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EC number: 201-956-3 | CAS number: 89-98-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Dermal absorption
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- dermal absorption in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 988
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 427 (Skin Absorption: In Vivo Method)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- only one dose level per route tested
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 2-chlorobenzaldehyde
- EC Number:
- 201-956-3
- EC Name:
- 2-chlorobenzaldehyde
- Cas Number:
- 89-98-5
- Molecular formula:
- C7H5ClO
- IUPAC Name:
- 2-chlorobenzaldehyde
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): 2-chlorobenzaldehyde
- Analytical purity: 98%
Constituent 1
- Radiolabelling:
- yes
- Remarks:
- 14C
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Wistar
- Sex:
- male
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: TNO stock, Zeist (The Netherlands)
- Age at study initiation: 6 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: 180 - 200g
- Fasting period before study:
- Housing: 3 days prior to experiments the rats were housed in individual glass metabolism cages 30 cm designed to separate urine from faeces
and to trap expired air.
- Individual metabolism cages: yes
- Diet and water ad libitum
Air was drawn through the metabolism cage (volume 24 l) at a rate of 400 ml/min by means of a peristaltic pump, so that the pressure inside the cage was somewhat lower than outside . This air was led from the metabolism cage subsequently through three gaswashing bottles ; the first one was empty and put on ice to trap expired water ; the next two bottles contained 20% water in ethanolamine (v/v) to traexpired CO2. The trap solution was renewed every 6 hours.
Administration / exposure
- Type of coverage:
- other: glass cup
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Duration of exposure:
- 24 h
- Doses:
- 75 µl/kg ; 1 .83 mCi/ml
- No. of animals per group:
- 8
- Details on study design:
- DOSE PREPARATION
- Method for preparation of dose suspensions: The specific activity of the compound was 740 MBq/mmol (20 mCi/mmol) and was reduced by addition of pure unlabelled material to 10.2 MBq/mmol (0.275 mCi/mmol). Radiochemical purity was at least 98%.
APPLICATION OF DOSE: The radiolabelled benzaldehyde (dose 75 ltl/kg ; 1 .83 mCi/ml) was pipetted undiluted in the cup, which was closed immediately afterwards with a glass-cover using a cyanoacrylate adhesive .
TEST SITE
- Preparation of test site: 16 hrs before topical applications of 1°C- 2-chlorobenzaldehyde, hair on a part of the right dorsal area was shaved with clippers. Then a glass cup was fixed to the shaved ratskin with cyanoacrylate adhesive 1 hour before the start of the experiment. The cup was glued in such a way that no contact between the glass or the adhesive with the treated skin was possible .
- Type of cover / wrap if used: The cup on the animal was fixed by two pieces of crossed elastic adhesive bandages of 1 cm width. Then crepebandage and elastic adhesive bandage was wound around the animal in such a way as not to hinder its respiration.
SAMPLE COLLECTION
- Collection of blood: collected from femoral artery at time intervals during the experimental period of 72 h
- Collection of urine and faeces: urine collected at regular time intervals for 72 h after application; faeces collected quantitatively at daily intervals
- Collection of expired air: Samples from the gas-washing bottles taken frequently via syringe-connected catheters without interruption of air flow
ANALYSIS
- radioactivity was measured using a liquid scintillation counter, Packard TRICARB model 460 CD. The counting efficiency was determined by an
internal standard.
- Blood samples: fractionated in plasma and cells, stored at 4°C for less than 6 h; bloodplasma dissolved and counted in Instagel/0 .5 M HCI (9 :1, v/v); erythrocytes dissolved (mixture of soluene 350 and 2-propanol (1 : 1, v/v)), bleached (35% hydrogen peroxide) and counted in Instagel/0.5 M
HCI (9 :1, v/v).
- Urine and ethanolamine-C02 samples: weighed; counted directly in scintillation liquid (Instagel); Weighed samples of feaces - homogenized;. Aliquots dissolved in soluene 350 at 50°C for 2 h, cooled at 4°C for 5 min, mixed with 2-propanol, bleached with 35% hydrogen peroxide, counted in Instagel/0 .5 M HCI (9 : I, v/v).
- glass-cup rinsed with methanol, rinsing fluids collected in glass-scintillation vials until counting (Instagel).
- exposed skin: widely excised, cut into small pieces, solubilized in Soluene 350 at 50°C for 2 h . After cooling 2- propanol was added and the mixture was bleached (35% hydrogen peroxide). Duplicate samples were counted.
- qualitative and quantitative determination of metabolites in urine with a thin layer chromatography- radioautography method.
Results and discussion
- Signs and symptoms of toxicity:
- no effects
Percutaneous absorption
- Dose:
- 4000-6000 dpm/g
- Parameter:
- percentage
- Absorption:
- ca. 0.1 %
- Remarks on result:
- other: 10-15 h post dosing
Any other information on results incl. tables
Cutaneously administered 14C-2-chlorobenzaldehyde (75 µI/kg) was well absorbed by the skin of rats as indicated by plasma radioactivity levels and the high total recovery of radioactivity. The slow increase in plasma-radioactivity was shown in all cutaneous experiments and the peak plasma concentrations of 4000-6000 dpm/g were reached 10 -15 h post dosing. Thereafter the plasma-radioactivity declined slowly with a 14C half-life ranging between 20 and 40 h.
The major portion of radioactivity was excreted in the urine. Small amounts were found in the faeces and in the exhaled air. The cutaneously administered radioactivity was mainly recovered from urine, faeces and glasscup over a 3-day period. Urinary excretion of the radioactivity was found about 45% within the first 24 h post dosing: About 15% of the 75 µl/kg dose of 14C-2-chlorobenzaldehyde was found in the glasscup and on the skin. The exhalation of 14C02 over a period of 72 h was minimal, approximately 1% of the dose.
The principal metabolite in rat urine was 2-chlorohippuric acid . The radioactivity derived from 14C-2-chlorobenzyl alcohol was mostly excreted in the second-day urine of the cutaneously treated rats. About 15% of the total urinary radioactivity was eliminated as 2-chlorobenzyl alcohol and 2-chlorobenzoic acid into urine within 72 h (cutaneous).
No radioactivity was retained in the red blood cells after administration of 14C-2-chlorobenzaldehyde .
Applicant's summary and conclusion
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