solutions.
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Adjusted ISO medium (prepared with water purified by reverse osmosis)
- Culture medium different from test medium: yes, M7
- Intervals of water quality measurement: Dissolved oxygen and pH: at beginning and end of the test, for all concentrations and the control. Temperature: continuously in a temperature control vessel, beginning at the start of the test.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 16 h daily
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED
- Immobility (including mortality): At 24 hours and at 48 hours.
COMBINED LIMIT/RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: 0.1, 1.0, 10 and 100 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: yes, the expected EC50 was around nominally 0.1 mg/L - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate (performed Nov 2018)
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 0.12 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% confidence interval: 0.080 - 0.17 mg/L
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 0.21 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% confidence interval: 0.14 - 0.33 mg/L
- Details on results:
- - Behavioural abnormalities: none reported
- Mortality of control: none
- All water quality parameters remained within the requirements as laid down in the study plan throughout the test.
- No immobility was observed in the control group throughout the test. At the end of the test, a dose-related increase of immobility was observed at all concentrations tested, up to total immobility at analytically confirmed nominal concentrations of 1.0 mg/L and higher. These results were in agreement with the results of the combined limit/range-finding test. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- The 48h-EC50 was 0.40 mg/L with a 95% confidence interval between 0.33 and 0.48 mg/L.
The actual responses in this reference test with K2Cr2O7 were generally within the ranges of the expected responses at the different concentrations, i.e. the 48h-EC50 was between 0.28 and 0.90 mg/L. Hence, the sensitivity of this batch of D. magna was in agreement with the historical data collected at the Test Facility. - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The EC50 values were calculated from the probits of the percentages of affected daphnids and the logarithms of the corresponding analytically confirmed nominal test item concentrations using the maximum likelihood estimation method.
ToxRat Professional v 3.2.1 (ToxRat Solutions® GmbH, Germany) was used to perform the analysis.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1: 2nd Full (Final) Test: Test Samples
Time of sampling |
Concentration |
Relative to nominal |
Relative to initial |
|
Nominal |
Analyzed |
|||
0 |
0 |
n.d. |
n.a. |
|
|
0.032 |
0.0324 |
101 |
|
|
0.10 |
0.112 |
112 |
|
|
0.32 |
0.366 |
114 |
|
|
1.0 |
1.15 |
115 |
|
|
3.2 |
3.68 |
115 |
|
|
10 |
11.2 |
112 |
|
|
32 |
35.9 |
112 |
|
|
100 |
110 |
110 |
|
48 |
0 |
n.d. |
n.a. |
n.a. |
|
0.032 |
0.0334 |
104 |
103 |
|
0.10 |
0.108 |
108 |
96 |
|
0.32 |
0.359 |
112 |
98 |
|
1.0 |
1.09 |
109 |
95 |
|
3.2 |
3.50 |
109 |
95 |
|
10 |
11.1 |
111 |
99 |
|
32 |
35.2 |
110 |
98 |
|
100 |
107 |
107 |
97 |
n.d. Not detected.
n.a. Not applicable.
Table 2: Number of Introduced Daphnids and Incidence of Immobility in the 2nd Full (Final) Test
Time (h) |
Replicate |
|
|
Nominal conc. (mg/L) |
||||||||
Control |
0.032 |
0.10 |
0.32 |
1.0 |
3.2 |
10 |
32 |
100 |
||||
0 |
A |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
||
B |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
|||
C |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
|||
D |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
|||
Total introduced |
20 |
20 |
20 |
20 |
20 |
20 |
20 |
20 |
20 |
|||
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
24 |
A |
0 |
0 |
5 |
2 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
||
B |
0 |
1 |
1 |
4 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
|||
C |
0 |
0 |
1 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
|||
D |
0 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
4 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
|||
Total immobilised |
0 |
2 |
9 |
10 |
18 |
20 |
20 |
20 |
20 |
|||
Effect % |
0 |
10 |
45 |
50 |
90 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
48 |
A |
0 |
0 |
5 |
4 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
||
B |
0 |
1 |
2 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
|||
C |
0 |
0 |
1 |
4 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
|||
D |
0 |
2 |
2 |
4 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
|||
Total immobilised |
0 |
3 |
10 |
17 |
20 |
20 |
20 |
20 |
20 |
|||
Effect % |
0 |
15 |
50 |
85 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- see section 'Overall remarks'
- Conclusions:
- 48h-EC50 for Daphnia magna exposed to the substance was 0.12 mg/L based on analytically confirmed, purity corrected nominal concentrations (95% confidence interval between 0.080 and 0.17 mg/L).
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