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EC number: 200-296-3 | CAS number: 56-89-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Basic toxicokinetics
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- basic toxicokinetics
- Type of information:
- not specified
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Data from handbook or data collection
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- review article or handbook
- Title:
- Amino acids from chemical group 34, Flavouring Group Evaluation 26, Revision 1
- Author:
- AFC (EFSA)
- Year:
- 2 008
- Bibliographic source:
- The EFSA Journal, 790, 1-51
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Cystine
- EC Number:
- 200-296-3
- EC Name:
- Cystine
- Cas Number:
- 56-89-3
- Molecular formula:
- C6H12N2O4S2
- IUPAC Name:
- cystine
Constituent 1
Results and discussion
Main ADME results
- Type:
- other:
- Results:
- L-Cystine metabolic pathway
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- L-Cystine is converted to L-cysteine through cystine reductase, which requires NADH as cofactor.
L-Cysteine is the central compound in sulfur metabolism in the human body. In proteins the for-mation of disulfide bonds between the thiol groups of cysteine plays an important role for tertiary structure and enzymatic activity, Cysteine is however always incorporated in the polypeptide chain as cysteine.
L-Cysteine is degraded to pyruvate in two steps, one is removal of sulphur and the other is a transamination. Cysteine can be metabolised to form taurine and carbon dioxide through the cys-teinsulfinate pathway, where the initial step is oxidation of cysteine to cysteine sulfinate. This step is catalysed by cysteine dioxygenase. Cysteine sulfinate may then be decarboxylated to form taurine or it may be metabolised via the putative intermediate beta-sulfinylpyruvate to pyruvate and sulfite and then to carbondioxide and sulfate (Stipanuk, 1986). D-Cysteine is not metabolised to taurine (Cavallini et al., 1958; Krijgsheld et al., 1981). - Executive summary:
L-Cystine is converted to L-cysteine through cystine reductase, which requires NADH as cofactor.
L-Cysteine is the central compound in sulfur metabolism in the human body. In proteins the for-mation of disulfide bonds between the thiol groups of cysteine plays an important role for tertiary structure and enzymatic activity, Cysteine is however always incorporated in the polypeptide chain as cysteine.
L-Cysteine is degraded to pyruvate in two steps, one is removal of sulphur and the other is a transamination. Cysteine can be metabolised to form taurine and carbon dioxide through the cys-teinsulfinate pathway, where the initial step is oxidation of cysteine to cysteine sulfinate. This step is catalysed by cysteine dioxygenase. Cysteine sulfinate may then be decarboxylated to form taurine or it may be metabolised via the putative intermediate beta-sulfinylpyruvate to pyruvate and sulfite and then to carbondioxide and sulfate (Stipanuk, 1986). D-Cysteine is not metabolised to taurine (Cavallini et al., 1958; Krijgsheld et al., 1981).
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