rac-(1R,4S,4aR,8R,8aS)-9-(dichloromethylidene)-8-hydroxyoctahydro-1,4-methanonaphthalen-5(1H)-one

Toxicity to terrestrial plants

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

toxicity to terrestrial plants: short-term (with study design considered suitable for long-term assessment)

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

11 May 2015 to 15 May 2015

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

comparable to guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: MEP Guideline 299 (Seed Germination/Root Elongation Toxicity Test), Version 2.

Version / remarks:

2013

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: EC SANCO/12571/2013 (Guidance document on analytical quality control and validation procedures for pesticide residues analysis in food and feed)

Version / remarks:

2014

Deviations:

no

Principles of method if other than guideline:

- Principle of test: Seeds of ten plant species were treated with test item solution in a matrix of filter paper. The test was terminated when ≥ 65 % of the control seed had germinated and developed roots that were ≥ 20 mm long. The inhibition of root elongation was determined and the EC10 and EC50 values and 95 % confidence limits were calculated.
- Short description of test conditions: The test was conducted in an artificial climate incubator under complete darkness.
- Parameters analysed / observed: Seed germination and root length

GLP compliance:

yes

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

- Concentrations: All treatment groups and the control
- Sampling method: Triplicate samples were taken from each test concentration and one sample was taken from the control at the beginning of the test.

Vehicle:

yes

Remarks:

acetone

Details on preparation and application of test substrate:

- Method of application to filter paper: Appropriate weights of the test item were dissolved in 10 mL acetone to obtain a test item solution of 100 mg/mL, which was diluted to obtain solutions at 1.56, 3.12, 6.25, 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/mL (taking into account the analytical purity of the test item). 3 mL of each solution was applied into dry glass beakers and the beakers were rotated to allow the acetone to evaporate, thus leaving a thin coating of test item on the inner surface. Afterwards, 3 L of test water was added into the glass bottles and stirred magnetically for 1.3 hrs at 420 - 480 rpm to obtain the test solutions. Undissolved test item was observed in the solution after magnetic stirring in the 50 and 100 mg/L test solutions, therefore the solutions were filtered before use. Appropriate volumes of the test solutions were dispensed into Petri dishes, after which five filter papers were added. Seeds were then placed in the Petri dishes to start the exposure period. Dishes were checked daily and the initial volume of test solution was maintained.
- Controls: Blank control. 3 ml acetone was applied to the glass beakers to prepare test solution for the control. The pretreatment method for the control solution was identical to the test solutions.
- Chemical name of vehicle: Acetone
- Evaporation of vehicle before use: Yes

Species:

Brassica oleracea var. capitata

Details on test organisms:

- Common name: Cabbage

Species:

Brassica rapa

Details on test organisms:

- Common name: Canola

Species:

Oryza sativa

Details on test organisms:

- Common name: Rice

Species:

other: Vignaradiate

Details on test organisms:

- Common name: Mung bean

Species:

other: Medicago sativa

Details on test organisms:

- Common name: Alfalfa

Species:

Triticum aestivum

Details on test organisms:

- Common name: Common wheat

Species:

Lactuca sativa

Details on test organisms:

- Common name: Lettuce

Species:

Lycopersicon esculentum

Details on test organisms:

- Common name: Tomato

Species:

Cucumis sativus

Details on test organisms:

- Common name: Cucumber

Species:

Zea mays

Details on test organisms:

- Common name: Corn

Test type:

seed germination/root elongation toxicity test

Study type:

laboratory study

Substrate type:

filter paper

Remarks:

diameter: 18 cm, in five layers.

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

5 d

Remarks:

The test period was ended when at least 65 % of the control seed had germinated and developed roots were at least 20 mm long. The exposure duration was from 11 to 15 May 2015.

Post exposure observation period:

None reported

Test temperature:

24.2 - 25.4 °C for tomato, cucumber, canola and mung bean, 24.2 - 25.5 °C for corn, rice, common wheat, cabbage and alfalfa and 17.3 - 18.6 °C for lettuce

pH:

6.64 - 6.88

Moisture:

Not reported

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Testing facility: Artificial climate incubator
- Test container: Petri dishes (diameter: 18 - 20 cm) containing 70 ml test solution for corn and mung bean and 60 ml for other seeds
- No. of seeds per container: 10
- No. of replicates per treatment group: 3
- No. of replicates per control: 3

SOURCE AND PROPERTIES OF SUBSTRATE: Filter paper (diameter 18 cm) in five layers

GROWTH CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: Complete darkness
- Volume applied: The initial test solution volume was maintained.
- Interval of applications: Daily

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: The number of germinating seeds and root length (from the transition point between the hypocotyl and root to the tip of the root) were determined at the end of the test period. Abnormal seedling development and appearance (e.g. lesions, enhanced root growth, discoloration, swelling, loss of turgor) were also recorded.

TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 2
- Range finding study: Yes
- Test concentrations: 1, 10 and 100 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: For all plants except canola and lettuce, the 50 % effect concentrations for root elongation were > 100 mg/L. The 10 % effect concentrations for root elongation were between 1.0 - 10 mg/L for canola, cabbage, lettuce, common wheat, cucumber, tomato and alfalfa, between 10 - 100 mg/L for mung bean, and > 100 mg/L for rice and corn.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

- Nominal concentrations: 1.56, 3.12, 6.25, 12.5, 25.0, 50.0 and 100 mg/L; the two lowest concentrations were not tested for mung bean and only the highest concentration was tested for rice and corn
- Mean measured concentrations: 1.80, 3.46, 6.65, 13.2, 23.6, 38.5 and 56.1 mg/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Species:

Lactuca sativa

Duration:

5 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

16.76 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

meas. (initial)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: root elongation

Remarks on result:

other: The exposure duration was from 11 to 15 May 2015.

Remarks:

Value in the report is 24.8 mg/L, 95 % CL (19.5 - 31.5) mg/L. Value converted in mg/kg soil dw by dividing the value by the density of the substance (d = 1.48)

Key result

Species:

Lactuca sativa

Duration:

5 d

Dose descriptor:

EC10

Effect conc.:

1.64 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

meas. (initial)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: root elongation

Remarks on result:

other: The exposure duration was from 11 to 15 May 2015.

Remarks:

Value in the report is 2.42 mg/L, 95 % CL (1.91 - 3.08) mg/L. Value converted in mg/kg soil dw by dividing the value by the density of the substance

Species:

Zea mays

Duration:

5 d

Dose descriptor:

EC10

Effect conc.:

> 56.1 other: mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (initial)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: root elongation

Remarks on result:

other: The exposure duration was from 11 to 15 May 2015.

Species:

Zea mays

Duration:

5 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

> 56.1 other: mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (initial)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: root elongation

Remarks on result:

other: The exposure duration was from 11 to 15 May 2015.

Species:

Oryza sativa

Duration:

5 d

Dose descriptor:

EC10

Effect conc.:

> 56.1 other: mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (initial)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: root elongation

Remarks on result:

other: The exposure duration was from 11 to 15 May 2015.

Species:

Oryza sativa

Duration:

5 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

> 56.1 other: mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (initial)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: root elongation

Remarks on result:

other: The exposure duration was from 11 to 15 May 2015.

Species:

other: Vignaradiate

Duration:

5 d

Dose descriptor:

EC10

Effect conc.:

23.1 other: mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (initial)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: root elongation

Remarks on result:

other: The exposure duration was from 11 to 15 May 2015.

Remarks:

95 % confidence limit: 0.124 - 348 mg/L

Species:

other: Vignaradiate

Duration:

5 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

> 56.1 other: mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (initial)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: root elongation

Remarks on result:

other: The exposure duration was from 11 to 15 May 2015.

Species:

Cucumis sativus

Duration:

5 d

Dose descriptor:

EC10

Effect conc.:

11.8 other: mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (initial)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: root elongation

Remarks on result:

other: The exposure duration was from 11 to 15 May 2015.

Remarks:

95 % confidence limit: 4.69 - 29.5 mg/L

Species:

Cucumis sativus

Duration:

5 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

47.6 other: mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (initial)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: root elongation

Remarks on result:

other: The exposure duration was from 11 to 15 May 2015.

Remarks:

95 % confidence limit: 19.0 - 119 mg/L

Species:

Triticum aestivum

Duration:

5 d

Dose descriptor:

EC10

Effect conc.:

7.73 other: mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (initial)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: root elongation

Remarks on result:

other: The exposure duration was from 11 to 15 May 2015.

Remarks:

95 % confidence limit: 2.79 - 21.4 mg/L

Species:

Triticum aestivum

Duration:

5 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

60.6 other: mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (initial)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: root elongation

Remarks on result:

other: The exposure duration was from 11 to 15 May 2015.

Remarks:

95 % confidence limit: 21.9 - 168 mg/L

Species:

other: Brassica oleracea

Duration:

5 d

Dose descriptor:

EC10

Effect conc.:

9.9 other: mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (initial)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: root elongation

Remarks on result:

other: The exposure duration was from 11 to 15 May 2015.

Remarks:

95 % confidence limit: 6.71 - 14.6 mg/L

Species:

other: Brassica oleracea

Duration:

5 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

47 other: mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (initial)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: root elongation

Remarks on result:

other: The exposure duration was from 11 to 15 May 2015.

Remarks:

95 % confidence limit: 31.9 - 69.3 mg/L

Species:

other: Medicago sativa

Duration:

5 d

Dose descriptor:

EC10

Effect conc.:

3.34 other: mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (initial)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: root elongation

Remarks on result:

other: The exposure duration was from 11 to 15 May 2015.

Remarks:

95 % confidence limit: 2.00 - 5.57 mg/L

Species:

other: Medicago sativa

Duration:

5 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

62 other: mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (initial)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: root elongation

Remarks on result:

other: The exposure duration was from 11 to 15 May 2015.

Remarks:

95 % confidence limit: 37.1 - 103 mg/L

Species:

Brassica rapa

Duration:

5 d

Dose descriptor:

EC10

Effect conc.:

4.96 other: mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (initial)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: root elongation

Remarks on result:

other: The exposure duration was from 11 to 15 May 2015.

Remarks:

95 % confidence limit: 4.23 - 5.82 mg/L

Species:

Brassica rapa

Duration:

5 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

33.6 other: mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (initial)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: root elongation

Remarks on result:

other: The exposure duration was from 11 to 15 May 2015.

Remarks:

95 % confidence limit: 28.7 - 39.4 mg/L

Species:

Lycopersicon esculentum

Duration:

5 d

Dose descriptor:

EC10

Effect conc.:

11.6 other: mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (initial)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: root elongation

Remarks on result:

other: The exposure duration was from 11 to 15 May 2015.

Remarks:

95 % confidence limit: 10.7 - 12.7 mg/L

Species:

Lycopersicon esculentum

Duration:

5 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

49.3 other: mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (initial)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: root elongation

Remarks on result:

other: The exposure duration was from 11 to 15 May 2015.

Remarks:

95 % confidence limit: 45.3 - 53.6 mg/L

Details on results:

SEED GERMINATION
- Percent seed germination: The germination percentage was 73.3 to 96.7 % for the control and 63.3 to 100 % for the treatment groups of each test species.
- Root length: The inhibition of root elongation increased with increasing test concentrations for all test species except corn and rice.

SEEDLING EMERGENCE
- Abnormal seed development or appearance: None observed in any test species.

CONVERSION TO MG/KG SOIL DW
- Key results are converted from mg/L to mg/kg soil dw by dividing with the density (d = 1.48)

Reported statistics and error estimates:

Statistical significance in root growth between the treatment groups and the control were determined by two-tailed T-tests (p < 0.05) for corn and rice. EC10 and EC50 values and 95 % confidence limits for root elongation were determined for the remaining test species using the concentration response curves.

Table 1. Seed germination and rool length results for all test species

Nominal concentration (mg/L)	Measured concentration (mg/L)	Seed germination			Root length
		Mean (%)	SD (%)	P Value (T-Test)	Overall mean (cm)	SD (cm)	Inhibition (%)	P Value (T-Test)
Mung bean
Control	ND	96.7	5.77	-	2.81	0.66	-	-
6.25	6.65	96.7	5.77	1.00	3.06	0.60	-9.00	-
12.5	13.2	96.7	5.77	-	2.64	0.58	5.98	-
25.0	23.6	100.0	0.00	0.42	2.44	0.36	13.0	-
50.0	38.3	100.0	0.00	0.42	2.43	0.31	13.4	-
100	56.1	100.0	0.00	0.42	2.34	0.33	16.8	-
Common wheat
Control	ND	76.7	5.77	-	2.50	0.54	-	-
1.56	1.80	73.3	5.77	0.67	2.48	0.59	0.71	-
3.12	3.46	73.3	5.77	0.42	2.33	0.77	6.99	-
6.25	6.65	70.0	0.00	0.18	2.03	0.63	18.9	-
12.5	13.2	73.3	5.77	0.42	1.91	0.51	23.6	-
25.0	23.6	73.3	5.77	0.67	1.91	0.78	23.8	-
50.0	38.3	73.3	5.77	0.42	1.84	0.62	26.4	-
100	56.1	73.3	5.77	0.42	1.59	0.62	36.5	-
Cucumber
Control	ND	83.3	5.77	-	4.06	1.25	-	-
1.56	1.80	83.3	5.77	1.00	4.50	1.42	-10.9	-
3.12	3.46	93.3	11.55	0.23	3.93	1.06	3.25	-
6.25	6.65	86.7	5.77	0.67	3.82	1.18	5.89	-
12.5	13.2	86.7	15.28	0.81	3.74	1.14	7.74	-
25.0	23.6	70.0	10.00	0.27	3.68	1.00	9.34	-
50.0	38.3	73.3	5.77	0.23	2.57	0.72	36.7	-
100	56.1	76.7	5.77	0.18	1.37	0.45	66.2	-
Canola
Control	ND	73.3	5.77	-	3.21	1.37	-	-
1.56	1.80	76.7	5.77	0.67	3.29	1.11	-2.45	-
3.12	3.46	73.3	5.77	1.00	2.98	1.06	7.10	-
6.25	6.65	73.3	5.77	1.00	2.76	0.91	13.9	-
12.5	13.2	70.0	0.00	0.42	2.44	1.45	23.9	-
25.0	23.6	73.3	5.77	1.00	1.84	0.79	42.5	-
50.0	38.3	73.3	5.77	1.00	1.61	0.92	49.9	-
100	56.1	66.7	11.55	0.53	1.09	0.65	66.1	-
Alfalfa
Control	ND	86.7	5.77	-	3.78	1.03	-	-
1.56	1.80	93.3	5.77	0.18	3.52	1.06	6.93	-
3.12	3.46	86.7	15.28	1.00	3.30	1.08	12.8	-
6.25	6.65	86.7	11.55	1.00	3.14	0.86	17.1	-
12.5	13.2	96.7	5.77	0.23	2.96	0.69	21.9	-
25.0	23.6	90.0	0.00	0.42	2.75	0.65	27.3	-
50.0	38.3	96.7	5.77	0.23	2.10	0.68	44.4	-
100	56.1	80.0	10.00	0.18	1.88	0.58	50.2	-
Corn
Control	ND	80.0	10.00		5.53	1.73	-
100	56.1	80.0	10.00	1.00	5.27	1.37	4.71	0.79
Tomato
Control	ND	80.0	0.00	-	3.14	1.36	-	-
1.56	1.80	76.7	5.77	0.42	2.95	0.96	5.95	-
3.12	3.46	76.7	11.55	0.67	2.73	1.13	13.2	-
6.25	6.65	70.0	10.00	0.23	2.50	0.83	20.5	-
12.5	13.2	70.0	0.00	-	2.31	0.96	26.3	-
25.0	23.6	76.7	5.77	0.42	2.35	0.78	25.2	-
50.0	38.3	70.0	10.00	0.23	1.80	0.63	42.8	-
100	56.1	63.3	11.55	0.13	1.46	0.76	53.5	-
Cabbage
Control	ND	76.7	5.77	-	2.46	0.93	-	-
1.56	1.80	76.7	5.77	1.00	2.65	0.86	-7.69	-
3.12	3.46	73.3	5.77	0.42	2.56	0.71	-3.92	-
6.25	6.65	73.3	11.55	0.42	2.30	0.83	6.45	-
12.5	13.2	76.7	11.55	1.00	2.05	0.72	16.7	-
25.0	23.6	73.3	5.77	0.42	1.88	0.68	23.5	-
50.0	38.3	73.3	5.77	0.67	1.56	0.51	36.7	-
100	56.1	66.7	15.28	0.23	0.94	0.39	61.8	-
Rice
Control	ND	96.7	5.77		2.93	0.96	-
100	56.1	100.0	0.00	0.42	2.75	0.54	6.07	0.34
Lettuce
Control	ND	86.7	11.55	-	2.14	0.40	-	-
1.56	1.80	93.3	5.77	0.53	2.43	0.39	-13.6	-
3.12	3.46	90.0	10.00	0.42	1.85	0.47	13.5	-
6.25	6.65	90.0	10.00	0.42	1.68	0.45	21.4	-
12.5	13.2	90.0	10.00	0.42	1.22	0.27	43.0	-
25.0	23.6	90.0	10.00	0.81	1.04	0.21	51.5	-
50.0	38.3	96.7	5.77	0.42	0.90	0.24	57.8	-
100	56.1	90.0	17.32	0.74	0.78	0.12	63.5	-

SD: Standard deviation

ND: Not detected

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Remarks:

For each plant species, ≥ 65 % of the control seed had germinated (actual: 73.3 - 96.7 %) and developed roots that were ≥ 20 mm long.

Conclusions:

The EC10 values for root elongation were determined to be > 56.1 mg/L for corn and rice, 23.1 mg/L for mung bean, 11.8 mg/L for cucumber, 7.73 mg/L for common wheat, 9.90 mg/L for cabbage, 3.34 mg/L for alfalfa, 4.96 mg/L for canola, 2.42 mg/L for lettuce and 11.6 mg/L for tomato. The EC50 values for root elongation were determined to be > 56.1 mg/L for corn, rice and mung bean, 47.6 mg/L for cucumber, 60.6 mg/L for common wheat, 47.0 mg/L for cabbage, 62.0 mg/L for alfalfa, 33.6 mg/L for canola, 24.8 mg/L for lettuce and 49.3 mg/L for tomato. Key results (most sensitive species"Lactuca sativa) are converted from mg/L to mg/kg soil dw by dividing with the density (d = 1.48). After conversion, EC50 = 16.76 mg/kg soil dw and EC 10 = 1.64 mg/kg soil dw.

Executive summary:

A seed germination/root elongation toxicity test was conducted with 10 plant species according to MEP (People's Republic of China) Guidelines for the Testing of Chemical No. 209 (2013). Nominal concentrations of 1.56, 3.12, 6.25, 12.5, 25.0, 50.0 and 100 mg/L were tested, corresponding to mean measured concentrations of 1.80, 3.46, 6.65, 13.2, 23.6, 38.5 and 56.1 mg/L; the two lowest concentrations were not tested for mung bean and only the highest concentration was tested for rice and corn. Additionally, a control group was performed in parallel. The test was performed with a matrix of filter paper (5 layers) in Petri dishes containing the test solution, to which seeds were added. The test was ended when at least 65 % of the control seed had germinated and developed roots that were at least 20 mm long. The EC10 and EC50 values with 95 % confidence limits for each plant species are summarised in the table below:

Test species	EC10 (mg/L)	95 % confidence limit of EC10 (mg/L)	EC50 (mg/L)	95 % confidence limit of EC50 (mg/L)
Corn (Zea mays)	> 56.1	nd	> 56.1	nd
Rice (Oryza sativa)	> 56.1	nd	> 56.1	nd
Mung bean (Vignaradiate)	23.1	0.124 - 348	> 56.1	nd
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus)	11.8	4.69 - 29.5	47.6	19.0 - 119
Common wheat (Triticum aestirum)	7.73	2.79 - 21.4	60.6	21.9 - 168
Cabbage (Brassica oleracea)	9.90	6.71 - 14.6	47.0	31.9 - 69.3
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa)	3.34	2.00 - 5.57	62.0	37.1 - 103
Canola (Brassica rapa)	4.96	4.23 - 5.82	33.6	28.7 - 39.4
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa)	2.42	1.91 - 3.08	24.8	19.5 - 31.5
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)	11.6	10.7 - 12.7	49.3	45.3 - 53.6

Key results (most sensitive species"Lactuca sativa) are converted from mg/L to mg/kg soil dw by dividing with the density (d = 1.48). After conversion, EC50 = 16.76  mg/kg soil dw and EC 10 = 1.64 mg/kg soil dw.

Description of key information

5-d EC50 = 24.8 mg/L = 16.76 mg/kg soil dw , EC10 = 2.42 mg/L = 1.64 mg/kg soil dw, key values are converted to mg/kg soil dw by dividing with the density (d = 1.48), filter paper (seed germination/root elongation toxicity test), MEP 299, Xue 2015

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Short-term EC50 or LC50 for terrestrial plants:

16.76 mg/kg soil dw

Long-term EC10, LC10 or NOEC for terrestrial plants:

1.64 mg/kg soil dw

Additional information

A seed germination/root elongation toxicity test was conducted with 10 plant species according to MEP (People's Republic of China) Guidelines for the Testing of Chemical No. 209 (2013). Nominal concentrations of 1.56, 3.12, 6.25, 12.5, 25.0, 50.0 and 100 mg/L were tested, corresponding to mean measured concentrations of 1.80, 3.46, 6.65, 13.2, 23.6, 38.5 and 56.1 mg/L; the two lowest concentrations were not tested for mung bean and only the highest concentration was tested for rice and corn. Additionally, a control group was performed in parallel. The test was performed with a matrix of filter paper (5 layers) in Petri dishes containing the test solution, to which seeds were added. The test was ended when at least 65 % of the control seed had germinated and developed roots that were at least 20 mm long. Based on the results, it was concluded that lettuce (Lactuca sativa) was the most sensitive endpoint. The effect values of this species are converted from mg/L to mg/kg soil dw by dividing with the density (d = 1.48). After conversion, EC50 = 16.76  mg/kg soil dw and EC 10 = 1.64 mg/kg soil dw.