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EC number: 232-197-6 | CAS number: 7790-28-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.1 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 50
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 5.3 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL(oral) converted to NOAEC(inhal) (3 mg/kg x [1/0.38 x 100% oral absorption rat/100% inhalation absorption human x 6.7/10]) = 5.3 mg/m³
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default value in line with Section R.8.4.3.1 of Chapter R.8 of Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- Extrapolation from subchronic study to chronic exposure value in line with Table R.8-5 of Chapter R.8 of Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment
- Justification:
- Not applicable for inhalation. Differences in species addressed in calculation of dose descriptor starting point.)
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default value in line with Section R.8.4.3.1 of Chapter R.8 of Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- Default value in line with Section R.8.4.3.1 of Chapter R.8 of Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 2
- Justification:
- Limited data on the substance itself / key values from read-across
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default value in line with Section R.8.4.3.1 of Chapter R.8 of Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.3 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 3
- DNEL extrapolated from long term DNEL
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- other: DNEL for Inhalation Systemic effects – Long Term
- Value:
- 0.1 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
DNEL extrapolated from long term DNEL
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- skin irritation/corrosion
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- skin irritation/corrosion
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.06 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 200
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 12 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
Long-term: NOAEL (oral) converted to NOAEL (dermal): 3 mg/kg bw/day*100% ABS (oral)/25%ABS(dermal) = 12 mg/kg bw/day
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default value in line with Section R.8.4.3.1 of Chapter R.8 of Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- Extrapolation from subchronic study to chronic exposure value in line with Table R.8-5 of Chapter R.8 of Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Default value in line with Table R.8-3 and Appendix R. 8-2, part 2, example B5 of Chapter R.8 of Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default value in line with Section R.8.4.3.1 of Chapter R.8 of Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- Default value in line with Section R.8.4.3.1 of Chapter R.8 of Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 2
- Justification:
- Limited data on the substance itself
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default value in line with Section R.8.4.3.1 of Chapter R.8 of Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.2 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 3
- DNEL extrapolated from long term DNEL
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- other: DNEL for dermal systemic effects – long term.
- Value:
- 0.06 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
DNEL extrapolated from long term DNEL
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- skin irritation/corrosion
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- skin irritation/corrosion
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - workers
Sodium periodate is seen to be corrosive in an in-vitro assay, but no quantitative dose-response can be established; DNELs for acute exposure were established using a default 3-fold the long-term DNEL. DNELs for local effects could not be calculated.
The most sensitive endpoint was the NOAEL (3 mg/kg bw/day) obtained in an acceptable 90-day feeding study in rats, using potassium iodate. The study was performed in line with good scientific principles and reported to an adequate standard. In accordance with Klimisch (1997) the study was assigned a reliability score of 2. Sodium periodate may be expected to be reduced, under biological conditions, almost quantitatively to iodate and then to iodide. This NOAEL (3 mg/kg bw/day) was used as the starting point for the calculation of systemic DNELs. The reproductive and developmental toxicity was investigated in a study performed in accordance with standardised guidelines OECD 421 and EPA OPPTS 870.3550 using potassium iodide for read-across to support sodium periodate; this study showed no effect at the highest dose tested. No carcinogenicity study is available, although potassium iodate and iodide showed no evidence of genotoxicity. Iodine (and iodide), an essential mineral, is not known to be carcinogenic. The toxicity of iodate (the primary breakdown product of periodate) closely resembles that of iodine, for which a necessary daily intake is well understood. An additional factor of no more than 2 for completeness of the database is therefore applied.
For the purposes of human risk assessment there is sufficient information to consider that sodium periodate would be extensively absorbed (100%) by the oral route, and slowly metabolised and excreted. The consequences of slow metabolism and excretion are however adequately addressed within the NOAEL of a 90-day study. Human dermal absorption may be considered to be 25%; inhalation absorption is assumed to be complete.
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.03 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 100
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 2.6 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL(oral) converted to NOAEC(inhal) (3 mg/kg x [1/1.15 x 100% oral absorption rat/100% inhalation absorption human) = 2.6 mg/m³
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default value in line with Section R.8.4.3.1 of Chapter R.8 of Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- Extrapolation from subchronic study to chronic exposure value in line with Table R.8-5 of Chapter R.8 of Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment
- Justification:
- Not applicable for inhalation. Differences in species addressed in calculation of dose descriptor starting point.)
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default value in line with Section R.8.4.3.1 of Chapter R.8 of Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Default value in line with Section R.8.4.3.1 of Chapter R.8 of Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 2
- Justification:
- Limited data on the substance itself / key values from read-across
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default value in line with Section R.8.4.3.1 of Chapter R.8 of Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.09 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 3
- DNEL extrapolated from long term DNEL
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- other: DNEL for Inhalation Systemic effects – Long Term
- Value:
- 0.03 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
DNEL extrapolated from long term DNEL
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- skin irritation/corrosion
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- skin irritation/corrosion
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.03 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 400
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 12 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL (oral) converted to NOAEL (dermal): 3 mg/kg bw/day*100% ABS (oral)/25%ABS(dermal) = 12 mg/kg bw/day
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default value in line with Section R.8.4.3.1 of Chapter R.8 of Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- Extrapolation from subchronic study to chronic exposure value in line with Table R.8-5 of Chapter R.8 of Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Default value in line with Table R.8-3 and Appendix R. 8-2, part 2, example B5 of Chapter R.8 of Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default value in line with Section R.8.4.3.1 of Chapter R.8 of Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Default value in line with Section R.8.4.3.1 of Chapter R.8 of Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 2
- Justification:
- Limited data on the substance itself
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default value in line with Section R.8.4.3.1 of Chapter R.8 of Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.09 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 3
- DNEL extrapolated from long term DNEL
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- other: DNEL for dermal systemic effects – long term.
- Value:
- 0.03 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
DNEL extrapolated from long term DNEL
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- skin irritation/corrosion
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- skin irritation/corrosion
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DMEL (Derived Minimum Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.01 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 400
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 3 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
N/A oral study to oral DNEL derivation. Same oral absorption in rats and humans assumed
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default value in line with Section R.8.4.3.1 of Chapter R.8 of Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- Extrapolation from subchronic study to chronic exposure value in line with Table R.8-5 of Chapter R.8 of Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Default value in line with Table R.8-3 and Appendix R. 8-2, part 2, example B5 of Chapter R.8 of Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default value in line with Section R.8.4.3.1 of Chapter R.8 of Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Default value in line with Section R.8.4.3.1 of Chapter R.8 of Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 2
- Justification:
- Limited data on the substance itself / key values from read-across
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default value in line with Section R.8.4.3.1 of Chapter R.8 of Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.03 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 3
- DNEL extrapolated from long term DNEL
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- other: DNEL for oral systemic effects – long term.
- Value:
- 0.01 mg/kg bw/day
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - General Population
Sodium periodate is seen to be corrosive in an in-vitro assay, but no quantitative dose-response can be established; DNELs for acute exposure were established using a default 3-fold the long-term DNEL. DNELs for local effects could not be calculated.
The most sensitive endpoint was the NOAEL (3 mg/kg bw/day) obtained in an acceptable 90-day feeding study in rats, using potassium iodate. The study was performed in line with good scientific principles and reported to an adequate standard. In accordance with Klimisch (1997) the study was assigned a reliability score of 2. Sodium periodate may be expected to be reduced, under biological conditions, almost quantitatively to iodate and then to iodide. This NOAEL (3 mg/kg bw/day) was used as the starting point for the calculation of systemic DNELs. The reproductive and developmental toxicity was investigated in a study performed using potassium iodide and used for read-across to support sodium periodate; this study showed no effect at the highest dose tested. No carcinogenicity study is available, although potassium iodate and iodide showed no evidence of genotoxicity. Iodine (and iodide), an essential mineral, is not known to be carcinogenic. The toxicity of iodate (the primary breakdown product of periodate) closely resembles that of iodine, for which a necessary daily intake is well understood. An additional factor of no more than 2 for completeness of the database is therefore applied.
The resulting oral long-term DNEL (0.01 mg/kg bw/day) at the same level as the tolerable upper intake level for iodide in adults as established by EFSA (2006).
The same endpoint used for workers was selected for setting the long-term DNELs for the general population. The larger assessment factor for intraspecies sensitivity was considered adequately protective for the more sensitive population.
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