Titanium tetrachloride

Genetic toxicity: in vitro

Administrative data

Endpoint:

in vitro DNA damage and/or repair study

Remarks:

Type of genotoxicity: DNA damage and/or repair

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Meets generally accepted scientific standards, well documented and acceptable for assessment

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Mutagenicity evaluation of forty-one metal salts by the umu test

Author:

Yamamoto A,Kohyama Y, Hanawa T

Year:

2002

Bibliographic source:

J Biomed Mater Res. 59(1):176-83

Materials and methods

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Titanium terachloride was tested in the umu test, which can evaluate the genotoxicity of a substance by measuring the induction of the bacterial SOS response which is induced by single-strand DNA gaps or DNA fragments produced as the result of danage to DNA.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Type of assay:

SOS/umu assay

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Titanium tetrachloride

EC Number:

231-441-9

EC Name:

Titanium tetrachloride

Cas Number:

7550-45-0

Molecular formula:

Cl4Ti

IUPAC Name:

titanium tetrachloride

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): TiCl4
- Physical state: liquid
- Analytical purity: >99%

Method

Species / strain

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium TA 1535 pSK1002

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Metabolic activation system:

S-9 mix

Test concentrations with justification for top dose:

0.00042-0.021 mol/L

Vehicle / solvent:

- Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: [Phosphate-buffered saline without calcium and magnesium salts (PBS(-))]

Controls

Controls 1

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

True negative controls:

not specified

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

other: 2-aminoanthracene

Remarks:

with S-9 mix

Controls 2

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

True negative controls:

not specified

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

furylfuramide

Remarks:

without S-9 mix

Details on test system and experimental conditions:

METHOD OF APPLICATION: in medium

DURATION
2 h at 37 °C, addition of X-Gal, 1 h at 37 °C

DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: relative total growth

Evaluation criteria:

To judge metal salt mutagenicity, the RAB curve of each metal salt is drawn based on more than six concentrations.
When the RABmax, is larger than 0.1, the metal salt is estimated to be "mutagenic". For mutagenic salts, the test was repeated until the RAB peak was
obtained. The starting range of the RAB curve (where RAB is equal to zero at relatively low concentrations) or the ending range of the
curve (where the RAB decreases below Zero at relatively high concentrations) is also confirmed. The metal salt mutagenicity was expressed
quantitatively by two Factors, Cmax and RABmax. For nonmutagenic metal salts, the test is repeated by changing the metal salt concentration range
until two points, described below are confirmed from its RAB curve: 1. the RAB is approximately zero over several ranges of the metal salt
concentration, and then 2. the RAB decreased to below zero at more than two concentrations of the metal salt by its toxicity.

Statistics:

no data

Results and discussion

Test results

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 1535 pSK1002

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

not specified

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Remarks on result:

other: all strains/cell types tested

Remarks:

Migrated from field 'Test system'.