Tetradecyl acrylate

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

The long-chain (>/= C10) acrylate including tetradecyl acrylate do not show toxicity to aquatic organisms above the range of water solubility.

Additional information

Short term toxicity to fish

2-Propenoic acid, C12-14-alkyl ester was tested in a 96 h-aquatic study to fish. The LC50 was ca. 460 mg/L and the NOEC was 215 mg/L.

In the short term toxicity test to fish the LC50 value of the test substance, 2-Propenoic acid, C16-18-alkyl esters (read across) based on the loading rate was determined to be >100 mg/L. Based on this result the LC50 value of 2-Propenoic acid, octadecyl ester is also considered to be >100 mg/L.  

In an acute toxicity test to Zebrafish of the test substance, 2 -Propenoic acid, C18 -26 -alkyl esters, the NOEL was laid down as 100 mg/L. The LL50 after 96 hours was > 100 mg/L. All effect levels are given based on the nominal level of the test item. Therefore the test substance was found to cause no toxic effects to Zebrafish after 96 hours when tested with a loading level of 100 mg/L.

In a study with 2 -Propylheptyl acrylate, no toxic effects occured within the range of water solubility of the tested substance in this 96-h static fish test (LC50: >0.31 mg/L).

Long-term toxicity to fish

Laurylacrylate 12 was tested in an early life stage test, the NOEC (hatchability) was 1µg/L, the LOEC was dtermined to be > 1µg/L (the mean measured test item concentration was 0.104 µg/L).

No toxic effects occured within the range of water solubility.

Short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

The performance of a test for short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates, with 2 -Propenoic acid, C12 -14 -alkyl esters, is scientifically unjustified. According to REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 Annex VII, column 2, section 9.1.1 the study does not to be conducted if a long term study with aquatic invertebrates is available. Such a study is available showing a NOEC of above 100 mg/L.

In the short- term toxicity test to invertebrates of the test substance, 2-Propenoic acid, C16-18-alkyl esters the EC50 value based on the loading rate was determined to be >100 mg/L. Based on this result the LC50 value of 2-Propenoic acid, octadecyl ester is also considered to be >100 mg/L.

In an acute toxicity test to Daphnia magna STRAUSS of the test substance 2 -Propenoic acid, C18 -26 -alkyl esters, the NOEL was laid down as 100 mg/L. The LL50 after 48 hours was > 100 mg/L. All effect levels are given based on the nominal level of the test item. Therefore the test substance was found to cause no toxic effects to Daphnia magna after 48 hours when tested with a loading level of 100 mg/L.

No toxic effects occured within the range of water solubility with 2-Propylheptyl acrylate (EC50: 161 mg/L, The substance has a water solubility of 0.2 mg/L and it is known that these class of chemicals are forming droplets when the water solubility is exceeded. Therefore observed effects have to be interpreted as effects by direct contact with undissolved droplets and should be disregarded.)

Long term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

In a chronic toxicity test to Daphnia magna STRAUSS of the test substance Laurylacrylat 12, the 21-d-NOEC was laid down as 0.250 µg/L. The LOEC after 21 days was > 0.250 µg/L. The test substance has a low water solubility of <1 µg/L. The overall effect threshold for effects of the test item based on the geometric mean measured concentrations of the test item.

In a chronic toxicity test to Daphnia magna STRAUSS of the the substance 2 -Propenoic acid, C12 -14 -alkyl acrylate, the 21d-NOEC was laid down as 100 mg/L. The LOEC after 21 days was > 100 mg/L. All effect levels are given based on the nominal level of the test item. Therefore the test substance was found to cause no toxic effects to Daphnia magna after 21 days when tested with a loading level of 100 mg/L.

Toxicity to algae and cyanobacteria

The toxicity of Laurylacrylat 12 to the unicellular freshwater green alga Pseudokirchnerie/la subcapitata was determined according to the principles of OECD 201. Laurylacrylat 12 did not inhibit the growth of the freshwater green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata after 72 hours when tested above its maximum water solubility. All effect levels are based on geometric mean measured test item concentration. the EC50-values for inhibition of growth rate (ErC50) and yield (EyC50) after 72 hours were > 0.274 µg/L.

No toxic effects occured within the range of water solubility.

The test substance 2-Propenoic acid, C12-14-alkyl acrylate, was tested in a toxicity study to algae. The EC50 and EC10-values (growth rate) were 51.6 mg/L and 24.8 mg/L.

No toxic effects occured within the range of water solubility.

In the toxicity to aquatic algae test the median effect concentration with respect to growth rate (ErC50 /0-3 days) of the test substance 2-Propenoic acid, C16-18-alkyl esters (read across) was calculated to be 278 mg/L and the yield (EyC50/0–3 days) was calculated to be 181 mg/L based on the loading rate. The no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) with respect to growth rate and yield was 100 mg/L loading rate.

In an algae growth inhibition study, water accommodated fractions of the test substance 2 -Propenoic acid, C18-26-alkyl ester were tested on their effects on the growth of the freshwater green alga Desmodesmus subspicatus over the period of 72 hours. The observed dose-response relationship was ambiguous. Therefore, no calculation of effect loading (EL) values was possible. Instead, EL-values were approximated directly from the observation data.
The EL50 basic for effect growth rate (72 h) was greater than 100 mg/L.

In this 72-h growth inihibition test with Desmodesmus subspicatus the 72-h EC50, of 2 -Propylheptyl acrylate, based on growth rate was determined as 84.9 mg/L and the overall NOEC as 10 mg/L.

The substance has a water solubility of < 0.5 mg/L and it is known that these class of chemicals are forming droplets when the water solubility is exceeded. Therefore observed effects have to be interpreted aseffects by direct contact with undissolved droplets and should be disregarded.

Toxicity to microorganisms

The EC50 value, for 2 -Propenic aicd, C12 -14-alkyl ester, was determined to be greater than 10000 mg/L and also the EC10 was determined to be greater than 10000 mg/L.

In the toxicity to microorganisms test the EC50 value of the test substance, 2-Propenoic acid, C16-18-alkyl esters determined to be greater than 1000 mg/L.

The EC50 value for 2 -Propenoic aicd, C18-26-alkyl ester was determined to be greater than 1000 mg/L and also the EC10 was determined to be greater than 1000 mg/L.

Based on this result the EC50 value of 2-Propenoic acid, octadecyl ester is also considered to be >1000 mg/L.

The inhibition of the degradation activity of activated sludge, with 2 -Propylheptyl acrylate, is not anticipated when introduced in appropriate low concentrations.