4,4'-sulfonylbisphenol, polymer with ammonium chloride(NH4Cl), pentachlorophosphorane and phenol

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

27 February - 20 March 2001

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: The study has been performed according to OECD and EC guidelines and according to GLP principles.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

ISO 8692 (Water Quality - Fresh Water Algal Growth Inhibition Test with Scenedesmus subspicatus and Selenastrum capricornutum)

Version / remarks:

(1989)

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)

Version / remarks:

(1992)

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)

Version / remarks:

(1984)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

- Concentrations: 0 and 100 mg/L (with and without algae)
- Sampling method
Frequency: at t=0 h, t=24 h and t=72 h
Volume: 10 ml
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: stored in a freezer (stability of samples during storage not confirmed)

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

- Method:
Preparation started with a supersaturated solution at nominally 100 mg/l (not specified if prepared in test medium). This supersaturated solution was stirred for four days to ensure reaching maximum solubility. Then, the solution was filtered through a paper filter (Schleicher and Schuell 604) to remove the larger undissolved test substance particles (ca. > 5 µm). The lower concentrations were prepared by subsequent dilutions of the filtrate in test medium.

- Control: With test medium only

- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc): No

Test organisms (species):

Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Strain: CCAP 278/4
- Source: In-house culture
- Pre-culture: 4 days before the start of the test, cells from the algal stock culture were inoculated in culture medium and maintained under the same conditions as used in the test.

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

72 h

Hardness:

24 mg CaCO3/L

Test temperature:

22-23 °C

pH:

0 (control): 8.1 at t=0 h and 10 at t=72 h
100 mg/L (100% filtrate): 7.9 at t=0 h and 9.8 at t=72 h

The pH increased by more than 1.5 unit, but this was related to a relative high rate of algal growth. Moreover, the cell density in controls increased normally (average factor >16 within 3 days). Hence, this deviation did not affect the validity criterion for algal growth.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

- Nominal: 0 (control); 0.1; 1; 10 and 100 % of a filtrate prepared at 100 mg/L
- Measured in 100 mg/L (100% filtrate) test concentration
At 0 h (with /without algae):
Component 1 – 0.095/0.128 mg/L
Component 2 - <0.06/0.096 mg/L
Component 3 -0.675/<0.19 mg/L

At 24 h (with /without algae):
Component 1 – 0.048/0.027 mg/L
Component 2 - <0.06/<0.06 mg/L
Component 3 - <0.19/<0.19 mg/L

At 72 h (with /without algae):
Component 1 – 0.049/0.035 mg/L
Component 2 - <0.06/<0.06 mg/L
Component 3 - <0.19/<0.19 mg/L

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 100 ml, all-glass
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: All-glass , with 100 ml capacity filled with 50 ml of test solution
- Aeration: None
- Initial cells density: 1.0x10^4 cells/ml
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3, except for the highest concnetration where 6 were used
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6

GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes, M2-medium was used

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: tap water purified by reverse osmosis and then passed over activated carbon and ion-exchange cartridges.
- Culture medium different from test medium: No
- Intervals of water quality measurement
pH: at the beginning and at the end of the test
Temperature: Every day

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: Continuously
- Light intensity and quality: 96-123 µE.m^-2.s^-1, using TLD-lamps of the type "Cool-white" of 30 Watt

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell concentrations: At the beginning of the test a counting chamber was used. Thereafter cell concentrations were measured spectrophotometrically

TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: x10

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

Potassium dichromate

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Basis for effect:

growth rate

Remarks on result:

other: No acute toxicity up to solubility limit

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Basis for effect:

growth rate

Remarks on result:

other: No acute toxicity up to solubility limit

Details on results:

- No inhibition of cell growth or reduction of growth rate was recorded at a 5 µm filtered solution prepared at a nominal test substance loading of 100 mg/L.

Results with reference substance (positive control):

- Potassium dichromate 72 h ErC50 was 1.1 mg/L (95% confidence interval 0.71-1.7 mg/L). This value was slightly higher that the upper limit of ISO standard range (1.03 mg/L). However, the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval was still within the ISO standard range.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

Under the conditions of this present test, the test substance did not inhibited cell growth or reduced growth rate was observed at a 5 µM filtered solution prepared at a nominal loading of 100 mg SPS-100/L. Therefore, it was concluded that no toxicity was observed up to solubility limit.

Executive summary:

In a 72 h acute toxicity study, freshwater algae (Selenastrum capricornutum) were exposed to SPS-100 at: 0 (control); 0.1; 1; 10 and 100% of a filtrate prepared at a nominal loading rate of 100 mg/L.

The EC50 for both algal growth inhibition and growth rate reduction exceeded the maximum water solubility of the test substance at a 5 µm filtered test solution prepared at a nominal loading of 100 mg/L. Hence, as a consequence of the extremely low solubility of the test substance in water, concentration levels that might be toxic for algae could not be reached. Therefore, it was concluded that no toxicity was observed up to solubility limit.

The present toxicity study is classified as reliable without restrictions according to the OECD guideline Nr. 201.

Description of key information

A 72-h toxicity study freshwater algae (Selenastrum capricornutum) were exposed to SPS-100. The EC50 for both algal growth inhibition and growth rate reduction exceeded the maximum solubility of the test substance. Therefore, it was concluded that the test substance it is not acutely toxic up to the solubility limit. The present toxicity study is classified as reliable without restrictions according to the OECD guideline No. 201.

Additional information

In a 72 h toxicity study, freshwater algae (Selenastrum capricornutum) were exposed to SPS-100 at: 0 (control); 0.1; 1; 10 and 100% of a filtrate (5 µm) prepared at a nominal loading rate of 100 mg/L. The EC50 for both algal growth inhibition and growth rate reduction exceeded the maximum solubility of the substance. Hence, as a consequence of the extremely low solubility of the substance, concentration levels that might be toxic for algae could not be reached. Therefore, it was concluded that the test substance it is not acutely toxic up to the solubility limit. The present toxicity study is classified as reliable without restrictions according to the OECD guideline No. 201.