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Ecotoxicological information

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria

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Reference
Endpoint:
toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
08 Dec - 12 Dec 1997
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study with acceptable restrictions
Remarks:
Slight deviations from current guideline: Age of inoculum (at test initiation): 5 days (instead of 2-4 days), light intensity and quality: 4300 lux (instead of 4440-8880 lux), this deviation is not considered to impact the outcome of the study; not all validity criteria fullfillments can be concluded
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
Version / remarks:
adopted in 1989
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
other: ISO/DIS 14442, adopted in 1998
GLP compliance:
yes
Analytical monitoring:
yes
Details on sampling:
- Concentrations: all replicate test concentrations were analyzed at test start and after 96 h
- Sampling method: Samples taken at initiation were taken directly from each parent test solution after adequate mixing and prior to the addition of algae. Samples taken at termination were composited from all replicates within a treatment.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: All samples were immediately analyzed.
Vehicle:
yes
Details on test solutions:
A primary stock solution was prepared at a nominal concentration of 10.0 mg/mL by weighing 100.1 mg of test substance, mixing it with acetone in a 10 ml volumetric flask, and bringing it to final volume with acetone. No precipitate was visible following stock preparation. The primary stock solution was used to prepare each of the nominal concentrations by appropriate dilutions.
Test organisms (species):
Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
Details on test organisms:
TEST ORGANISM
- Strain: 1648
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): University of Texas
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation): 5 days old, log phase, cell density 5.6E06
- Method of cultivation: Flask culture, 24.8 - 25.1 °C, continuous light at approx. 4.300 ± 645 lux

CULTURE
- Culture conditions (same as test or not): same as test
Test type:
static
Water media type:
freshwater
Limit test:
yes
Total exposure duration:
96 h
Hardness:
No details in report given, standard AAP medium was used.
Test temperature:
24.8 - 25.6 °C
pH:
7 - 7.7
Dissolved oxygen:
6.9 - 8.0 mg/L
83 - 96% saturation
Nominal and measured concentrations:
nominal: 1.0 mg/L
measured at test start: 1.26 mg/L (maximum solubility)
measured at test end: < 0.026 mg/L (below detection limit)
The measured concentration of AE F122006 indicated that solubility was achieved at test initiation, however due to rapid hydrolysis of AE F122006, the concentration was not detected at test termination. All toxicity values were calculated based on the analyzed concentration of the test substance added to the test water at test initiation.
Details on test conditions:
TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Erlenmeyer flasks with a total volume of 250 mL
- Material, fill volume: glass, 100 mL
- Initial cells density: 1.0E04 cells/mL
- Control end cells density: 1,73E06 cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): 6

GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes, AAP medium

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: deionized well water
- Total organic carbon: < 1.0 mg/L
- Particulate matter: < 9.0 mg/L
- Metals (mg/L): Ba 0.21; Ca 25.8; Fe 0.21; Mg 3.51; Mn 0.031; K 2.31; Na 6.01; Cu 0.005; 18 other metals were shown to be below detection limit
- Pesticides: all 34 pesticides analyzed were below detection limit
- Chloride: 8.6 mg/L
- Conductivity: 150 µmhos/cm
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
- Intervals of water quality measurement: Temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and conductivity were measured at test start and at test end.

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: yes
- Adjustment of pH: The pH of the medium was adjusted to 7.5 ± 0.1 with 0.1 N hydrochloric acid before use in the study
- Shaking: The shaker table rotated at approximately 100 oscillations per minute
- Photoperiod: continuous light
- Light intensity and quality: 4,300 lux ± 15%, cool white fluorescence bulbs

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell concentrations: with counting chamber after 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h

TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: no effects were observed in the control or any treatment level during the preliminary study
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
> 1.26 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (initial)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
growth rate
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
>= 1.26 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (initial)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
growth rate
Details on results:
- Results of the solvent control: -2 to -3% inhibition for specific growth rate and -12 to -21% inhibition for biomass
- Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes, increase factor > 16
- The concentration of 1.26 mg/L measured at test start represents the maximum solubility of the test substance

Table 1: Inhibition (%) based on biomass and specific growth rate by comparison of 1 mg/L nominal to the pooled control

 

24 h

48 h

72 h

96 h

Biomass in cells/mL (% inhibition)

22

14

16

7

Specific growth rate µ (% inhibition)

21

3

4

-1

Table 2: Validity criteria for OECD 201.

Criterion from the guideline

Outcome

Validity criterion fulfilled

The biomass in the control cultures should have increased exponentially by a factor of at least 16 within the 72-hour test period.

 Control: 40.5 (72 h)

Solvent control: 35.2 (72 h) 

Control: 177 (96 h)

Solvent control: 168 (96 h)

Pooled control (72 h):  37.9

Pooled control (96 h): 172.8

 yes*

The mean coefficient of variation for section-by-section specific growth rates (days 0-1, 1-2 and 2-3, for 72-hour tests) in the control cultures must not exceed 35%

  Control: 45.7% (72 h)

Solvent control: 29.5%(72 h) 

Control: 38.2% (96 h)

Solvent control: 28.5% (96 h) 

Pooled control (72 h): 37.6%

Pooled control (96 h): 33. 3%

 Yes*

The coefficient of variation of average specific growth rates during the whole test period in replicate control cultures must not exceed 7% in tests with Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Desmodesmus subspicatus. For other less frequently tested species, the value should not exceed 10%.

 Control: 12.8% (72 h)

Solvent control: 9.7% (72 h) 

Control: 8.7% (96 h)

Solvent control: 6.9% (96 h) 

Pooled control (72 h): 11.0%

Pooled control (96 h): 7.5%

 No*

* based on 96 h results for the pooled control

Validity criteria fulfilled:
no
Remarks:
For further details please refer to table 2 at “Any other information on results incl. tables”.

Description of key information

EC50 (72 h): > 1.26 mg/L (initial measured, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, OECD 201)

NOEC (72 h): ≥ 1.26 mg/L (initial measured, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, OECD 201)

No acute toxic effects were observed at the maximum solubility of the test substance. However, the test substance degraded completely during the course of the study.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Additional information

One short term limit test with Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata according to OECD 201 and GLP is available. In the static test system, the concentration of the test item was shown to be 1.26 mg/L at test start (maximum solubility under the tested conditions) and below the detection limit of 0.026 mg/L at test end after 96 h. Under these conditions, no toxic effect on P. subcapitata was observed. It can be concluded that the substance hydrolyses during the study period and the algae were also exposed to the hydrolysis products.