α,α,α,2-tetrachlorotoluene

Genetic toxicity: in vitro

Administrative data

Endpoint:

in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria

Remarks:

Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

comparable to guideline study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

1987

Report date:

1987

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)

GLP compliance:

yes

Type of assay:

bacterial reverse mutation assay

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

α,α,α,2-tetrachlorotoluene

EC Number:

218-377-7

EC Name:

α,α,α,2-tetrachlorotoluene

Cas Number:

2136-89-2

Molecular formula:

C7H4Cl4

IUPAC Name:

1-chloro-2-(trichloromethyl)benzene

Details on test material:

Purity 97.0%

Method

Target gene:

In the Salmonella typhimurium strains (TA 1535, TA 100, TA 1537, TA 1538, TA 98) the amino acid histidine locus is the target gene.
In the Escherichia coli strain (WP2 uvrA) the amino acid tryptophan locus is the target gene.

Species / strain

Species / strain 1

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100

Species / strain 2

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium TA 1538

Species / strain 3

Species / strain / cell type:

E. coli WP2 uvr A

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Metabolic activation system:

Rat liver S-9 mix from Aroclor 1254 induced rats

Test concentrations with justification for top dose:

A dose range of 8 different doses from 0.16 µg/plate to 5000 µg/plate was used. Visible precipitation of the test compound observed at 2500 µg/plate

Vehicle / solvent:

- Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: DMSO
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: not given

Controls

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

9-aminoacridine

2-nitrofluorene

sodium azide

benzo(a)pyrene

other: N-methyl-N-nitro-Nnitrosoguanidine WP2uvrA -S9; 2-aminoanthracene, All strains +S9

Details on test system and experimental conditions:

METHOD OF APPLICATION: in agar (plate incorporation);


DURATION
- Exposure duration: 48-72hours


DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- reduction in background lawn, reduced rate of spontaneous colonies.

Results and discussion

Test results

Test results 1

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 1535

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 2

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 1537

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 3

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 1538

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 4

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 98

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 5

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 100

Metabolic activation:

without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 6

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 100

Metabolic activation:

with

Genotoxicity:

positive

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 7

Species / strain:

E. coli WP2 uvr A

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

It can be stated that o-chlorobenzotrichloride TTR is mutagenic in these bacterial test systems in the presence of exogenous metabolic activation.