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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 201-058-1 | CAS number: 77-78-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
EU RISK ASSESSMENT – DIMETHYL SULPHATE
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
Oral and dermal
No oral or dermal repeated dose studies with DMS were reported.
Inhalation
In a two-week inhalation study in rats (Frame 1993) DMS was found to induce nasal epithelial cell proliferation at all concentrations tested (0.5, 3.7 and 6.3 mg/m36hr/day 5 d/wk). The 2.0- 3.7 fold increase in 2-bromo-5’-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation in nasal epithelium is larger than could be expected from DNA repair only. In respiratory epithelium BrdU incorporation was statistically increased in the highest exposure group only. At the two highest exposure concentrations lesions of the nasal and respiratory epithelium were found, including erosion, ulceration, and atrophy, which increased in severity with exposure concentration and decreased in severity from anterior to posterior regions. Hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and squamous metaplasia were observed in the respiratory epithelium only. The study, however, is insufficiently reported to allow any conclusion on the impact of the observed cell proliferation on the possible carcinogenic action of DMS (seeCarcinogenicity).
In a carcinogenicity study, rats, mice, and hamsters were exposed to 2.6 mg/m3DMS (6 hr/d, 2d/wk)7, 10.5 mg/m3once every two weeks or a sublethal dose for about 15 months (Schlögel, 1972). This study is reviewed in section 4.1.2.8. It is considered not suitable for evaluation as repeated dose study according to the guidelines, because no haematology, no clinical biochemistry and very limited histopathological examinations were performed.
Inflammation of the nasal cavity was seen in rats that were exposed to DMS (15.7 and 25.2 mg/m3, 1 hr/d, 5 d/wk for 130 days) in a study of Druckrey (1970) (seeCarcinogenicity).
It is reported that repeated inhalative exposure of rats and guinea-pigs for 4 months to 2.64±0.43 mg/m3induced changes in nervous system function, liver (fatty degeneration of single hepatocytes), kidney (degeneration of single renal tubuli), respiratory organs (bronchitis), and peripheral blood parameters. All changes except of bronchitis were reversible after a recovery period. A 4 month-exposure to 0.29±0.02 mg/m3induced only marginal changes. According to the authors these changes were without toxicological relevance (increased body weight, decreased hippuric acid elimination). No morphological changes could be found. In both concentration groups no effects on reproductive organs, spermatogenesis and sperm morphology were detected (Molodkina et al., 1986).
This study is considered not suitable for evaluation as repeated dose study because of the very limited reporting of study design and results. There are e.g. no data on number of animals per group, exposure duration per day, and a list of parameters studied is lacking. Furthermore the results were not substantiated with quantitative data. The conclusion of the authors that 0.29 mg/m3is the NOAEL for repeated-dose toxicity of DMS in their studies is not suppported. In another part of the repeated-dose inhalation studies with rats (exposure 4 months) and mice (exposure 2.5 months), reported in the same publication, and performed to assess the genotoxic activity of DMS, it is found that concentrations of 0.24 mg/m3and higher induce an increase in the percentage of bone marrow cells with chromosome aberrations. (see Genetic toxicity)
Justification for classification or non-classification
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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