Decan-4-olide

Genetic toxicity: in vivo

Administrative data

Endpoint:

in vivo mammalian somatic cell study: cytogenicity / erythrocyte micronucleus

Remarks:

Type of genotoxicity: chromosome aberration

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Study period:

1988

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: see 'Remark'

Remarks:

Study conducted similarly to OECD Guideline 474 with minor deviations: no data on the housing conditions and individual body weight at the start of the test; number of micronucleated immature erythrocytes for individual animals not reported. 1000 polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) were analysed per animal, which was a requirement of the old version of the OECD 474 (1983). The new version require the analysis of at least 2000 PCE. γ-Undecalactone, as aliphatic γ-lactone, is considered adequate for read-across purpose (see §"Toxicokinetics").

Cross-reference

Cross-reference 1

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Cross-reference 2

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to other study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

1988

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 474 (Mammalian Erythrocyte Micronucleus Test)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

no data on the housing conditions and body weight at the start of the test; number of micronucleated immature erythrocytes for individual animals not reported

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Not applicable

GLP compliance:

not specified

Type of assay:

micronucleus assay

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Undecan-4-olide

EC Number:

203-225-4

EC Name:

Undecan-4-olide

Cas Number:

104-67-6

Molecular formula:

C11H20O2

IUPAC Name:

5-heptyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): Undecalactone
- Source: Japan Food Additives Association, Tokyo, Japan
- Purity: > 98.0 %

Test animals

Species:

mouse

Strain:

other: ddY mice

Sex:

male

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Shizuoka Agricultural Cooperative Association for Laboratory Animals, Shizuoka, Japan
- Age at study initiation: 8 weeks
- Diet: Food pellets CE-2 (Japan Clea, Tokyo, Japan), ad libitum
- Water: ad libitum

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:

intraperitoneal

Vehicle:

Olive oil

Details on exposure:

None

Duration of treatment / exposure:

- 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg bw: One day
- 500 mg/kg bw: 4 days

Frequency of treatment:

- 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg bw: Single injection
- 500 mg/kg bw: 4 injections with 24 h intervals between the injections

Post exposure period:

24 h

Doses / concentrations

Remarks:

Doses / Concentrations:
250, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg bw
Basis:
other: actual injected

No. of animals per sex per dose:

6 males/dose

Control animals:

yes, concurrent vehicle

Positive control(s):

Mitomycin-C
- Source: Kyowa Hakko Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
- Route of administration: Intraperitoneal
- Doses: 2 mg/kg bw

Examinations

Tissues and cell types examined:

- Femora bones were removed for marrow extraction and the prepared slides were examined for polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs) and total erythrocytes.

Details of tissue and slide preparation:

CRITERIA FOR DOSE SELECTION: The maximum doses of the test material were set at the supposed maximum tolerated dose referring to LD50.

DETAILS OF SLIDE PREPARATION: Mice were killed by cervical dislocation at 24 h after exposure. Femoral marrow cells were flushed out with fetal bovine serum and smeared on clean glass slides. Cells were fixed with methanol for 5 minutes and stained with Giemsa stain.

METHOD OF ANALYSIS:
- 1000 polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs) per mouse were scored using a light microscope with a high power objective (X 100) and the no. of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) were recorded.
- Proportion of polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs) among the total erythrocytes was evaluated by observing 1000 erythrocytes on the same slide.

Evaluation criteria:

Result was considered as positive if one or more treatment group(s) showed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.01) from the spontaneous level of MNPCEs and the trend test indicated a positive dose response (P < 0.05).

Statistics:

Two-stage statistical procedure:
- In the first step of the procedure, the frequency of MNPCEs in each treatment group was compared with the binomial distribution specified by historical control data (Hayashi et al. 1985).
- In the second step, the dose-response relationship was tested by the Cochran- Armitage trend test (Armitage, 1955; Cochran, 1954; Margolin and Risko, 1988).

Results and discussion

Test results

Sex:

male

Genotoxicity:

negative

Toxicity:

no effects

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Negative controls validity:

not applicable

Positive controls validity:

valid

Additional information on results:

- See table 7.6.2/1 for MNPCEs (%) and PCEs (%)

Any other information on results incl. tables

Table 7.6.2/1: Results of micronucleus test

Groups	Dose (mg/kg bw)	No. of doses	Time between doses (24 h)	Sampling time (h)	MNPCEs (%)	PCEs (%)	Mortality
Vehicle (Olive oil)	0	1	-	24	0.10 ± 0.06	54.6 ± 6.4	0/6
Undecalactone	250				0.25 ± 0.12	51.6 ± 7.7
	500				0.08 ± 0.08	43.9 ± 7.4
	1000				0.18 ± 0.08	43.7 ± 9.2
	2000				0.25 ± 0.07	52.3 ± 3.0
	500	4	24		0.08 ± 0.10	48.7 ± 8.1
Mitomycin-C	2	1	-		4.78 ± 1.40*	43.5 ± 4.6

 

MNPCEs - Micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes; PCEs - Polychromatic erythrocytes;

* value of MNPCE differ significantly from the historical control (p < 0.01)

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

Interpretation of results (migrated information): negative
Under the test conditions, Undecalactone is not considered as clastogenic in an in vivo mouse bone marrow micronucleus assay according to the Directive 67/548/EEC and the Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP).

Executive summary:

In an in vivo mouse bone marrow micronucleus assay performed similarly to OECD Guideline 474, groups of ddY male mice (6/dose) were injected with Undecalactone in olive oil at 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg bw (single treatment) and 500 mg/kg bw (4 injections with 24 h intervals between the injections) by intraperitoneal route. The positive control group was injected with mitomycin C at 2 mg/kg bw. Mice were killed by cervical dislocation 24 h after an administration. Femoral marrow cells were flushed out with fetal bovine serum and smeared on clean glass slides. Cells were fixed with methanol for 5 minutes and stained with Giemsa stain. 1000 polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs) per mouse were scored for recording the incidence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs). The proportion of PCEs among the total erythrocytes was also evaluated by observing 1000 erythrocytes on the same slide.

Mice treated with Undecalactone did not show any significant increase in the frequency of MNPCEs. Positive control (mitomycin C) induced a statistically significant increase in MNPCEs indicating the validity of the study.

Under the test conditions, Undecalactone is not considered as clastogenic in an in vivo mouse bone marrow micronucleus assay according to the criteria of the Annex VI of the Directive 67/548/EEC and the Annex I of the Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP).

γ-Undecalactone, as aliphatic γ-lactone, is considered adequate for read-across purpose (see §"Toxicokinetics").