Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 700-762-0 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Dermal absorption
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- dermal absorption in vitro / ex vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 2002
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: The documentation is from secondary literature.
- Justification for type of information:
- A discussion and report on the read across strategy is given as an attachment in IUCLID Section 13.
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across: supporting information
Reference
- Endpoint:
- dermal absorption in vitro / ex vivo
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 2002
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: The documentation is from secondary literature.
- Justification for type of information:
- A discussion and report on the read across strategy is given as an attachment in IUCLID Section 13.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 428 (Skin Absorption: In Vitro Method)
- Deviations:
- no
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Comparison of human and pig (ear) dermatomed skin in vitro using Franz diffusion cells.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- not specified
- Radiolabelling:
- yes
- Remarks:
- 0.5 uCi of 14C labeled hexadecane
- Species:
- other: human and porcine skin
- Strain:
- not specified
- Sex:
- not specified
- Type of coverage:
- other: in vitro
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Duration of exposure:
- 24 hours with serial samples
- Doses:
- One mL of JP-8 fuel
- Control animals:
- no
- Details on study design:
- 1 mL of JP-8 jet fuel containing 0.5 uCi of 14C- labeled hexadecane (1.92 x 10E-4 mM/mL JP-8) was applied to the skin the in donor side of the Franz diffusion cells. 6 cells/substance.
- Details on in vitro test system (if applicable):
- In Vitro Percutaneous Absorption. Franz diffusion cells were utilized. The surface of the epidermis exposed to the solution was 1 cm2. The pig/human skin was sandwiched between the cells with the dermal side towards receiver compartment. 1 mL of JP-8 jet fuel containing 0.5 uCi of 14C- labeled hexadecane was applied to the skin the in donor compartment (1.92 x 10E-4 mM/mL JP-8). Donor compartment was capped with a glass cap snugly fitted to prevent evaporation of the chemical. The receiver compartment contained 5 mL PBS and was constantly stirred. Aliquots of 20uL were withdrawn from the receiver compartment over the duration of the experiment. Six sets of experiments were performed for each chemical.
Determination to Powdered Pig/ Human Stratum Corneum. The binding of hexadecane was determined from powdered pig/human skin. The skin was pulverized with a mortar and pestle. The particles that passed through a 48-mesh sieve but retained by an 80-mesh sieve were used. The particles were mixed with 0.5 uCi of 14C- labeled hexadecane (1.92 x 10E-4 mM/mL JP-8) and allowed to come to equilibrium over 10h. The mixture was separated by centrifugation and the amount of bound chemical was determined by subtracting the recovered supernatant from total amount of chemical originally added through the use of a liquid scintillation counter. - Signs and symptoms of toxicity:
- not examined
- Dermal irritation:
- not examined
- Absorption in different matrices:
- The flux, permeability coefficient (Kp), and binding of hexadecane for porcine skin was determined to be 8.80 +/- 0.00 (nmol/cm2/h) x 10E-3. The permeability coefficient (Kp), and binding of hexadecane for human skin were determined to be 7.02 +/- 0.00 (nmol/cm2/h) x 10E-3
- Total recovery:
- Not specified
- Conversion factor human vs. animal skin:
- Can be equivalent to 1.
- Conclusions:
- The flux, permeability coefficient (Kp), and binding of hexadecane for porcine skin was determined to be 8.80 +/- 0.00 (nmol/cm2/h) x 10E-3. The permeability coefficient (Kp), and binding of hexadecane for human skin were determined to be 7.02 +/- 0.00 (nmol/cm2/h) x 10E-3. Factor of difference (FOD) in the permeability of pig and human skin was 1.28 for hexadecane. The FOD in binding of hexadecane to pig and human skin was found to be 0.76.
- Executive summary:
Human and pig skin pertmeability coefficient were compared using the determination of flux and permeability coefficient measured in a Franz cell. Measurements were made at 30 minutes, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours. The flux, permeability coefficient (Kp), and binding of hexadecane for porcine skin was determined to be 8.80 +/- 0.00 (nmol/cm2/h) x 10E-3. The permeability coefficient (Kp), and binding of hexadecane for human skin were determined to be 7.02 +/- 0.00 (nmol/cm2/h) x 10E-3. Factor of difference (FOD) in the permeability of pig and human skin was 1.28 for hexadecane. The FOD in binding of hexadecane to pig and human skin was found to be 0.76.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- In vitro permeability and binding of hydrocarbons in pig ear and human abdominal skin
- Author:
- Singh Somnath, Zhao Kaidi, Singh Jagdish
- Year:
- 2 002
- Bibliographic source:
- Drug and Chemical Toxicology 25( 1): 83-92
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 428 (Skin Absorption: In Vitro Method)
- Deviations:
- no
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Comparison of human and pig (ear) dermatomed skin in vitro using Franz diffusion cells.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Hexadecane
- EC Number:
- 208-878-9
- EC Name:
- Hexadecane
- Cas Number:
- 544-76-3
- Molecular formula:
- C16H34
- IUPAC Name:
- hexadecane
- Reference substance name:
- JP-8
- IUPAC Name:
- JP-8
- Details on test material:
- JP-8 fuel
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
- Radiolabelling:
- yes
- Remarks:
- 0.5 uCi of 14C labeled hexadecane
Test animals
- Species:
- other: human and porcine skin
- Strain:
- not specified
- Sex:
- not specified
Administration / exposure
- Type of coverage:
- other: in vitro
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Duration of exposure:
- 24 hours with serial samples
- Doses:
- One mL of JP-8 fuel
- Control animals:
- no
- Details on study design:
- 1 mL of JP-8 jet fuel containing 0.5 uCi of 14C- labeled hexadecane (1.92 x 10E-4 mM/mL JP-8) was applied to the skin the in donor side of the Franz diffusion cells. 6 cells/substance.
- Details on in vitro test system (if applicable):
- In Vitro Percutaneous Absorption. Franz diffusion cells were utilized. The surface of the epidermis exposed to the solution was 1 cm2. The pig/human skin was sandwiched between the cells with the dermal side towards receiver compartment. 1 mL of JP-8 jet fuel containing 0.5 uCi of 14C- labeled hexadecane was applied to the skin the in donor compartment (1.92 x 10E-4 mM/mL JP-8). Donor compartment was capped with a glass cap snugly fitted to prevent evaporation of the chemical. The receiver compartment contained 5 mL PBS and was constantly stirred. Aliquots of 20uL were withdrawn from the receiver compartment over the duration of the experiment. Six sets of experiments were performed for each chemical.
Determination to Powdered Pig/ Human Stratum Corneum. The binding of hexadecane was determined from powdered pig/human skin. The skin was pulverized with a mortar and pestle. The particles that passed through a 48-mesh sieve but retained by an 80-mesh sieve were used. The particles were mixed with 0.5 uCi of 14C- labeled hexadecane (1.92 x 10E-4 mM/mL JP-8) and allowed to come to equilibrium over 10h. The mixture was separated by centrifugation and the amount of bound chemical was determined by subtracting the recovered supernatant from total amount of chemical originally added through the use of a liquid scintillation counter.
Results and discussion
- Signs and symptoms of toxicity:
- not examined
- Dermal irritation:
- not examined
- Absorption in different matrices:
- The flux, permeability coefficient (Kp), and binding of hexadecane for porcine skin was determined to be 8.80 +/- 0.00 (nmol/cm2/h) x 10E-3. The permeability coefficient (Kp), and binding of hexadecane for human skin were determined to be 7.02 +/- 0.00 (nmol/cm2/h) x 10E-3
- Total recovery:
- Not specified
- Conversion factor human vs. animal skin:
- Can be equivalent to 1.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The flux, permeability coefficient (Kp), and binding of hexadecane for porcine skin was determined to be 8.80 +/- 0.00 (nmol/cm2/h) x 10E-3. The permeability coefficient (Kp), and binding of hexadecane for human skin were determined to be 7.02 +/- 0.00 (nmol/cm2/h) x 10E-3. Factor of difference (FOD) in the permeability of pig and human skin was 1.28 for hexadecane. The FOD in binding of hexadecane to pig and human skin was found to be 0.76.
- Executive summary:
Human and pig skin pertmeability coefficient were compared using the determination of flux and permeability coefficient measured in a Franz cell. Measurements were made at 30 minutes, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours. The flux, permeability coefficient (Kp), and binding of hexadecane for porcine skin was determined to be 8.80 +/- 0.00 (nmol/cm2/h) x 10E-3. The permeability coefficient (Kp), and binding of hexadecane for human skin were determined to be 7.02 +/- 0.00 (nmol/cm2/h) x 10E-3. Factor of difference (FOD) in the permeability of pig and human skin was 1.28 for hexadecane. The FOD in binding of hexadecane to pig and human skin was found to be 0.76.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
