Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
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EC number: 231-111-4 | CAS number: 7440-02-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Article service life
Documentsopen allclose all
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 26.1 Drinking water from nickel containing pipes and taps
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 2.4 µg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on European Union Risk Assessment (2008-2009) estimated for one person drinking 2L of water obtained entirely from drinking water systems. This figure is used for acute and longterm exposure. The scenario assumed a 70 kg person drinking 2L of water
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 2.4 µg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on European Union Risk Assessment (2008-2009) estimated for one person drinking 2L of water obtained entirely from drinking water systems. This figure is used for acute and longterm exposure. The scenario assumed a 70 kg person drinking 2L of water
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC10a: Widespread use of articles with low release (outdoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 01: Other (non intended to be released): data not available
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 01: Other (non intended to be released): data not available
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12c: Use of articles at industrial sites with low release
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 24.1a Consumer contact with coins that contain nickel (typical)
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 24.1b Consumer contact with coins that contain nickel (worst-case)
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenConsumersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.09 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.09 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
Contributing scenario for the consumers
- Linked contributing activity:
- 13dd5199-bdcd-4605-a94f-89c9154a8096
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.29 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.29 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 25.1 Direct and prolonged contact with skin
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.07 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on the recommended maximum release of 0.5 μg Ni/cm2/week Directive 94/27/EC, ≈ 0.07 μg released Ni ion/cm2 skin/day; assuming area of exposed skin matches area of object and equals 1 cm2.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC10a: Widespread use of articles with low release (outdoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Name of activity / technique:
- Stainless, special steels and special alloys manufacturing (S4A) ES1 direct discharge D10
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Name of activity / technique:
- Stainless, special steels and special alloys manufacturing (S4A) ES2 direct discharge D100
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Name of activity / technique:
- Stainless, special steels and special alloys manufacturing (S4A) ES3 direct discharge D1000
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Name of activity / technique:
- Stainless, special steels and special alloys manufacturing (S4A) ES4 marine discharge
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 6.1 Raw material handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 6.2 First processing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 6.3a. Further processing (hot rolling)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 6.3b. Further processing (cold rolling)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 6.4 Finishing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 6.5 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 6.6 Packing, shipping and storage
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 90th percentile long-term inhalation exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 90th percentile long-term inhalation exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for steelmaking and casting
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for steelmaking and casting
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for hot rolling
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for hot rolling
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for annealing, pickling, and welding
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for annealing, pickling, and welding
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- eye
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance (full shift)
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance (full shift)
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Acute exposure assumed to be 3X long term calculated with MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Acute exposure assumed to be 3X long term calculated with MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Not reported
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC7: Use of functional fluid at industrial site
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: SPERC: metal and metal compounds in metallic coatings
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Not reported
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Name of activity / technique:
- Machining of nickel alloys and nickel-coated metal objects ES1 STP discharge
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Name of activity / technique:
- Machining of nickel alloys and nickel-coated metal objects ES2 direct discharge
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Name of activity / technique:
- Machining of nickel alloys and nickel-coated metal objects ES3 marine discharge
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 33.1 Raw material handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 33.2 Machining operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 33.3 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- yes
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: not reported
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: not reported
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC7a: Metal articles: Large surface area articles
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 24.1a Consumer contact with coins that contain nickel (typical)
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 24.1b Consumer contact with coins that contain nickel (worst-case)
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenConsumersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.09 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.09 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
Contributing scenario for the consumers
- Linked contributing activity:
- 2b4ef196-3fec-46be-b8b0-a5df6b84bcf5
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.29 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.29 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel containing jewellery
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Direct and prolonged contact with the skin
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Mouthing of nickel containing jewellery
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 1: Vehicles
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 28.1 Piercings post containing nickel
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.03 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on the requirement of Directive 94/27/EC as amended by EC2004a for a maximum release rate of 0.2 μg Ni/cm2/week ≈ 0.03 μg released Ni ion/cm2 skin/day; assuming area of exposed skin matches area of object and equals 1 cm2.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Oral exposure will be limited to persons with tongue or lip piercings.
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Oral exposure will be limited to persons with tongue or lip piercings.
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC10a: Widespread use of articles with low release (outdoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Name of activity / technique:
- Stainless, special steels and special alloys manufacturing (S4A) ES1 direct discharge D10
- Name of activity / technique:
- Stainless, special steels and special alloys manufacturing (S4A) ES2 direct discharge D100
- Name of activity / technique:
- Stainless, special steels and special alloys manufacturing (S4A) ES3 direct discharge D1000
- Name of activity / technique:
- Stainless, special steels and special alloys manufacturing (S4A) ES4 marine discharge
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 6.1 Raw material handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 6.2 First processing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 6.3a. Further processing (hot rolling)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 6.3b. Further processing (cold rolling)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 6.4 Finishing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 6.5 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 6.6 Packing, shipping and storage
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
- Application of site specific biological STP sludge on agricultural soil:
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
- Application of site specific biological STP sludge on agricultural soil:
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 90th percentile long-term inhalation exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 90th percentile long-term inhalation exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for steelmaking and casting
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for steelmaking and casting
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for hot rolling
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for hot rolling
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for annealing, pickling, and welding
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for annealing, pickling, and welding
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- eye
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance (full shift)
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance (full shift)
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Acute exposure assumed to be 3X long term calculated with MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Acute exposure assumed to be 3X long term calculated with MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 90th percentile long-term inhalation exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 90th percentile long-term inhalation exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for steelmaking and casting
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for steelmaking and casting
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for hot rolling
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for hot rolling
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for annealing, pickling, and welding
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for annealing, pickling, and welding
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- eye
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance (full shift)
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance (full shift)
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Acute exposure assumed to be 3X long term calculated with MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Acute exposure assumed to be 3X long term calculated with MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 29.1a Tools and other release surfaces containing nickel (typical)
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 29.1b Tools and other release surfaces containing nickel (worst-case)
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenConsumersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.09 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.09 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
Contributing scenario for the consumers
- Linked contributing activity:
- ffae1bc6-abd4-4876-bb79-71d4366c0113
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.29 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.29 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- Nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- other: solid (bulk): substance in alloy
- Reference substance:
- Nickel
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel containing jewellery
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Direct and prolonged contact with the skin
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Mouthing of nickel containing jewellery
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC1: Manufacture of the substance
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Manufacture and recycling of massive metal, metal powder or metal compounds; emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.03%; water: 0.02% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel containing jewellery
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Name of activity / technique:
- Piercings post containing nickel
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- Nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- other: solid (bulk): substance in alloy
- Reference substance:
- Nickel
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel-containing articles by consumers
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manipulation of surface treated articles (e.g. drilling, sawing) by consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of surface treated articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Not reported
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Not reported
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of surface treated articles (anodic coating) used by consumers
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of surface treated articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manipulation of surface treated articles (e.g. drilling, sawing) by consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel-containing electronic parts and batteries
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12c: Use of articles at industrial sites with low release
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of matrices containing the substance with no foreseeable release
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metal; emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.08 %; water: 0.01 % (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Base Metal to be used as an intermediate in further processing such as production of alloys and battery manufacturing
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC1: Manufacture of the substance
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Manufacture and recycling of massive metal, metal powder or metal compounds; emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.3%; water: 0.02% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Base Metal to be used as an intermediate in further processing such as production of alloys and battery manufacturing
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12c: Use of articles at industrial sites with low release
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 28.1 Piercings post containing nickel
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.03 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on the requirement of Directive 94/27/EC as amended by EC2004a for a maximum release rate of 0.2 µg Ni/cm2/week ˜ 0.03 µg released Ni ion/cm2 skin/day; assuming area of exposed skin matches area of object and equals 1 cm2.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Oral exposure will be limited to persons with tongue or lip piercings.
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Oral exposure will be limited to persons with tongue or lip piercings.
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Name of activity / technique:
- Machining of nickel alloys and nickel-coated metal objects ES1 STP discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Machining of nickel alloys and nickel-coated metal objects ES2 direct discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Machining of nickel alloys and nickel-coated metal objects ES3 marine discharge
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 33.1 Raw material handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 33.2 Machining operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 33.3 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- yes
- Application of site specific biological STP sludge on agricultural soil:
- yes
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- AC 4: Stone, plaster, cement, glass and ceramic articles
- AC 0: Other:
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metal emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.08%; water: 0.01% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other:
- Article category (AC):
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- Article category (AC):
- AC 4: Stone, plaster, cement, glass and ceramic articles
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel-containing electronic parts and batteries in industrial settings
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12c: Use of articles at industrial sites with low release
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of matrices containing the substance with no foreseeable release
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Not reported
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Not reported
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: bulk
- Reference substance:
- nickel
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel containing pipes and taps used by consumers
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Nickel released to drinking water from nickel containing pipes and taps
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: bulk
- Reference substance:
- nickel
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of food contact materials containing nickel used by consumers
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing food contact material
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of Ni metal for Thermal Spraying ES1 only air emissions
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 34.1 Raw Material Handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Name of activity / technique:
- 34.2 Hand operated metal spraying operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 34.3 Thermal spraying/coating operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 34.4 Cleaning and Maintenance Operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and Maintenance
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use in metallic coating” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Assumed to be same as acute exposure as a conservative estimate in the absence of measured data.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Assumed to be same as acute exposure as a conservative estimate in the absence of measured data.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x the long-term exposure estimate based on measured data.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x the long-term exposure estimate based on measured data.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: permanent magnets and articles intended to become permanent magnets after magnetization
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: permanent magnets and articles intended to become permanent magnets after magnetization
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: No data
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC1: Manufacture of the substance
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: No data
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 01: Other (non intended to be released): no data
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 01: Other (non intended to be released): no data
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC1: Manufacture of the substance
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Manufacture and recycling of massive metal, metal powder or metal compounds; emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.3 %; water: 0.02 % (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Article used by:
- workers
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 1: Vehicles
- AC1a: Vehicles covered by End of Life Vehicles (ELV) directive
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Low energy mechanical processing of cold metal/alloy
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC10a: Widespread use of articles with low release (outdoor)
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- ERC12c: Use of articles at industrial sites with low release
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Name of activity / technique:
- Low energy mechanical processing of cold metal/alloy
- Article category (AC):
- AC 1: Vehicles
- AC1a: Vehicles covered by End of Life Vehicles (ELV) directive
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Name of activity / technique:
- Low energy mechanical processing of cold metal/alloy
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12c: Use of articles at industrial sites with low release
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 23.1 Drinking water from nickel-containing kettles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 3.4 µg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on typical use scenario from Nickel EU RAR (2008-2009) estimated for one person drinking 2L of water obtained entirely from kettles.
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 3.4 µg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on typical use scenario from the EU RAR (2008-2009) estimated for one person drinking 2L of water obtained entirely from kettles. This figure is also used for long-term exposure.
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 1: Vehicles
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- AC 7: Metal articles
- AC 38: Packaging material for metal parts, releasing grease/corrosion inhibitors
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 1: Vehicles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 38: Packaging material for metal parts, releasing grease/corrosion inhibitors
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 01: Other (non intended to be released): no data
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 01: Other (non intended to be released): no data
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of water heating devices such as kettles and immersion heaters that contain nickel used by consumers
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Name of activity / technique:
- Nickel released to drinking water from heating devices e.g. kettles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC1: Manufacture of the substance
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6b: Use of reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel-containing shaver foils
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of shaver foil in shaving heads during shaving
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Extraction of nickel ions out of the shaver foil during shaving
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Base Metal to be used as an intermediate in further processing such as production of alloys and battery manufacturing
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC1: Manufacture of the substance
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Manufacture and recycling of massive metal, metal powder or metal compounds; emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.3 %; water: 0.02 % (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Base Metal to be used as an intermediate in further processing such as production of alloys and battery manufacturing
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- Nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- other: solid (bulk): substance in alloy
- Reference substance:
- Nickel
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel containing jewellery
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Piercings post containing nickel
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 27.1 Food contact materials containing nickel
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenConsumersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 1.5 µg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on the mean total dietary nickel intake from the UK Total Diet Study of 2006 (Committee on Toxicity, 2006).
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 3 µg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on the 97.5th percentile of total dietary nickel intake from the UK Total Diet Study of 2006 (Committee on Toxicity, 2006).
Contributing scenario for the consumers
- Linked contributing activity:
- ed7f8c6d-7eaf-435d-9d41-3e7ff984c208
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 1.5 µg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on the mean total dietary nickel intake from the UK Total Diet Study of 2006 (Committee on Toxicity, 2006).
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 3 µg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on the 97.5th percentile of total dietary nickel intake from the UK Total Diet Study of 2006 (Committee on Toxicity, 2006).
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 1: Vehicles
- AC1a: Vehicles covered by End of Life Vehicles (ELV) directive
- AC1b: Other vehicles
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC2b: Other machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Additive Manufacturing
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Name of activity / technique:
- Additive Manufacturing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: bulk
- Reference substance:
- nickel
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of surface treated articles (anodic coating) used by consumers
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of surface treated articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manipulation of surface treated articles (e.g. drilling, sawing) by consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metal; emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.08 %; water: 0.01 % (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 01: Other (non intended to be released): no data
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 01: Other (non intended to be released): no data
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 01: Other (non intended to be released): no data
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 01: Other (non intended to be released): no data
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 26.1 Drinking water from nickel containing pipes and taps
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 2.4 µg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on European Union Risk Assessment (2008-2009) estimated for one person drinking 2L of water obtained entirely from drinking water systems. This figure is used for acute and longterm exposure. The scenario assumed a 70 kg person drinking 2L of water
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 2.4 µg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on European Union Risk Assessment (2008-2009) estimated for one person drinking 2L of water obtained entirely from drinking water systems. This figure is used for acute and longterm exposure. The scenario assumed a 70 kg person drinking 2L of water
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
- Article used by:
- workers
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 7: Metal articles
- AC 13: Plastic articles
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel alloys and nickel-coated objects (machining and handling) in professional settings
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Low energy handling of massive objects
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Abrasive processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Hot work operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Name of activity / technique:
- Machining of nickel alloys and nickel-coated metal objects ES1 STP discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Machining of nickel alloys and nickel-coated metal objects ES2 direct discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Machining of nickel alloys and nickel-coated metal objects ES3 marine discharge
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 33.1 Raw material handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 33.2 Machining operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 33.3 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- yes
- Application of site specific biological STP sludge on agricultural soil:
- yes
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 24.1a Consumer contact with coins that contain nickel (typical)
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 24.1b Consumer contact with coins that contain nickel (worst-case)
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenConsumersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.09 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.09 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
Contributing scenario for the consumers
- Linked contributing activity:
- c3051f9c-7baf-448e-aa3c-bf87efb62414
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.29 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.29 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
Contributing scenario for the consumers
- Linked contributing activity:
- b192828a-ccff-4db8-b74d-83ae0f65dd2b
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.09 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.09 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
Contributing scenario for the consumers
- Linked contributing activity:
- 9d748081-e5b7-4885-b9ec-21ae1561121a
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.29 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.29 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 26.1 Drinking water from nickel containing pipes and taps
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 2.4 µg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on European Union Risk Assessment (2008-2009) estimated for one person drinking 2L of water obtained entirely from drinking water systems. This figure is used for acute and longterm exposure. The scenario assumed a 70 kg person drinking 2L of water
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 2.4 µg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on European Union Risk Assessment (2008-2009) estimated for one person drinking 2L of water obtained entirely from drinking water systems. This figure is used for acute and longterm exposure. The scenario assumed a 70 kg person drinking 2L of water
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of Ni metal for Thermal Spraying ES1 only air emissions
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 34.1 Raw Material Handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Name of activity / technique:
- 34.2 Hand operated metal spraying operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 34.3 Thermal spraying/coating operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 34.4 Cleaning and Maintenance Operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and Maintenance
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use in metallic coating” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Assumed to be same as acute exposure as a conservative estimate in the absence of measured data.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Assumed to be same as acute exposure as a conservative estimate in the absence of measured data.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x the long-term exposure estimate based on measured data.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x the long-term exposure estimate based on measured data.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 29.1a Tools and other release surfaces containing nickel (typical)
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 29.1b Tools and other release surfaces containing nickel (worst-case)
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenConsumersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.09 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.09 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
Contributing scenario for the consumers
- Linked contributing activity:
- 947e0630-7718-4f2e-a18c-3d3cf194c21c
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.29 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.29 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: bulk
- Reference substance:
- nickel
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of water heating devices such as kettles and immersion heaters that contain nickel used by consumers
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Nickel released to drinking water from heating devices e.g. kettles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC10a: Widespread use of articles with low release (outdoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Name of activity / technique:
- EAF carbon steel manufacturing ES1 direct discharge D10
- Name of activity / technique:
- EAF carbon steel manufacturing ES2 direct discharge D100
- Name of activity / technique:
- EAF carbon steel manufacturing ES3 marine discharge
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 8.1 Raw material handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 8.2 First processing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 8.3a. Further processing (hot rolling)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 8.3b. Further processing (cold rolling)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 8.4 Finishing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 8.5 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 8.6 Packing, shipping and storage
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
- Place of use:
- outdoor
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 90th percentile longterm inhalation exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 90th percentile longterm inhalation exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for steelmaking and casting
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for steelmaking and casting
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for hot rolling
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for hot rolling
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for annealing, pickling, and welding
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for annealing, pickling, and welding
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance (full shift)
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance (full shift)
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Acute exposure assumed to be 3X long term calculated with MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Acute exposure assumed to be 3X long term calculated with MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 25.1 Direct and prolonged contact with skin
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.07 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on the recommended maximum release of 0.5 μg Ni/cm2/week Directive 94/27/EC, ≈ 0.07 μg released Ni ion/cm2 skin/day; assuming area of exposed skin matches area of object and equals 1 cm2.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: bulk
- Reference substance:
- nickel
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of coinage used by consumers
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of tools and other nickel releasing surfaces used by consumers
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of coinage, tools and other release surfaces containing nickel
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 1: Vehicles
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 7: Metal articles
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Formulation of massive metal or metal powder in alloys emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.007 %; water: 0.003 % (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metal and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Regulatory status:
- use of the substance in mixtures below the concentration limit specified in REACH Art. 56(6)
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel powder or nickel alloy powder in powder metallurgy -only air
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12c: Use of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Name of activity / technique:
- -Use of nickel powder or nickel alloy powder in powder metallurgy -only air
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
Referenceopen allclose all
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for workers
Contributing scenario for the workers
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 01: Other (non intended to be released): no data
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 01: Other (non intended to be released): no data
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 02: Other (intended to be released): passenger cars and motor cycles & AC03: other vehicles: railway, aircraft, vessels, boats, trucks
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metals in plating emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.4%; water: 0.6% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 02: Other (intended to be released): passenger cars and motor cycles & AC03: other vehicles: railway, aircraft, vessels, boats, trucks
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 23.1 Drinking water from nickel-containing kettles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 3.4 µg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on typical use scenario from Nickel EU RAR (2008-2009) estimated for one person drinking 2L of water obtained entirely from kettles.
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 3.4 µg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on typical use scenario from the EU RAR (2008-2009) estimated for one person drinking 2L of water obtained entirely from kettles. This figure is also used for long-term exposure.
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 23.1 Drinking water from nickel-containing kettles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 3.4 µg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on typical use scenario from Nickel EU RAR (2008-2009) estimated for one person drinking 2L of water obtained entirely from kettles.
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 3.4 µg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on typical use scenario from the EU RAR (2008-2009) estimated for one person drinking 2L of water obtained entirely from kettles. This figure is also used for long-term exposure.
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of coinage used by consumers
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of tools and other nickel releasing surfaces used by consumers
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of coinage, tools and other release surfaces containing nickel
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- AC 01: Other (non intended to be released):
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- Article category (AC):
- AC 01: Other (non intended to be released):
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel alloys and nickel-coated metal objects (machining and handling)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Low energy handling of massive objects
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Abrasive processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Hot work operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel alloys and nickel-coated metal objects (machining and handling) in professional settings
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Low energy handling of massive objects
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Abrasive processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Hot work operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- Nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- other: solid (bulk): substance in alloy
- Reference substance:
- Nickel
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel containing pipes and taps
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Nickel released to drinking water from nickel containing pipes and taps
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Formulations of massive metal
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- AC 4: Stone, plaster, cement, glass and ceramic articles
- AC 0: Other:
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metal emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.08%; water: 0.01% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other:
- Article category (AC):
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- Article category (AC):
- AC 4: Stone, plaster, cement, glass and ceramic articles
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of Ni metal for Thermal Spraying ES1 only air emissions
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 34.1 Raw Material Handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Name of activity / technique:
- 34.2 Hand operated metal spraying operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 34.3 Thermal spraying/coating operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 34.4 Cleaning and Maintenance Operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and Maintenance
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use in metallic coating” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Assumed to be same as acute exposure as a conservative estimate in the absence of measured data.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Assumed to be same as acute exposure as a conservative estimate in the absence of measured data.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x the long-term exposure estimate based on measured data.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x the long-term exposure estimate based on measured data.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 27.1 Food contact materials containing nickel
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 1.5 µg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on the mean total dietary nickel intake from the UK Total Diet Study of 2006 (Committee on Toxicity, 2006).
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 3 µg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on the 97.5th percentile of total dietary nickel intake from the UK Total Diet Study of 2006 (Committee on Toxicity, 2006).
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- AC 4: Stone, plaster, cement, glass and ceramic articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12c: Use of articles at industrial sites with low release
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: other
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: bulk
- Reference substance:
- nickel
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC7g: Other metal articles
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of abrasive tools containing nickel in industrial settings
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12c: Use of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of abrasive tools
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for workers
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12c: Use of articles at industrial sites with low release
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 29.1a Tools and other release surfaces containing nickel (typical)
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 29.1b Tools and other release surfaces containing nickel (worst-case)
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenConsumersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.09 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.09 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
Contributing scenario for the consumers
- Linked contributing activity:
- dd8b32d4-c9df-4b60-92da-c50782827186
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.29 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.29 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: bulk
- Reference substance:
- nickel
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 7: Metal articles
- AC 13: Plastic articles
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel alloys and nickel-coated objects (machining and handling) in professional settings
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Low energy handling of massive objects
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Abrasive processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Hot work operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- AC 4: Stone, plaster, cement, glass and ceramic articles
- AC 0: Other:
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metal emission fraction (release after RMM): Air:0.08%; Water: 0.01% (specific environmental release categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other:
- Article category (AC):
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- Article category (AC):
- AC 4: Stone, plaster, cement, glass and ceramic articles
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metal emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.08%; water: 0.01% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC1: Manufacture of the substance
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: :Manufacture and recycling of massive metal, metal powder or metal compounds; emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.03%; water: 0.02% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metal; emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.08 %; water: 0.01 % (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Not reported
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Not reported
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 27.1 Food contact materials containing nickel
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 1.5 µg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on the mean total dietary nickel intake from the UK Total Diet Study of 2006 (Committee on Toxicity, 2006).
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 3 µg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on the 97.5th percentile of total dietary nickel intake from the UK Total Diet Study of 2006 (Committee on Toxicity, 2006).
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- AC 4: Stone, plaster, cement, glass and ceramic articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- Article category (AC):
- AC 4: Stone, plaster, cement, glass and ceramic articles
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12c: Use of articles at industrial sites with low release
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 25.1 Direct and prolonged contact with skin
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.07 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on the recommended maximum release of 0.5 µg Ni/cm2/week Directive 94/27/EC, ˜ 0.07 µg released Ni ion/cm2 skin/day; assuming area of exposed skin matches area of object and equals 1 cm2.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC1: Manufacture of the substance
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Steel, slabs, plate
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Steel, slabs, plate
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Formulation of massive metal or metal powder in alloys emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.007 %; water: 0.003 % (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metal and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Steel, slabs, plate
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: bulk
- Reference substance:
- nickel
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel containing jewellery of consumers
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Direct and prolonged contact with the skin
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Mouthing of nickel containing jewellery
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 1: Vehicles
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- AC 7: Metal articles
- AC 38: Packaging material for metal parts, releasing grease/corrosion inhibitors
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Formulation of massive metal or metal powder in alloys emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.007%; water: 0.003% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 1: Vehicles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 38: Packaging material for metal parts, releasing grease/corrosion inhibitors
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 26.1 Drinking water from nickel containing pipes and taps
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 2.4 µg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on European Union Risk Assessment (2008-2009) estimated for one person drinking 2L of water obtained entirely from drinking water systems. This figure is used for acute and longterm exposure. The scenario assumed a 70 kg person drinking 2L of water
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 2.4 µg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on European Union Risk Assessment (2008-2009) estimated for one person drinking 2L of water obtained entirely from drinking water systems. This figure is used for acute and longterm exposure. The scenario assumed a 70 kg person drinking 2L of water
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Not reported
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: SPERC: Processing of massive metal
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Not reported
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Name of activity / technique:
- Machining of nickel alloys and nickel-coated metal objects ES1 STP discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Machining of nickel alloys and nickel-coated metal objects ES2 direct discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Machining of nickel alloys and nickel-coated metal objects ES3 marine discharge
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 33.1 Raw material handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 33.2 Machining operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 33.3 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- yes
- Application of site specific biological STP sludge on agricultural soil:
- yes
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- yes
- Application of site specific biological STP sludge on agricultural soil:
- yes
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC10a: Widespread use of articles with low release (outdoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC10a: Widespread use of articles with low release (outdoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Name of activity / technique:
- EAF carbon steel manufacturing ES1 direct discharge D10
- Name of activity / technique:
- EAF carbon steel manufacturing ES2 direct discharge D100
- Name of activity / technique:
- EAF carbon steel manufacturing ES3 marine discharge
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 8.1 Raw material handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 8.2 First processing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 8.3a. Further processing (hot rolling)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 8.3b. Further processing (cold rolling)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 8.4 Finishing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 8.5 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 8.6 Packing, shipping and storage
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
- Place of use:
- outdoor
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 90th percentile longterm inhalation exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 90th percentile longterm inhalation exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for steelmaking and casting
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for steelmaking and casting
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for hot rolling
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for hot rolling
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for annealing, pickling, and welding
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for annealing, pickling, and welding
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance (full shift)
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance (full shift)
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Acute exposure assumed to be 3X long term calculated with MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Acute exposure assumed to be 3X long term calculated with MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
- Place of use:
- outdoor
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 90th percentile longterm inhalation exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 90th percentile longterm inhalation exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for steelmaking and casting
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for steelmaking and casting
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for hot rolling
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for hot rolling
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for annealing, pickling, and welding
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for annealing, pickling, and welding
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance (full shift)
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance (full shift)
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Acute exposure assumed to be 3X long term calculated with MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Acute exposure assumed to be 3X long term calculated with MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- Nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: bulk
- Reference substance:
- Nickel
- Article used by:
- workers
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
- Name of activity / technique:
- Machining and manufacture of metal components
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Name of activity / technique:
- Machining and manufacture of metal components
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Machining and manufacture of metal components
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
Contributing activity / technique for workers
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 28.1 Piercings post containing nickel
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.03 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on the requirement of Directive 94/27/EC as amended by EC2004a for a maximum release rate of 0.2 μg Ni/cm2/week ≈ 0.03 μg released Ni ion/cm2 skin/day; assuming area of exposed skin matches area of object and equals 1 cm2.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Oral exposure will be limited to persons with tongue or lip piercings.
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Oral exposure will be limited to persons with tongue or lip piercings.
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 02: Other (intended to be released): passenger cars and motor cycles & AC03:other vehicles: railway,aircraft,vessels,boats,trucks
- AC 0: Other:
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metals in plating emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.4%; water: 0.6% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other:
- Article category (AC):
- AC 02: Other (intended to be released): passenger cars and motor cycles & AC03:other vehicles: railway,aircraft,vessels,boats,trucks
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Manufacture and recycling of massive metal, metal powder or metal compounds; emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.03%; water: 0.02% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12c: Use of articles at industrial sites with low release
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: SPERC: Formulation of massive metal
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6b: Use of reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- Nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- other: solid (bulk): substance in alloy
- Reference substance:
- Nickel
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel alloys and nickel-coated metal objects (machining and handling) - FW STP
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel alloys and nickel-coated metal objects (machining and handling) - FW direct
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel alloys and nickel-coated metal objects (machining and handling) - marine
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Name of activity / technique:
- Low energy handling of massive objects
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Abrasive processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Other hot work operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- Rolling, milling or forging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Annealing and pickling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 23.1 Drinking water from nickel-containing kettles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 3.4 µg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on typical use scenario from Nickel EU RAR (2008-2009) estimated for one person drinking 2L of water obtained entirely from kettles.
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 3.4 µg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on typical use scenario from the EU RAR (2008-2009) estimated for one person drinking 2L of water obtained entirely from kettles. This figure is also used for long-term exposure.
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC10a: Widespread use of articles with low release (outdoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Name of activity / technique:
- EAF carbon steel manufacturing ES1 direct discharge D10
- Name of activity / technique:
- EAF carbon steel manufacturing ES2 direct discharge D100
- Name of activity / technique:
- EAF carbon steel manufacturing ES3 marine discharge
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 8.1 Raw material handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 8.2 First processing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 8.3a. Further processing (hot rolling)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 8.3b. Further processing (cold rolling)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 8.4 Finishing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 8.5 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 8.6 Packing, shipping and storage
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
- Place of use:
- outdoor
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 90th percentile longterm inhalation exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 90th percentile longterm inhalation exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for steelmaking and casting
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for steelmaking and casting
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for hot rolling
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for hot rolling
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for annealing, pickling, and welding
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for annealing, pickling, and welding
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance (full shift)
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance (full shift)
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Acute exposure assumed to be 3X long term calculated with MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Acute exposure assumed to be 3X long term calculated with MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC10a: Widespread use of articles with low release (outdoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Name of activity / technique:
- EAF carbon steel manufacturing ES1 direct discharge D10
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Name of activity / technique:
- EAF carbon steel manufacturing ES2 direct discharge D100
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Name of activity / technique:
- EAF carbon steel manufacturing ES3 marine discharge
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 8.1 Raw material handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 8.2 First processing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 8.3a. Further processing (hot rolling)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 8.3b. Further processing (cold rolling)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 8.4 Finishing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 8.5 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 8.6 Packing, shipping and storage
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
- Place of use:
- outdoor
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 90th percentile longterm inhalation exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 90th percentile longterm inhalation exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for steelmaking and casting
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for steelmaking and casting
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for hot rolling
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for hot rolling
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for annealing, pickling, and welding
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for annealing, pickling, and welding
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance (full shift)
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance (full shift)
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Acute exposure assumed to be 3X long term calculated with MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Acute exposure assumed to be 3X long term calculated with MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 27.1 Food contact materials containing nickel
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 1.5 µg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on the mean total dietary nickel intake from the UK Total Diet Study of 2006 (Committee on Toxicity, 2006).
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 3 µg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on the 97.5th percentile of total dietary nickel intake from the UK Total Diet Study of 2006 (Committee on Toxicity, 2006).
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6b: Use of reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- AC 01: Other (non intended to be released): Steel, slabs, plate
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC10a: Widespread use of articles with low release (outdoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 01: Other (non intended to be released): Steel, slabs, plate
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Formulation of massive metal or metal powder in alloys emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.007 %; water: 0.003 % (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metal and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: not reported
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: processing of massive metal
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: not reported
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- AC 4: Stone, plaster, cement, glass and ceramic articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- Article category (AC):
- AC 4: Stone, plaster, cement, glass and ceramic articles
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: steel, slab, plate
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: steel, slab, plate
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 1: Vehicles
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: bulk
- Reference substance:
- nickel
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC7g: Other metal articles
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of abrasive tools containing nickel in professional settings
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of abrasive tools
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for workers
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: not reported
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: not reported
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 28.1 Piercings post containing nickel
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenConsumersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.03 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on the requirement of Directive 94/27/EC as amended by EC2004a for a maximum release rate of 0.2 μg Ni/cm2/week ≈ 0.03 μg released Ni ion/cm2 skin/day; assuming area of exposed skin matches area of object and equals 1 cm2.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Oral exposure will be limited to persons with tongue or lip piercings.
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Oral exposure will be limited to persons with tongue or lip piercings.
Contributing scenario for the consumers
- Linked contributing activity:
- 57e76fe5-7485-4f8d-8c33-f29547613895
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.03 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on the requirement of Directive 94/27/EC as amended by EC2004a for a maximum release rate of 0.2 μg Ni/cm2/week ≈ 0.03 μg released Ni ion/cm2 skin/day; assuming area of exposed skin matches area of object and equals 1 cm2.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Oral exposure will be limited to persons with tongue or lip piercings.
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Oral exposure will be limited to persons with tongue or lip piercings.
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 25.1 Direct and prolonged contact with skin
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.07 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on the recommended maximum release of 0.5 μg Ni/cm2/week Directive 94/27/EC, ≈ 0.07 μg released Ni ion/cm2 skin/day; assuming area of exposed skin matches area of object and equals 1 cm2.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- AC 4: Stone, plaster, cement, glass and ceramic articles
- AC 0: Other:
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metal; emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.08 %; water: 0.01 % (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other:
- Article category (AC):
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- Article category (AC):
- AC 4: Stone, plaster, cement, glass and ceramic articles
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 27.1 Food contact materials containing nickel
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 1.5 µg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on the mean total dietary nickel intake from the UK Total Diet Study of 2006 (Committee on Toxicity, 2006).
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 3 µg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on the 97.5th percentile of total dietary nickel intake from the UK Total Diet Study of 2006 (Committee on Toxicity, 2006).
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of water heating devices such as kettles and immersion heaters that contain nickel
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Name of activity / technique:
- Nickel released to drinking water from heating devices e.g. kettles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: bulk
- Reference substance:
- nickel
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of superabrasive tools containing nickel used by consumers
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of abrasive tools (superabrasives) by consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC7g: Other metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC7g: Other metal articles
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of abrasive tools containing nickel in industrial settings
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12c: Use of articles at industrial sites with low release
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of abrasive tools
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 01: Other (non intended to be released): Base Metal to be used as an intermediate in further processing such as production of alloys and battery manufacturing
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 01: Other (non intended to be released): Base Metal to be used as an intermediate in further processing such as production of alloys and battery manufacturing
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC10a: Widespread use of articles with low release (outdoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Name of activity / technique:
- Integrated steel and iron manufacturing ES1 Direct discharge D10
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Name of activity / technique:
- Integrated steel and iron manufacturing ES2 Direct discharge D100
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Name of activity / technique:
- Integrated steel and iron manufacturing ES3 marine discharge
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 7.1 Raw material handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 7.2 First processing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 7.3a. Further processing (hot rolling)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 7.3b. Further processing (cold rolling)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 7.4 Finishing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 7.5 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 7.6 Packing, shipping and storage
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 90th percentile longterm inhalation exposure for raw material handling
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 90th percentile longterm inhalation exposure for raw material handling
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for steelmaking and casting
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for steelmaking and casting
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for hot rolling
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for hot rolling
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for annealing, pickling, and welding
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for annealing, pickling, and welding
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance, personal samples (n= 13), inhalable measurements corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20) If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.115.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance (full shift) corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 0.34.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance, personal samples (n= 13), inhalable measurements corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20) If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.115.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance (full shift) corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 0.34.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Acute exposure assumed to be 3X long term calculated with MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Acute exposure assumed to be 3X long term calculated with MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- Nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- other: solid (bulk): substance in alloy
- Reference substance:
- Nickel
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel-containing shaver foils
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of shaver foil in shaving heads during shaving
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Extraction of nickel ions out of the shaver foil during shaving
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- AC 0: Other:
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metals in batteries; emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.002%; water: 0.003% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other:
- Article category (AC):
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- AC 4: Stone, plaster, cement, glass and ceramic articles
- AC 0: Other:
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metal; emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.08 %; water: 0.01 % (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other:
- Article category (AC):
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- Article category (AC):
- AC 4: Stone, plaster, cement, glass and ceramic articles
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel-containing articles by consumers
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manipulation of surface treated articles (e.g. drilling, sawing) by consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of surface treated articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 24.1a Consumer contact with coins that contain nickel (typical)
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 24.1b Consumer contact with coins that contain nickel (worst-case)
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenConsumersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.09 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.09 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
Contributing scenario for the consumers
- Linked contributing activity:
- 7a93a5e8-e741-443b-bdba-058a332fed67
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.29 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.29 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: bulk
- Reference substance:
- nickel
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel-containing electronic parts and batteries in industrial settings
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12c: Use of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of matrices containing the substance with no foreseeable release
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for workers
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: permanent magnets and articles intended to become permament magnets after magnetisation
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metal emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.08%; water: 0.01% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: permanent magnets and articles intended to become permament magnets after magnetisation
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Formulation of massive metal or metal powder in alloys emission fraction (release after, RMM): air: 0.007%; water: 0.003% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Service life
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metal emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.08%; water: 0.01% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC10a: Widespread use of articles with low release (outdoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Name of activity / technique:
- Integrated steel and iron manufacturing ES1 Direct discharge D10
- Name of activity / technique:
- Integrated steel and iron manufacturing ES2 Direct discharge D100
- Name of activity / technique:
- Integrated steel and iron manufacturing ES3 marine discharge
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 7.1 Raw material handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 7.2 First processing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 7.3a. Further processing (hot rolling)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 7.3b. Further processing (cold rolling)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 7.4 Finishing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 7.5 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 7.6 Packing, shipping and storage
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 90th percentile longterm inhalation exposure for raw material handling
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 90th percentile longterm inhalation exposure for raw material handling
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for steelmaking and casting
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for steelmaking and casting
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for hot rolling
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for hot rolling
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for annealing, pickling, and welding
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for annealing, pickling, and welding
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance, personal samples (n= 13), inhalable measurements corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20) If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.115.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance (full shift) corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 0.34.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance, personal samples (n= 13), inhalable measurements corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20) If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.115.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance (full shift) corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 0.34.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Acute exposure assumed to be 3X long term calculated with MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Acute exposure assumed to be 3X long term calculated with MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel-containing electronic parts and batteries in professional settings
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of matrices containing the substance with no foreseeable release
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 02: Other (intended to be released): passanger cars and motor cycles & AC03: other vehicles: railway, aircraft, vessels, boats, trucks
- AC 0: Other:
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metals in plating emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.4 %; water: 0.6 % (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other:
- Article category (AC):
- AC 02: Other (intended to be released): passanger cars and motor cycles & AC03: other vehicles: railway, aircraft, vessels, boats, trucks
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC1: Manufacture of the substance
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Manufacture and recycling of massive metal, metal powder or metal compounds; emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.3 %; water: 0.02 % (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 28.1 Piercings post containing nickel
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.03 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on the requirement of Directive 94/27/EC as amended by EC2004a for a maximum release rate of 0.2 μg Ni/cm2/week ≈ 0.03 μg released Ni ion/cm2 skin/day; assuming area of exposed skin matches area of object and equals 1 cm2.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Oral exposure will be limited to persons with tongue or lip piercings.
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Oral exposure will be limited to persons with tongue or lip piercings.
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other:
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Not reported
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Not reported
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- Nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- other: solid (bulk): substance in alloy
- Reference substance:
- Nickel
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of water heating devices such as kettles and immersion heaters that contain nickel
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Nickel released to drinking water from heating devices e.g. kettles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 01: Other (non intended to be released): no data
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 01: Other (non intended to be released): no data
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Steel, slabs,plate
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Formulation of massive metal or metal powder in alloys emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.007%; water: 0.003% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Steel, slabs,plate
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 1: Vehicles
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- AC 7: Metal articles
- AC 38: Packaging material for metal parts, releasing grease/corrosion inhibitors
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Formulation of massive metal or metal powder in alloys emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.007 %; water: 0.003 % (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metal and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 1: Vehicles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 38: Packaging material for metal parts, releasing grease/corrosion inhibitors
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
- Article used by:
- workers
- consumers
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 1: Vehicles
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Base Metal to be used as an intermediate in further processing such as production of alloys and battery manufacturing
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC1: Manufacture of the substance
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Manufacture and recycling of massive metal, metal powder or metal compounds; emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.3%; water: 0.02% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Base Metal to be used as an intermediate in further processing such as production of alloys and battery manufacturing
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of Ni metal for Thermal Spraying ES1 only air emissions
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 34.1 Raw Material Handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Name of activity / technique:
- 34.2 Hand operated metal spraying operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 34.3 Thermal spraying/coating operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 34.4 Cleaning and Maintenance Operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and Maintenance
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use in metallic coating” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Assumed to be same as acute exposure as a conservative estimate in the absence of measured data.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Assumed to be same as acute exposure as a conservative estimate in the absence of measured data.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x the long-term exposure estimate based on measured data.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x the long-term exposure estimate based on measured data.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: steel, slabs, plates
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: steel, slabs, plates
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Not reported
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Not reported
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 26.1 Drinking water from nickel containing pipes and taps
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenConsumersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 2.4 µg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on European Union Risk Assessment (2008-2009) estimated for one person drinking 2L of water obtained entirely from drinking water systems. This figure is used for acute and longterm exposure. The scenario assumed a 70 kg person drinking 2L of water
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 2.4 µg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on European Union Risk Assessment (2008-2009) estimated for one person drinking 2L of water obtained entirely from drinking water systems. This figure is used for acute and longterm exposure. The scenario assumed a 70 kg person drinking 2L of water
Contributing scenario for the consumers
- Linked contributing activity:
- b1196fd8-ec75-46d5-83ed-08dc99b2fc6d
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 2.4 µg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on European Union Risk Assessment (2008-2009) estimated for one person drinking 2L of water obtained entirely from drinking water systems. This figure is used for acute and longterm exposure. The scenario assumed a 70 kg person drinking 2L of water
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 2.4 µg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on European Union Risk Assessment (2008-2009) estimated for one person drinking 2L of water obtained entirely from drinking water systems. This figure is used for acute and longterm exposure. The scenario assumed a 70 kg person drinking 2L of water
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of food contact materials containing nickel
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing food contact material
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: permanent magnets and articles intended to become permanent magnets after magnetisation
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metal emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.08%; water: 0.01% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: permanent magnets and articles intended to become permanent magnets after magnetisation
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel alloys and nickel-coated metal objects (machining and handling) in industrial settings - FW STP
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel alloys and nickel-coated metal objects (machining and handling) in industrial settings - FW direct
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel alloys and nickel-coated metal objects (machining and handling) in industrial settings - marine
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Low energy handling of massive objects
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Abrasive processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Other hot work operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- Rolling, milling or forging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Annealing and pickling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel alloys and nickel-coated metal objects (machining and handling)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Low energy handling of massive objects
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 3D printing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC10a: Widespread use of articles with low release (outdoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 23.1 Drinking water from nickel-containing kettles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenConsumersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 3.4 µg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on typical use scenario from Nickel EU RAR (2008-2009) estimated for one person drinking 2L of water obtained entirely from kettles.
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 3.4 µg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on typical use scenario from the EU RAR (2008-2009) estimated for one person drinking 2L of water obtained entirely from kettles. This figure is also used for long-term exposure.
Contributing scenario for the consumers
- Linked contributing activity:
- 4d063253-dc8a-48f1-8ffc-03a3854e1b03
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 3.4 µg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on typical use scenario from Nickel EU RAR (2008-2009) estimated for one person drinking 2L of water obtained entirely from kettles.
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 3.4 µg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on typical use scenario from the EU RAR (2008-2009) estimated for one person drinking 2L of water obtained entirely from kettles. This figure is also used for long-term exposure.
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- Nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- other: solid (bulk): substance in alloy
- Reference substance:
- Nickel
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC7g: Other metal articles
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of abrasive tools containing nickel
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12c: Use of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of abrasive tools
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for workers
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metals in batteries; emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.002%; water: 0.003% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: not reported
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: not reported
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Formulation of massive metal or metal powder in alloys emission fraction (release after ,RMM): air: 0.007%; water: 0.003% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 25.1 Direct and prolonged contact with skin
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenConsumersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.07 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on the recommended maximum release of 0.5 μg Ni/cm2/week Directive 94/27/EC, ≈ 0.07 μg released Ni ion/cm2 skin/day; assuming area of exposed skin matches area of object and equals 1 cm2.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
Contributing scenario for the consumers
- Linked contributing activity:
- d980aa5e-444f-4a42-b9bb-2a4138194799
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.07 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on the recommended maximum release of 0.5 μg Ni/cm2/week Directive 94/27/EC, ≈ 0.07 μg released Ni ion/cm2 skin/day; assuming area of exposed skin matches area of object and equals 1 cm2.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Professional use of nickel containing semi-finished articles in the production finished articles or of "components" for other articles
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Name of activity / technique:
- Professional use of nickel containing semi-finished articles in the production finished articles or of "components" for other articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Not reported
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Not reported
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: bulk
- Reference substance:
- nickel
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel-containing shaver foils used by consumers
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of shaver foil in shaving heads during shaving
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Extraction of nickel ions out of the shaver foil during shaving
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 01: Other (non intended to be released): no data
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 01: Other (non intended to be released): no data
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 01: Other (non intended to be released): no data
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 01: Other (non intended to be released): no data
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: No data
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6b: Use of reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: No data
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 01: Other (non intended to be released): permanent magnets and articles intended to become permament magnets after magnetisation
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 01: Other (non intended to be released): permanent magnets and articles intended to become permament magnets after magnetisation
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- Nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- other: solid (bulk): substance in alloy
- Reference substance:
- Nickel
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel-containing electronic parts and batteries
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12c: Use of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of matrices containing the substance with no foreseeable release
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for workers
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- Nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- other: solid (bulk): substance in alloy
- Reference substance:
- Nickel
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC7g: Other metal articles
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of abrasive tools containing nickel
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of abrasive tools
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for workers
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 29.1a Tools and other release surfaces containing nickel (typical)
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 29.1b Tools and other release surfaces containing nickel (worst-case)
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenConsumersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.09 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.09 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
Contributing scenario for the consumers
- Linked contributing activity:
- 08bbd68a-96e9-41e2-b605-7cc19c6ebea8
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.29 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.29 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Manufacture and recycling of massive metal, metal powder or metal compounds; emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.3 %; water: 0.02 % (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: not reported
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: SPERC: Formulation and Processing of massive metal
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: not reported
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 7: Metal articles
- AC 13: Plastic articles
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel alloys and nickel-coated objects (machining and handling) in industrial settings - Discharge to fresh water via municipal sewage treatment plant
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel alloys and nickel-coated objects (machining and handling) in industrial settings - Direct discharge to fresh water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel alloys and nickel-coated objects (machining and handling) in industrial settings - Direct discharge to marine water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Low energy handling of massive objects
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Abrasive processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Other hot work operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- Rolling, milling or forging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Annealing and pickling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 24.1a Consumer contact with coins that contain nickel (typical)
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 24.1b Consumer contact with coins that contain nickel (worst-case)
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenConsumersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.09 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.09 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
Contributing scenario for the consumers
- Linked contributing activity:
- 8f6b7a51-8672-4062-a2b3-7e33f0ed05f3
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.29 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.29 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 02: Other (intended to be released): passenger cars and motor cycles & AC03: other vehicles: railway, aircraft, vessels, boats, trucks
- AC 0: Other:
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metals in plating emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.4%; water: 0.6% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other:
- Article category (AC):
- AC 02: Other (intended to be released): passenger cars and motor cycles & AC03: other vehicles: railway, aircraft, vessels, boats, trucks
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 23.1 Drinking water from nickel-containing kettles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 3.4 µg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on typical use scenario from Nickel EU RAR (2008-2009) estimated for one person drinking 2L of water obtained entirely from kettles.
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 3.4 µg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on typical use scenario from the EU RAR (2008-2009) estimated for one person drinking 2L of water obtained entirely from kettles. This figure is also used for long-term exposure.
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel containing pipes and taps
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Name of activity / technique:
- Nickel released to drinking water from nickel containing pipes and taps
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metal emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.08%; water: 0.01% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Not reported
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: processing of massive metal
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Not reported
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 01: Other (non intended to be released): no data
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 01: Other (non intended to be released): no data
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: permanent magnets or articles intended to become permanent magnets after magnetization
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: permanent magnets or articles intended to become permanent magnets after magnetization
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC7g: Other metal articles
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of abrasive tools containing nickel
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12c: Use of articles at industrial sites with low release
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of abrasive tools
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- AC 0: Other:
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metals in batteries; emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.002 %; water: 0.003 % (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other:
- Article category (AC):
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC7g: Other metal articles
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of abrasive tools containing nickel in professional settings
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of abrasive tools
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- AC 4: Stone, plaster, cement, glass and ceramic articles
- AC 0: Other:
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metal; emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.08 %; water: 0.01 % (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other:
- Article category (AC):
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- Article category (AC):
- AC 4: Stone, plaster, cement, glass and ceramic articles
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel alloys and nickel-coated metal objects (machining and handling) in industrial settings - FW STP
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel alloys and nickel-coated metal objects (machining and handling) in industrial settings - FW direct
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel alloys and nickel-coated metal objects (machining and handling) in industrial settings - marine
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Low energy handling of massive objects
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Abrasive processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Other hot work operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- Rolling, milling or forging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Annealing and pickling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Not reported
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: SPERC: prcessing of massive mattel
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Not reported
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- Nickel in alloy
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: particulate/powder
- Reference substance:
- Nickel in alloy
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 1: Vehicles
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC10a: Widespread use of articles with low release (outdoor)
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- ERC12c: Use of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for workers
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of coinage
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of tools and other nickel releasing surfaces
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of coinage, tools and other release surfaces containing nickel
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- AC 4: Stone, plaster, cement, glass and ceramic articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- Article category (AC):
- AC 4: Stone, plaster, cement, glass and ceramic articles
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- Nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- other: solid (bulk): substance in alloy
- Reference substance:
- Nickel
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of coinage
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of tools and other nickel releasing surfaces
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of coinage, tools and other release surfaces containing nickel
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 29.1a Tools and other release surfaces containing nickel (typical)
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 29.1b Tools and other release surfaces containing nickel (worst-case)
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenConsumersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.09 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.09 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
Contributing scenario for the consumers
- Linked contributing activity:
- 31db2e24-549a-4e8a-8c12-8a8b0cbf41e3
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.29 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.29 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- AC 4: Stone, plaster, cement, glass and ceramic articles
- AC 0: Other:
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Formulation of massive metal or metal powder in alloys emission fraction (release after ,RMM): air: 0.007%; water: 0.003% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other:
- Article category (AC):
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- Article category (AC):
- AC 4: Stone, plaster, cement, glass and ceramic articles
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel containing pipes and taps used by consumers
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Name of activity / technique:
- Nickel released to drinking water from nickel containing pipes and taps
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Not reported
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Not reported
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC10a: Widespread use of articles with low release (outdoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Name of activity / technique:
- EAF carbon steel manufacturing ES1 direct discharge D10
- Name of activity / technique:
- EAF carbon steel manufacturing ES2 direct discharge D100
- Name of activity / technique:
- EAF carbon steel manufacturing ES3 marine discharge
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 8.1 Raw material handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 8.2 First processing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 8.3a. Further processing (hot rolling)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 8.3b. Further processing (cold rolling)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 8.4 Finishing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 8.5 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 8.6 Packing, shipping and storage
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
- Place of use:
- outdoor
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 90th percentile longterm inhalation exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 90th percentile longterm inhalation exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for steelmaking and casting
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for steelmaking and casting
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for hot rolling
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for hot rolling
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for annealing, pickling, and welding
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for annealing, pickling, and welding
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance (full shift)
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance (full shift)
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Acute exposure assumed to be 3X long term calculated with MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Acute exposure assumed to be 3X long term calculated with MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC10a: Widespread use of articles with low release (outdoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Name of activity / technique:
- Stainless, special steels and special alloys manufacturing (S4A) ES1 direct discharge D10
- Name of activity / technique:
- Stainless, special steels and special alloys manufacturing (S4A) ES2 direct discharge D100
- Name of activity / technique:
- Stainless, special steels and special alloys manufacturing (S4A) ES3 direct discharge D1000
- Name of activity / technique:
- Stainless, special steels and special alloys manufacturing (S4A) ES4 marine discharge
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 6.1 Raw material handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 6.2 First processing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 6.3a. Further processing (hot rolling)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 6.3b. Further processing (cold rolling)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 6.4 Finishing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 6.5 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 6.6 Packing, shipping and storage
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
- Application of site specific biological STP sludge on agricultural soil:
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 90th percentile long-term inhalation exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 90th percentile long-term inhalation exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for steelmaking and casting
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for steelmaking and casting
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for hot rolling
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for hot rolling
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for annealing, pickling, and welding
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for annealing, pickling, and welding
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- eye
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance (full shift)
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance (full shift)
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Acute exposure assumed to be 3X long term calculated with MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Acute exposure assumed to be 3X long term calculated with MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC10a: Widespread use of articles with low release (outdoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Name of activity / technique:
- Integrated steel and iron manufacturing ES1 Direct discharge D10
- Name of activity / technique:
- Integrated steel and iron manufacturing ES2 Direct discharge D100
- Name of activity / technique:
- Integrated steel and iron manufacturing ES3 marine discharge
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 7.1 Raw material handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 7.2 First processing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 7.3a. Further processing (hot rolling)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 7.3b. Further processing (cold rolling)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 7.4 Finishing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 7.5 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 7.6 Packing, shipping and storage
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 90th percentile longterm inhalation exposure for raw material handling
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 90th percentile longterm inhalation exposure for raw material handling
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for steelmaking and casting
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for steelmaking and casting
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for hot rolling
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for hot rolling
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for annealing, pickling, and welding
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for annealing, pickling, and welding
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance, personal samples (n= 13), inhalable measurements corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20) If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.115.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance (full shift) corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 0.34.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance, personal samples (n= 13), inhalable measurements corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20) If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.115.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance (full shift) corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 0.34.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Acute exposure assumed to be 3X long term calculated with MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Acute exposure assumed to be 3X long term calculated with MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 90th percentile longterm inhalation exposure for raw material handling
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 90th percentile longterm inhalation exposure for raw material handling
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for steelmaking and casting
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for steelmaking and casting
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for hot rolling
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for hot rolling
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for annealing, pickling, and welding
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for annealing, pickling, and welding
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance, personal samples (n= 13), inhalable measurements corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20) If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.115.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance (full shift) corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 0.34.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance, personal samples (n= 13), inhalable measurements corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20) If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.115.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance (full shift) corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 0.34.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Acute exposure assumed to be 3X long term calculated with MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Acute exposure assumed to be 3X long term calculated with MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12c: Use of articles at industrial sites with low release
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 27.1 Food contact materials containing nickel
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 1.5 µg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on the mean total dietary nickel intake from the UK Total Diet Study of 2006 (Committee on Toxicity, 2006).
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 3 µg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on the 97.5th percentile of total dietary nickel intake from the UK Total Diet Study of 2006 (Committee on Toxicity, 2006).
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of superabrasive tools containing nickel used by consumers
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of abrasive tools (superabrasives) by consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC7g: Other metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel alloys and nickel-coated metal objects (machining and handling) - FW STP
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel alloys and nickel-coated metal objects (machining and handling) - FW direct
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel alloys and nickel-coated metal objects (machining and handling) - marine
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Low energy handling of massive objects
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Abrasive processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Other hot work operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- Rolling, milling or forging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Annealing and pickling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Hot rolled steel strip, cold rolled steel strip, electrical steel strip, electronically galvanised steel strip, hot-dip galvanised steel strip, organically coated steel strip
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Formulation of massive metal or metal powder in alloys emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.007 %; water: 0.003 % (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metal and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Hot rolled steel strip, cold rolled steel strip, electrical steel strip, electronically galvanised steel strip, hot-dip galvanised steel strip, organically coated steel strip
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 01: Other (non intended to be released): no data
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 01: Other (non intended to be released): no data
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of hardmetal articles
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of hardmetal articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Metal working applications using tools containing hardmetal
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Manufacture and recycling of massive metal, metal powder or metal compounds; emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.03%; water: 0.02% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 1: Vehicles
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC2: Formulation into mixture
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 1: Vehicles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: bulk
- Reference substance:
- nickel
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel containing jewellery
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Piercings post containing nickel
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Hot rolled steel strip, cold rolled steel strip, electrical steel strip, electronically galvanised steel strip, hot-dip galvanised steel strip, organically coated steel strip
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Formulation of massive metal or metal powder in alloys emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.007%; water: 0.003% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Hot rolled steel strip, cold rolled steel strip, electrical steel strip, electronically galvanised steel strip, hot-dip galvanised steel strip, organically coated steel strip
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- AC 4: Stone, plaster, cement, glass and ceramic articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metal emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.08%; water: 0.01% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- Article category (AC):
- AC 4: Stone, plaster, cement, glass and ceramic articles
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of food contact materials containing nickel used by consumers
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing food contact material
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: bulk
- Reference substance:
- nickel
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel-containing electronic parts and batteries in professional settings
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of matrices containing the substance with no foreseeable release
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for workers
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Name of activity / technique:
- Machining of nickel alloys and nickel-coated metal objects ES1 STP discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Machining of nickel alloys and nickel-coated metal objects ES2 direct discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Machining of nickel alloys and nickel-coated metal objects ES3 marine discharge
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 33.1 Raw material handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 33.2 Machining operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 33.3 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- yes
- Application of site specific biological STP sludge on agricultural soil:
- yes
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metal emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.08%; water: 0.01% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC10a: Widespread use of articles with low release (outdoor)
- ERC10b: Widespread use of articles with high or intended release (outdoor)
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- ERC12c: Use of articles at industrial sites with low release
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Hot rolled steel strip, cold rolled steel strip, electrical steel strip, electronically galvanised steel strip, hot-dip galvanised steel strip, organically coated steel strip
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Formulation of massive metal or metal powder in alloys emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.007%; water: 0.003% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Hot rolled steel strip, cold rolled steel strip, electrical steel strip, electronically galvanised steel strip, hot-dip galvanised steel strip, organically coated steel strip
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Steel, slabs, plate
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Formulation of massive metal or metal powder in alloys emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.007%; water: 0.003% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Steel, slabs, plate
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metal emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.08%; water: 0.01% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: bulk
- Reference substance:
- nickel
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 7: Metal articles
- AC 13: Plastic articles
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel alloys and nickel-coated objects (machining and handling) in industrial settings - Discharge to fresh water via municipal sewage treatment plant
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel alloys and nickel-coated objects (machining and handling) in industrial settings - Direct discharge to fresh water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel alloys and nickel-coated objects (machining and handling) in industrial settings - Direct discharge to marine water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Name of activity / technique:
- Low energy handling of massive objects
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Abrasive processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Other hot work operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- Rolling, milling or forging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Annealing and pickling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- AC 01: Other (non intended to be released): Hot rolled steel strip, cold rolled steel strip, electrical steel strip, electronically galvanised steel strip, hot-dip galvanised steel strip, organically coated steel strip
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC10a: Widespread use of articles with low release (outdoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 01: Other (non intended to be released): Hot rolled steel strip, cold rolled steel strip, electrical steel strip, electronically galvanised steel strip, hot-dip galvanised steel strip, organically coated steel strip
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
- Article used by:
- workers
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 1: Vehicles
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 1: Vehicles
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 01: Other (non intended to be released): no data
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 01: Other (non intended to be released): no data
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
- Article used by:
- workers
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 1: Vehicles
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC10a: Widespread use of articles with low release (outdoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 1: Vehicles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 1: Vehicles
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Thermal spraying
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Name of activity / technique:
- Thermal spraying
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC10a: Widespread use of articles with low release (outdoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Name of activity / technique:
- Integrated steel and iron manufacturing ES1 Direct discharge D10
- Name of activity / technique:
- Integrated steel and iron manufacturing ES2 Direct discharge D100
- Name of activity / technique:
- Integrated steel and iron manufacturing ES3 marine discharge
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 7.1 Raw material handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 7.2 First processing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 7.3a. Further processing (hot rolling)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 7.3b. Further processing (cold rolling)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 7.4 Finishing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 7.5 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 7.6 Packing, shipping and storage
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 90th percentile longterm inhalation exposure for raw material handling
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 90th percentile longterm inhalation exposure for raw material handling
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for steelmaking and casting
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for steelmaking and casting
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for hot rolling
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for hot rolling
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for annealing, pickling, and welding
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for annealing, pickling, and welding
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance, personal samples (n= 13), inhalable measurements corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20) If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.115.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance (full shift) corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 0.34.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance, personal samples (n= 13), inhalable measurements corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20) If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.115.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance (full shift) corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 0.34.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Acute exposure assumed to be 3X long term calculated with MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Acute exposure assumed to be 3X long term calculated with MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel-containing shaver foils used by consumers
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of shaver foil in shaving heads during shaving
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Extraction of nickel ions out of the shaver foil during shaving
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 01: Other (non intended to be released): no data
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 01: Other (non intended to be released): no data
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of Ni metal for Thermal Spraying ES1 only air emissions
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 34.1 Raw Material Handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Name of activity / technique:
- 34.2 Hand operated metal spraying operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 34.3 Thermal spraying/coating operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 34.4 Cleaning and Maintenance Operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and Maintenance
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use in metallic coating” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use in metallic coating” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Assumed to be same as acute exposure as a conservative estimate in the absence of measured data.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Assumed to be same as acute exposure as a conservative estimate in the absence of measured data.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x the long-term exposure estimate based on measured data.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x the long-term exposure estimate based on measured data.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Assumed to be same as acute exposure as a conservative estimate in the absence of measured data.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Assumed to be same as acute exposure as a conservative estimate in the absence of measured data.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x the long-term exposure estimate based on measured data.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x the long-term exposure estimate based on measured data.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- Nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: bulk
- Reference substance:
- Nickel
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel alloys and nickel-coated metal objects (machining and handling) - FW STP
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel alloys and nickel-coated metal objects (machining and handling) - FW direct
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel alloys and nickel-coated metal objects (machining and handling) - marine
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Name of activity / technique:
- Low energy handling of massive objects
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Abrasive processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Other hot work operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- Rolling, milling or forging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Annealing and pickling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 29.1a Tools and other release surfaces containing nickel (typical)
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 29.1b Tools and other release surfaces containing nickel (worst-case)
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenConsumersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.09 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.09 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
Contributing scenario for the consumers
- Linked contributing activity:
- ef8f488a-25b9-455f-ab32-27d3458c8028
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.29 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.29 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
Contributing scenario for the consumers
- Linked contributing activity:
- 424c75f1-f0a2-48c3-bcb8-b0bc52788786
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.09 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.09 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
Contributing scenario for the consumers
- Linked contributing activity:
- ac711e9f-9a66-4efb-949d-b4bc8fcd6f97
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.29 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.29 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Formulation of massive metal or metal powder in alloys emission fraction (release after ,RMM): air: 0.007%; water: 0.003% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Not reported
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Not reported
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC1: Manufacture of the substance
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Manufacture and recycling of massive metal, metal powder or metal compounds; emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.03%; water: 0.02% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Professional installation and maintenance or use of nickel containing articles
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC10a: Widespread use of articles with low release (outdoor)
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Name of activity / technique:
- Professional installation and maintenance or use of nickel containing articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC1: Manufacture of the substance
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Manufacture and recycling of massive metal, metal powder or metal compounds; emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.03%; water: 0.02% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: not reported
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: not reported
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 1: Vehicles
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC2: Formulation into mixture
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 1: Vehicles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel-containing articles by consumers
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manipulation of surface treated articles (e.g. drilling, sawing) by consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of surface treated articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 1: Vehicles
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- AC 7: Metal articles
- AC 38: Packaging material for metal parts, releasing grease/corrosion inhibitors
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC10a: Widespread use of articles with low release (outdoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 1: Vehicles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 38: Packaging material for metal parts, releasing grease/corrosion inhibitors
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 28.1 Piercings post containing nickel
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.03 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on the requirement of Directive 94/27/EC as amended by EC2004a for a maximum release rate of 0.2 μg Ni/cm2/week ≈ 0.03 μg released Ni ion/cm2 skin/day; assuming area of exposed skin matches area of object and equals 1 cm2.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Oral exposure will be limited to persons with tongue or lip piercings.
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Oral exposure will be limited to persons with tongue or lip piercings.
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- AC 4: Stone, plaster, cement, glass and ceramic articles
- AC 0: Other:
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metal emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.08%; water: 0.01% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other:
- Article category (AC):
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- Article category (AC):
- AC 4: Stone, plaster, cement, glass and ceramic articles
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC7g: Other metal articles
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of abrasive tools containing nickel
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of abrasive tools
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel containing jewellery of consumers
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Direct and prolonged contact with the skin
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Mouthing of nickel containing jewellery
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12c: Use of articles at industrial sites with low release
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 26.1 Drinking water from nickel containing pipes and taps
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 2.4 µg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on European Union Risk Assessment (2008-2009) estimated for one person drinking 2L of water obtained entirely from drinking water systems. This figure is used for acute and longterm exposure. The scenario assumed a 70 kg person drinking 2L of water
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 2.4 µg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on European Union Risk Assessment (2008-2009) estimated for one person drinking 2L of water obtained entirely from drinking water systems. This figure is used for acute and longterm exposure. The scenario assumed a 70 kg person drinking 2L of water
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- Nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- other: solid (bulk): substance in alloy
- Reference substance:
- Nickel
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of food contact materials containing nickel
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing food contact material
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 01: Other (non intended to be released): no data
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 01: Other (non intended to be released): no data
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 25.1 Direct and prolonged contact with skin
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.07 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on the recommended maximum release of 0.5 μg Ni/cm2/week Directive 94/27/EC, ≈ 0.07 μg released Ni ion/cm2 skin/day; assuming area of exposed skin matches area of object and equals 1 cm2.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Formulation of massive metal or metal powder in alloys emission fraction (release after ,RMM): air: 0.007%; water: 0.003% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC10a: Widespread use of articles with low release (outdoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Name of activity / technique:
- Stainless, special steels and special alloys manufacturing (S4A) ES1 direct discharge D10
- Name of activity / technique:
- Stainless, special steels and special alloys manufacturing (S4A) ES2 direct discharge D100
- Name of activity / technique:
- Stainless, special steels and special alloys manufacturing (S4A) ES3 direct discharge D1000
- Name of activity / technique:
- Stainless, special steels and special alloys manufacturing (S4A) ES4 marine discharge
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 6.1 Raw material handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 6.2 First processing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 6.3a. Further processing (hot rolling)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 6.3b. Further processing (cold rolling)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 6.4 Finishing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 6.5 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 6.6 Packing, shipping and storage
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
- Application of site specific biological STP sludge on agricultural soil:
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 90th percentile long-term inhalation exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 90th percentile long-term inhalation exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for steelmaking and casting
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for steelmaking and casting
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for hot rolling
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for hot rolling
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for annealing, pickling, and welding
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for annealing, pickling, and welding
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- eye
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance (full shift)
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance (full shift)
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Acute exposure assumed to be 3X long term calculated with MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Acute exposure assumed to be 3X long term calculated with MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- Nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- other: solid (bulk): substance in alloy
- Reference substance:
- Nickel
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel-containing electronic parts and batteries
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of matrices containing the substance with no foreseeable release
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for workers
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 1: Vehicles
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- AC 7: Metal articles
- AC 38: Packaging material for metal parts, releasing grease/corrosion inhibitors
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Formulation of massive metal or metal powder in alloys emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.007%; water: 0.003% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 1: Vehicles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 38: Packaging material for metal parts, releasing grease/corrosion inhibitors
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Steel, slabs, plate
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Formulation of massive metal or metal powder in alloys emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.007%; water: 0.003% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Steel, slabs, plate
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 24.1a Consumer contact with coins that contain nickel (typical)
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 24.1b Consumer contact with coins that contain nickel (worst-case)
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenConsumersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.09 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.09 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
Contributing scenario for the consumers
- Linked contributing activity:
- d4c431e9-05de-4299-9a30-9045a5673f3c
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.29 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.29 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC1: Manufacture of the substance
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6b: Use of reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- Nicekl
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: particulate/powder
- Reference substance:
- Nicekl
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC2b: Other machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- ERC12c: Use of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use at industrial site
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for workers
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metal emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.08%; water: 0.01% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel-containing electronic parts and batteries
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of matrices containing the substance with no foreseeable release
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC10a: Widespread use of articles with low release (outdoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Name of activity / technique:
- Stainless, special steels and special alloys manufacturing (S4A) ES1 direct discharge D10
- Name of activity / technique:
- Stainless, special steels and special alloys manufacturing (S4A) ES2 direct discharge D100
- Name of activity / technique:
- Stainless, special steels and special alloys manufacturing (S4A) ES3 direct discharge D1000
- Name of activity / technique:
- Stainless, special steels and special alloys manufacturing (S4A) ES4 marine discharge
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 6.1 Raw material handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 6.2 First processing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 6.3a. Further processing (hot rolling)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 6.3b. Further processing (cold rolling)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 6.4 Finishing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 6.5 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 6.6 Packing, shipping and storage
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
- Application of site specific biological STP sludge on agricultural soil:
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 90th percentile long-term inhalation exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 90th percentile long-term inhalation exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for steelmaking and casting
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for steelmaking and casting
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for hot rolling
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for hot rolling
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for annealing, pickling, and welding
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for annealing, pickling, and welding
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- eye
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance (full shift)
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance (full shift)
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Acute exposure assumed to be 3X long term calculated with MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Acute exposure assumed to be 3X long term calculated with MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC10a: Widespread use of articles with low release (outdoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Name of activity / technique:
- Integrated steel and iron manufacturing ES1 Direct discharge D10
- Name of activity / technique:
- Integrated steel and iron manufacturing ES2 Direct discharge D100
- Name of activity / technique:
- Integrated steel and iron manufacturing ES3 marine discharge
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 7.1 Raw material handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 7.2 First processing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 7.3a. Further processing (hot rolling)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 7.3b. Further processing (cold rolling)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 7.4 Finishing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 7.5 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 7.6 Packing, shipping and storage
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 90th percentile longterm inhalation exposure for raw material handling
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 90th percentile longterm inhalation exposure for raw material handling
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for steelmaking and casting
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for steelmaking and casting
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for hot rolling
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for hot rolling
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for annealing, pickling, and welding
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for annealing, pickling, and welding
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance, personal samples (n= 13), inhalable measurements corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20) If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.115.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance (full shift) corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 0.34.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance, personal samples (n= 13), inhalable measurements corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20) If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.115.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance (full shift) corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 0.34.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Acute exposure assumed to be 3X long term calculated with MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Acute exposure assumed to be 3X long term calculated with MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Article used by:
- consumers
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 1: Vehicles
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC10a: Widespread use of articles with low release (outdoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- ERC12c: Use of articles at industrial sites with low release
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 1: Vehicles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- AC 4: Stone, plaster, cement, glass and ceramic articles
- AC 01: Other (non intended to be released):
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- Article category (AC):
- AC 4: Stone, plaster, cement, glass and ceramic articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 01: Other (non intended to be released):
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- Nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- other: solid (bulk): substance in alloy
- Reference substance:
- Nickel
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel alloys and nickel-coated metal objects (machining and handling)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Low energy handling of massive objects
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Abrasive processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Hot work operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- Nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: bulk
- Reference substance:
- Nickel
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel alloys and nickel-coated metal objects (machining and handling)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Low energy handling of massive objects
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Abrasive processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Hot work operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: permanent magnets and articles intended to become permanent magnets after magnetisation
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metal; emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.08 %; water: 0.01 % (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: permanent magnets and articles intended to become permanent magnets after magnetisation
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Formulation of massive metal or metal powder in alloys emission fraction (release after ,RMM): air: 0.007%; water: 0.003% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 02: Other (intended to be released): passenger cars and motor cycles & AC03: other vehicles: railway, aircraft, vessels, boats, trucks
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 02: Other (intended to be released): passenger cars and motor cycles & AC03: other vehicles: railway, aircraft, vessels, boats, trucks
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.