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Ecotoxicological information

Long-term toxicity to fish

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Description of key information

The long-term toxicity in fish of olefines polymer, oxidized, hydrolyzed, distillation residues constituents has been documented within this dossier.  In accordance with REACH Annex XI, section 1, testing does not appear scientifically necessary for Annex endpoint 9.1.6.  Sufficient information is available to predict an absence of toxicity at the limit of solubility for linear alcohols with carbon chain lengths >C15.  Moreover, from experience gained in tests that have been conducted with substances in this category, considerable technical difficulties would be expected in the conduct of such a test, due to the very rapid biotic removal of the substance from the test system.  Therefore, long-term toxicity to fish requirements are waived based on technical testing difficulties, ready biodegradation and no short-term toxicity to aquatic organisms at the limit of solubility.  No reliable measured or predicted long-term toxicity data to fish for constituents of olefines polymer, oxidized, hydrolyzed, distillation residues is available.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Additional information

In accordance with REACH Annex XI, section 1, testing does not appear scientifically necessary for Annex endpoint 9.1.6. Sufficient information is available to predict an absence of toxicity at the limit of solubility for linear alcohols with carbon chain lengths ≥C15. Moreover, from experience gained in tests that have been conducted with substances in this category, considerable technical difficulties would be expected in conducting such a test, due to the low solubility of the test substance and its very rapid biotic removal from the test system. Therefore, long-term toxicity to fish requirements are waived based on technical testing difficulties, ready biodegradation and low to no short-term toxicity to aquatic organisms at the limit of solubility. No reliable measured or predicted long-term toxicity data to fish for constituents of olefines polymer, oxidized, hydrolyzed, distillation residues is available.

 

Study not technically feasible

The requirement to conduct long-term toxicity studies for icosan-1-ol and docosan-1-ol is waived due to anticipated technical difficulties in performing such a test. Guideline (standard) studies for long-term toxicity testing would be confounded by the technical difficulties of maintaining the constituent alcohols (icosan-1-ol and docosan-1-ol) in solution, as was demonstrated in long-term invertebrate studies reported in the OECD SIDS Report for Long Chain Alcohols (2006). Severe difficulties were encountered when studies were conducted with ≥C15 alcohols, which are similar to constituents of olefines polymer, oxidized, hydrolyzed, distillation residues, as biodegradation in the test system was almost complete within the 24-hr test media renewal period.

Biodegradation

Reliable studies (Klimisch score 2) were performed in accordance with OECD Guideline 301B (Ready Biodegradability: CO2 Evolution Test) on two primary constituents of olefines polymer, oxidized, hydrolyzed, distillation residues, icosan-1-ol and docosan-1-ol. 88.4% and 87.9% of icosan-1-ol and docosan-1-ol respectively degraded after 28 days with an unacclimated sewage sludge inoculum. The test substances also achieved 60% degradation within the 10-day window indicating ready biodegradability.  In two reliable studies by Flach (2012), the degradation of 2-decyltetradecanol and docosan-1 -ol were 84.9% and 87.5%, respectively, after 28 days with the degradation rate reaching more than 60% within the 10-day window. As these constituents are readily biodegradable, olefines polymers, oxidized, hydrolyzed, distillation residues can also be regarded as readily biodegradable. Minor residual constituents which include ethers and esters are also expected to degrade rapidly. It should be noted that these minor residual constituent degradation products of olefines polymer, oxidized, hydrolyzed, distillation residues are unlikely to be chemicals that might be a cause for concern.

Toxicity to Aquatic Organisms

Generally the short-term aquatic toxicity of the two primary constituent substances (icosan-1-ol and docosan-1-ol) is low and long-term toxicity is considered to be greater than the limit of solubility (LoS) for alcohols ≥ C15 in chain length. In addition, the ready biodegradability of the test substance means long-term exposure to aquatic organisms is unlikely. Therefore, long-term toxicity to fish requirements are waived based on technical testing difficulties, ready biodegradation and no short-term toxicity to aquatic organisms at the limit of solubility.