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Physical & Chemical properties

Flammability

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Endpoint:
flammable solids
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
2021-01-19 to 2021-01-19
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
UN Manual of Tests and Criteria: Test N.1 (Test method for readily combustible solids)
Version / remarks:
2019
Deviations:
no
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Key result
Test procedure:
burning rate test: preliminary screening test
Remarks on result:
substance does not ignite and propagate combustion either by burning with flame or smouldering along 200 mm of the powder train within the 2 minutes test period
Interpretation of results:
not classified based on GHS criteria
Conclusions:
The test item did not ignite at room temperature using a flame as ignition source being applied for at least 2 minutes. The test item melted.
Executive summary:

A study was conducted according to UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, Seventh revised edition, Test N.1. Therefore, the test item was formed into a powder train. It was ignited by a gas flame and the burning rate is determined. The test item did not ignite at room temperature using a flame as ignition source being applied for at least 2 minutes. The test item melted. As the preliminary test the test item could not be ignited by a flame, the performance of the main test was not necessary.

Endpoint:
substances / mixtures which in contact with water emit flammable gases
Data waiving:
study scientifically not necessary / other information available
Justification for data waiving:
the study does not need to be conducted because the experience in production or handling shows that the substance does not react with water, e.g. the substance is manufactured with water or washed with water
Endpoint:
pyrophoric solids
Data waiving:
study scientifically not necessary / other information available
Justification for data waiving:
the study does not need to be conducted because the substance is known to be stable in contact with air at room temperature for prolonged periods of time (days) and hence, the classification procedure does not need to be applied
Endpoint:
self-heating substances / mixtures
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
2021-01-19 to 2021-01-20
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
reference to same study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
UN Manual of Tests and Criteria: Test N.4 (Test method for self-heating substances)
Version / remarks:
2019
Deviations:
no
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
other: VDI guideline 2263, Part 1, 1990: Test Methods for the Determination of the Safety Characteristic of Dusts, 1.4.1 Test according to Grewer
Version / remarks:
1990
Deviations:
no
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Key result
Test procedure:
100 mm sample cube at 140°C
Result:
negative outcome (no effect observed)

In the investigation of self-ignition in the Grewer Oven for the pure test item an endothermic process was detected in the temperature range of 180 to 220 °C. No exothermic effect could be detected up to the maximum test temperature of 410 °C. A black foamed residue remained in the wire basket after the test.

For the test item in mixture with Kieselguhr also an endothermic process was detected in the temperature range of 190 to 230 °C. Here, an exothermic effect was observed from around 230 °C, which led to a maximum temperature of approx. 610 °C (340 °C above the corresponding temperature of the reference material).

The table below summarizes the results of the Grewer Oven experiment.

Experiment

Onset self- ignition / °C

Maximum temperature / °C

Pure test item

-

-

Test item in mixture with Kieselguhr (1:1)

Approx.. 230

610

The pure test item indicated no self-ignition at atmospheric pressure.

Interpretation of results:
GHS criteria not met
Conclusions:
The test item does not have to be classified as self-heating substance.
Executive summary:

A study was conducted to determine the self-ignition of the test item according to VDI 2263 Sheet 1 Grewer Oven (1990). In the investigation of self-ignition in the Grewer Oven for the pure test item an endothermic process was detected in the temperature range of 180 to 220 °C. No exothermic effect could be detected up to the maximum test temperature of 410 °C. A black foamed residue remained in the wire basket after the test. It can be assumed that the test item would not indicate a self-heating up to a temperature of 140 °C in a 1 L wire basket. Therefore, the test item does not have to be classified as self-heating substance.

Endpoint:
flammable gases
Data waiving:
study technically not feasible
Justification for data waiving:
the study does not need to be conducted because the substance is a solid
Endpoint:
pyrophoric liquids
Data waiving:
study technically not feasible
Justification for data waiving:
the study does not need to be conducted because the substance is a solid

Description of key information

The substance has not to be classified as flammable gas, flammable liquid, flammable solid, flammable in contact with water, flammable aerosol, pyrophoric solid, pyrophoric liquid or self-heating substance.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Flammability:
not classified

Additional information

Flammable gases (reference 4.13-2)

The test item is a solid at ambient conditions. This hazard class is only applicable for gases. Thus, the substance was not considered for classification as flammable gas.

 

Flammable liquid (reference 4.11-1)

The test item is a solid at ambient conditions. This hazard class is only applicable for liquids. Thus, the substance was not considered for classification as flammable liquid.

 

Flammable solids (reference 4.13-1)

A study was conducted according to UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, Seventh revised edition, Test N.1. Therefore, the test item was formed into a powder train. It was ignited by a gas flame and the burning rate is determined. The test item did not ignite at room temperature using a flame as ignition source being applied for at least 2 minutes. The test item melted. As the preliminary test the test item could not be ignited by a flame, the performance of the main test was not necessary. Hence, the test item is not a highly flammable solid according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP), as amended for the fifteenth time in Regulation (EU) No 2020/1182, and UN GHS Rev 8 (2019).

 

Pyrophoric liquids (reference 4.13-3)

The test item is a solid at ambient conditions. This hazard class is only applicable for liquids. Thus, the substance was not considered for classification as flammable liquid.

 

Pyrophoric solids (reference 4.13-4)

In accordance with section 2.10.4 Annex I of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 and ECHA guidance on the application of CLP Criteria section 2.10.4.1 the classification procedure for pyrophoric solids need not to be applied when experience in manufacture or handling shows that the solid does not ignite spontaneously on coming into contact with air at normal temperatures (i.e. the solid is known to be stable at room temperature for prolonged periods of time (days)). Based on the experience in handling and use the substance is not known to ignite spontaneously when coming into contact with air at normal temperatures. Thus, no study was conducted and the substance was not considered for classification as pyrophoric solid.

 

Self-heating substances and mixtures (reference 4.13-5)

A study was conducted to determine the self-ignition of the test item according to VDI 2263 Sheet 1 Grewer Oven (1990). In the investigation of self-ignition in the Grewer Oven for the pure test item an endothermic process was detected in the temperature range of 180 to 220 °C. No exothermic effect could be detected up to the maximum test temperature of 410 °C. A black foamed residue remained in the wire basket after the test. It can be assumed that the test item would not indicate a self-heating up to a temperature of 140 °C in a 1 L wire basket. Therefore, the test item does not have to be classified as self-heating substance.

 

Substances which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases (reference 4.13-6)

In accordance with column 2 of REACH Annex VI and with Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 Annex I section 2.12.4 and ECHA guidance on the application of CLP Criteria section 2.12.4.2 the classification procedure for this hazard class need not to be applied. Based on the experience in handling and use the substance does not react with water and in addition the test substance is not pyrophoric. Thus, no study was conducted and the substance was not considered for classification.

 

Flammable Aerosols

Section 2.4.2 of Guidance on the application on the CLP Criteria state as follows: “Aerosols, this means aerosol dispensers, are any non-refillable receptacles made of metal, glass or plastics and containing a gas compressed, liquefied or dissolved under pressure, with or without a liquid, paste or powder, and fitted with a release device allowing the contents to be ejected as solid or liquid particles in suspension in a gas, as a foam, paste or powder or in a liquid state or in a gaseous state." Thus, as the substance does not meet the definition for aerosol, the test for aerosols was waived. Consequently the substance has not to be considered for classification for this hazard class.

 

In conclusion, the substance have not to be considered as flammable gas, flammable liquid, flammable solid, flammable in contact with water, flammable aerosol, pyrophoric solid, pyrophoric liquid or self-heating substance.

Justification for classification or non-classification

Classification, Labelling, and Packaging Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008

In accordance with Annex I Section 2.2, Section 2.3, Section 2.7, Section 2.9, Section 2.10 Section 2.11, Section 2.12 of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, as amended for fifteenth time in Regulation (EU) 2020/1182, and UN GHS Rev 7 (2017) the test item has not to be classified as, readily combustible solid in class 4 Division 4.1, flammable liquid, self-heating substance in Class 4 Division 4.2, substances which in contact with water emit flammable gases in Class 4 Division 4.3, pyrophoric liquid, pyrophoric solid in class 4 Division 4.2, flammable gases in class 2 or as aerosol in class 2.