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Ecotoxicological information

Short-term toxicity to fish

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Description of key information

The short-term toxicity in fish of components of olefines polymer, oxidized, hydrolyzed, distillation residues has been documented within this dossier.  Adequate reliable measured data exists for short-term toxicity to fish to components of olefines polymer, oxidized, hydrolyzed, distillation residues (namely, icosan-1-ol and docosan-1-ol). The most sensitive study result from across the two substances was a reliable study with octadecan-1-ol (Wetton 1996), with read-across applied to icosan-1-ol, which reports an LC50 for short term toxicity in fish of >0.0011 mg/L, which is at the limit of solubility. Adqeuate reliable tests with long chain alcohols category, including icosan-1-ol and docosan-1-ol, show no acute toxicity to fish at levels greater than the limit of solubility.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water fish

Fresh water fish
Effect concentration:
0.4 mg/L

Additional information

Olefines polymer, oxidized, hydrolyzed, distillation residues is a by-product of the C20 alcohols manufacturing process. It is a UVCB substance that comprises several linear long chain alcohols, predominantly docosan-1-ol (C22), tetracosan-1-ol (C24), hexacosan-1-ol (C26) and eicosan-1-ol (C20). Together, these substances make up over 80% of the composition of olefines polymer, oxidized, hydrolyzed, distillation residues. Other constituents include, to a much lesser extent, secondary long chain alcohols and complex mixtures of long chain carboxylate esters. On this basis, study data, where available, for each of the long chain alcohol constituents has been evaluated and considered together; this is consistent with the Category approach applied for Long Chain Alcohols (LCA) under REACH.  In a conservative approach the most sensitive study result from the constituents of the LCA category have been identified and used to address the endpoint in question.

Several reliable (Klimisch 1 or 2) short-term toxicity studies in fish have been conducted for constituents of olefines polymer, oxidized, hydrolyzed, distillation residues and are included in this dossier. The reliable studies included for each constituents briefly described below. In a conservative approach the most sensitive study result from across the two constituents will be identified and used to address the hazard endpoint in question.

Icosan-1-ol

There are no reliable measured data for the short-term toxicity of icosan-1-ol to fish. However, one reliable (Klimisch 2) predicted study was available for the short-term toxicity of icosan-1-ol to fish. In addition, a read-across approach was used as reliable measured data was available for docosan-1-ol and octadecan-1-ol. These studies are discussed below.

Fisk et al. (2009) provided predicted results for the short-term toxicity of icosan-1-ol to fish using a validated QSAR based on measured data available across the alcohols category and the Log Kow of the substance. Fisk et al. (2009) predicted a 96hr LC50 of >100 mg/L for short–term toxicity to fish when exposed to icosan-1-ol. The result was compared to the limit of solubility (LoS) and for this substance the predicted LC50 is greater than the limit of solubility (>LoS, which is 0.1 mg/L). It is concluded that under circumstances when the predicted LC50 is greater than the LoS, the substance is not considered to be toxic.

Wetton (1996) conducted an OECD 203 compliant test exposing Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, to octadecan-1-ol for 96 hours resulting in a 96hr LC50 of >1000 mg/L. Read-across was applied for this study as the test substance, octadecan-1-ol, was noted as similar in properties to icosan-1-ol. A 96 h LC50 value of >0.4 mg/L was determined for the effect of the test substance on mortality of the fish Oncorhynchus mykiss. The water solubility of octadecanol is 0.0011 mg/L at 25˚C (SIDS dossier on 1-octadecanol, 1993b; Budavari, 1996), therefore the LC50 value is >0.0011 mg/L, (greater than the limit of solubility); that is, the test substance was not toxic at the limit of solubility. Docosan-1-ol

Fisk et al. (2009) provided reliable (Klimisch 2) predicted results for the short-term toxicity of docoosan-1-ol to fish using a validated QSAR based on measured data available across the alcohols category and the Log Kow of the substance. Fisk et al. (2009) predicted a 96hr LC50 of >100 mg/L for short-term toxicity to fish when exposed to docosan-1-ol. The result was compared to the limit of solubility and for this substance the predicted LC50 is greater than the limit of solubility (which is 0.1 mg/L). It is concluded that under circumstances when the predicted LC50 is greater than the limit of solubility, the substance is not considered to be toxic.

Wetton (2000) conducted an OECD 203 and GLP exposing Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, to docosan-1-ol for 96 hours resulting in a 96hr LL50 of >1000 mg/L WAF (water accommodated fraction). Measured values are preferred over predicted values and therefore, the Wetton (2000) study is designated as key for assessment purposes.

The short-term toxicity in fish of components of olefines polymer, oxidized, hydrolyzed, distillation residues has been documented within this dossier. Adequate reliable measured data exists for short-term toxicity to fish to components of olefines polymer, oxidized, hydrolyzed, distillation residues (namely, icosan-1-ol and docosan-1-ol). In a conservative approach the most sensitive study result from across the two constituents has been identified and used to address the hazard endpoint in question. The most sensitive study result from across the two substances has been identified as a reliable study with octadecan-1-ol (Wetton 1996), with read-across applied to icosan-1-ol, which reports an LC50 for short term toxicity in fish of >0.0011 mg/L, which is at the limit of solubility. Consequently this value will be taken as the short-term toxicity in fish endpoint for olefines polymer, oxidized, hydrolyzed, distillation residues.