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EC number: 224-644-9 | CAS number: 4435-53-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Direct observations: clinical cases, poisoning incidents and other
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- direct observations: clinical cases, poisoning incidents and other
- Type of information:
- other: data on putative metabolite
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Non GLP, non-guideline, human experimental study, published in peer reviewed literature, minor restrictions in design but otherwise adequate for assessment.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Sodium acetate induces a metabolic alkalosis but not the increase in fatty acid oxidation observed following bicarbonate ingestion in humans
- Author:
- Smith GI, Jeukendrup AE and Ball D
- Year:
- 2 007
- Bibliographic source:
- J. Nutr. 137:1750-1756
Materials and methods
- Study type:
- study with volunteers
- Endpoint addressed:
- basic toxicokinetics
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The rate of oxidation of exogenous acetate was determined in human volunteers.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Sodium acetate
- EC Number:
- 204-823-8
- EC Name:
- Sodium acetate
- Cas Number:
- 127-09-3
- Molecular formula:
- C2H4O2.Na
- IUPAC Name:
- sodium acetate
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test materials (as cited in study report):
Sodium acetate / NaAc (trihydrate)
- Physical state: not reported
- Analytical purity: not reported
- Impurities (identity and concentrations): not reported
- Lot/batch No.: not reported
- Radiochemical purity (if radiolabelling): not reported
- 13C labelling: 2 mg[1,2-13C]NaAc/kg bw added to NaAc drink giving enrichments of 707.6±69.2d/1000 vs. PDB determined by elemental analyser-isotope ratio mass spectrophotometry. NaH13CO3 at 0.064 mg/kg bw was infused immediately before drinking NaAc to prime the bicarbonate pool.
Constituent 1
Method
- Type of population:
- general
- Subjects:
- - Number of subjects exposed: 8
- Sex: 6 male and 2 female
- Age: 29±3 years
- Height: 1.76±0.03 m
- Body weight: 71.62±5.29 kg
- Known diseases: none (healthy volunteers) - Ethical approval:
- confirmed and informed consent free of coercion received
- Route of exposure:
- other: oral: Sodium acetate... (see attached file)
- Reason of exposure:
- intentional
- Exposure assessment:
- measured
- Details on exposure:
- In a randomised, crossover, single-blind experiment, on two occasions, at least 1 week apart, each volunteer drank 500 mL low-energy cordial (42 kJ/500 mL; 2.5 g carbohydrate/500 mL) which contained either NaAc (trihydrate) or NaHCo3 at 2 mmol/kg bw. The volunteers rested for at least 1 hour prior to drinking. The volunteers minimised 13C glycogen stores by at least 1 hour intense exercise 5 days prior to each visit. Volunteers' dietary intake was identical for each 5 day period prior to each experiment. During the experiment, volunteers avoided eating food derived from carbohydrates from C4 plants. Volunteers fasted overnight prior to experiment and drank 500 mL tap water prior to experiments.
- Examinations:
- BREATH SAMPLES:
-collection times: 2 consecutive pre-ingestion respiratory gas samples collected followed by samples every 30 minutes for 3 hours
- parameters measured: 13C content (continuous flow isotope ratio MS), % oxygen and % carbon dioxide (gas analyser), volume (dry gas meter), temperature (thermocouple within dry gas meter).
URINE SAMPLES:
-collection times: 1 pre-ingestion sample and one after 3 hours (complete voiding of bladder)
- parameters measured: volume, pH, partial pressure CO2, urinary bicarbonate concentration (calculated) and acetate concentration.
BLOOD SAMPLES:
-collection times: 1 pre-ingestion sample followed by samples every 30 minutes for 3 hours
- parameters measured: pH, base excess, O2 % saturation of haemoglobin, partial pressure of CO2, blood bicarbonate concentration, lactate, glycerol, FFA, acetate and haemoglobin concentrations
Results and discussion
- Clinical signs:
- Sodium acetate induced mild alkalosis, increased energy expenditure (p <0.05) but had no effect on fat or carbohydrate utilisation.
- Results of examinations:
- Ingestion of sodium acetate (2 mmol/kg bodyweight) resulted in a transient increase in plasma and urinary acetate concentrations. 80.1 ± 2.3% of the administered acetate was oxidized to CO2 and exhaled within 3h, 0.60 ± 0.09% was excreted unchanged in urine i.e. ~0.5 mg/kg bw acetate is removed per minute via the citric acid cycle.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Following ingestion of 2 mmol/kg bw of acetate, 80.1% of dose was oxidised over the subsequent 3 hours.
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