Nickel(III) oxy hydroxide

Endpoint summary

Additional information

Information characterizing the toxicokinetics of Ni oxyhydroxide in experimental animals is lacking. Data on the bioaccessibility of several Nickel compounds, like Ni oxide, Ni dihydroxide and Ni oxyhydroxide in simulated biological fluids as a surrogate for bioavailability are reported within Section 7.1.1 of this IUCLID file (KMHC, 2010 and 2011). In addition, Kasprzak et al., (1983) measured the rate of dissolution of (a) colloidal nickel(II)hydroxide, (b) air-dried nickel(II)hydroxide (DRY), and (c) crystalline industrial nickel(II)hydroxide (CRST), in human blood serum, artificial lung fluid, and ammonium acetate buffer. Additional qualitative excretion and tissue distribution data in humans were reported in studies surveying occupationally exposed nickel battery workers (see Human surveillances section); however exposure was not quantitatively evaluated and thus specific evaluation of kinetics is not possible.

For inhalation absorption, Ni oxyhydroxide can be read across from nickel oxide and nickel dihydroxide. Results of bioaccessibility studies show that the release of Ni in synthetic lung fluids (simulated interstitial fluid) from Ni oxyhydroxide resembles that of Ni oxides: Ni release after 72 hours as percent of available Ni was < 1% for green and black Ni oxide and Nickel dihydroxide as well as for Ni oxyhydroxide (KMHC, 2010 and 2011).  For oral absorption, Ni oxyhydroxide can be read across from Ni dihydroxide and Ni oxide since the compounds have similar Ni releases in synthetic gastric fluid (Ni dihydroxide: 26.3%, Ni oxide: 29.6% and Ni oxyhydroxide: 29.38%, respectively).