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EC number: 234-514-3 | CAS number: 12007-60-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to microorganisms
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- activated sludge respiration inhibition testing
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 25 September 2017 - 16 January 2018
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 209 (Activated Sludge, Respiration Inhibition Test
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on sampling:
- Not applicable.
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- The test item was not sufficiently soluble to allow preparation of an aqueous solution at a concentration of 10 g/L. Therefore, weighed amounts were added to the dark brown test-bottles containing 200 mL Milli-RO water. The test item-water mixtures were then stirred for a short period, 16 mL synthetic medium made up to 50 mL with Milli-RO water and 250 mL sludge were added resulting in the required loading rates of 10, 100 and 1000 mg/L in the range finder and 100, 180, 320, 560 and 1000 mg/L in the final test. Optimal contact between the test item and test organisms was ensured by applying continuous aeration and stirring.
- Test organisms (species):
- activated sludge, domestic
- Details on inoculum:
- The source of the activated sludge was the municipal sewage treatment plant: 'Waterschap Aa en Maas', 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands, receiving predominantly domestic sewage. During the preparation of the sludge, the sludge was coarsely sieved (1 mm) and allowed to settle. The supernatant was then removed and ISO-medium was added. A small amount of the sludge was weighed and dried overnight at ca. 105°C to determine the amount of suspended solids (3.0 g/L of sludge, as used for the test). The batch of sludge was used one day after collection; therefore 50 mL of synthetic medium (=sewage feed) was added per litre of activated sludge at the end of the collection day. The sludge was kept aerated at test temperature until use.
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 3 h
- Remarks on exposure duration:
- 3 hours, during which aeration and stirring took place.
- Post exposure observation period:
- After the 3-hour contact time, the oxygen consumption was recorded for a period of approximately 10 minutes. During measurement, the sample was not aerated but continuously stirred on a magnetic stirrer.
- Hardness:
- Not stated
- Test temperature:
- 20-22 °C during the test
- pH:
- The pH in all test vessels, before addition of sludge was between 7.3 and 8.9. After the 3-hour exposure period the pH was between 7.0 and 8.6.
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 60-70% saturation
- Salinity:
- Not stated
- Conductivity:
- Not stated
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 10, 100 and 1000 mg/L in the combined limit/range finder
100,180, 320, 560 and 1000 mg/L in the final test - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: All glass open bottles/vessels.
- Aeration: The aeration was adjusted in such a way that the dissolved oxygen concentration at the start was above 60-70% saturation (60% of air saturation is > 5 mg/L at 20°C) and to maintain the sludge flocs in suspension.
- Combined limit/range finder test; The highest loading rate was tested in triplicate; lower loading rates consisted of one replicate. In addition, a control (6 replicates) and an abiotic control (1 replicate) were tested.
Final test; Five replicates per test group and 6 replicates for the control were tested.
- Sludge concentration (weight of dry solids per volume): 3.0 g/L of sludge
- Medium used in preparation of the sludge: Adjusted ISO-medium, formulated using RO water (tap water purified by reverse osmosis; GEON Waterbehandeling, Berkel-Enschot, The Netherlands) with the following composition - CaCl2.2H2O (211.5 mg/L), MgSO4.7H2O (8.8 mg/L), NaHCO3 (46.7 mg/L) and KCl (4.2 mg/L).
Nutrients provided for bacteria: 16 g peptone, 11 g meat extract, 3 g urea, 0.7 g NaCl, 0.4 g CaCl2.2H2O, 0.2 g MgSO4.7H2O, 2.8 g K2HPO4 dissolved in Milli-RO water, made up to 1 litre and filtered.
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Tap water purified by reverse osmosis (Millipore Corp., Bedford, Mass., USA).
MEASUREMENTS:
After the 3-hour contact time, the oxygen consumption was recorded for a period of approximately 10 minutes. During measurement, the sample was not aerated but continuously stirred on a magnetic stirrer. Determination of oxygen was performed with multiple oxygen sensors connected to a BlueBox (GO-Systemelektronik GmbH, Germany), a multichannel measuring and controlling system.
The pH was determined in the remaining part of the reaction mixture. This procedure was repeated for all test/reference item concentrations and controls.
The medium temperature was recorded continuously in temperature control vessels. The temperature control vessels were identically prepared compared to the control vessels. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- 3,5-dichlorophenol
- Key result
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: ELR50
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Key result
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: ELR10
- Effect conc.:
- 440 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: ELR20
- Effect conc.:
- 813 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Details on results:
- Range-finder: The combined limit/range-finding test showed no inhibition at a loading rate of 10 and 100 mg/L and 31% inhibition of the respiration rate at a loading rate of 1000 mg/L. Therefore, the expected ELR50 was above a loading rate of 1000 mg/L.
Final test: The inhibitory effect of dilithium tetraborate on aerobic waste water (activated sludge) bacteria increased with increasing loading rate, ranging from no inhibition at 100 mg/L to 26% at 1000 mg/L. No statistically significant inhibition of the respiration rate of the sludge was recorded at or below a loading rate of 320 mg Dilithium tetraborate per litre. For dilithium tetraborate, no ELR50-value could be calculated because effects were below 50% (ELR50 > 1000 mg/L). - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- The batch of activated sludge was tested for sensitivity with the reference item 3,5-dichlorophenol, and showed normal sensitivity.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of this present test, dilithium tetraborate was not toxic to waste water bacteria (activated sludge) at or below a loading rate of 320 mg/L (NOELR). The ELR10 was at a loading rate of 440 mg/L (95% confidence interval: 200 - 589 mg/L). The ELR20 was at a loading rate of 813 mg/L (95% confidence interval: 614 - 1211 mg/L). The ELR50 was above a loading rate of 1000 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
The objective of the study was to evaluate dilithium tetraborate for its ability to adversely affect aerobic microbial treatment plants and, if possible, to determine the ELR50and/or the no-observed effect loading rate (NOELR) using OECD guideline No. 209. The influence of dilithium tetraborate on the respiration rate of activated sludge was investigated after a contact time of 3 hours.
The inhibitory effect of dilithium tetraborate on aerobic waste water (activated sludge) bacteria (OECD TG 209) increased with increasing loading rate, ranging from no inhibition at 100 mg/L to 26% at 1000 mg/L. No statistically significant inhibition of the respiration rate of the sludge was recorded at or below a loading rate of 320 mg Dilithium tetraborate per litre.
It was therefore concluded that under the conditions of the test, dilithium tetraborate was not toxic to waste water bacteria (activated sludge) at or below a loading rate of 320 mg/L (NOELR). The ELR10 was at a loading rate of 440 mg/L (95% confidence interval: 200 - 589 mg/L), the ELR20 was at a loading rate of 813 mg/L (95% confidence interval: 614 - 1211 mg/L) and the ELR50 was above a loading rate of 1000 mg/L. The study met the acceptability criteria prescribed by the study plan and was considered valid.
Reference
Table 1: Range finder results
Treatment |
Loading rate (mg/L) |
Mean respiration rate |
% Inhibition of the respiration rate (mean value) |
|
(mg O2/L h) |
(mg O2/g h)¹ |
|||
Control |
|
29.55 |
19.70 |
|
T1 |
10 |
32.84 |
21.89 |
-5.13 |
T2 |
100 |
30.96 |
20.64 |
-4.79 |
T3 |
1000 |
20.30 |
13.53 (RT)* |
31.30 (IT)* |
RT: Total respiration with Dilithium tetraborate
IT: % inhibition of total respiration relative to RC
* Statistically significantly different compared to control
Table 2 Final Test – Overview of the Results
Treatment |
Loading rate (mg/L) |
Mean respiration rate |
% Inhibition of the respiration rate (mean value) |
|
(mg O2/L h) |
(mg O2/g h)¹ |
|||
Control |
|
34.90 |
23.26 |
|
T1 |
100 |
36.68 |
24.46 |
-5.13 |
T2 |
180 |
33.75 |
22.50 |
3.29 |
T3 |
320 |
33.19 |
22.13 |
4.88 |
T4 |
560 |
31.43 |
20.95* |
9.92 |
T5 |
1000 |
25.90 |
17.26* |
25.79 |
¹ The amount of suspended solids in the final test mixture was 1.5 g/L.
* Statistically significantly different compared to control
Table 3 Effect Parameters
Parameter |
Dilithium tetraborate Loading rate (mg/L) |
NOELR |
320 |
ELR10 |
440 (200 – 589 mg/L) |
ELR20 |
813 (614 – 1211 mg/L) |
ELR50 |
> 1000 |
Description of key information
The inhibitory effect of dilithium tetraborate on aerobic waste water (activated sludge) bacteria increased with increasing loading rate, ranging from no inhibition at 100 mg/L to 26% at 1000 mg/L. No statistically significant inhibition of the respiration rate of the sludge was recorded at or below a loading rate of 320 mg dilithium tetraborate per litre.
It was therefore concluded that under the conditions of the test, dilithium tetraborate was not toxic to waste water bacteria (activated sludge) at or below a loading rate of 320 mg/L (NOELR). The ELR10 was at a loading rate of 440 mg/L (95% confidence interval: 200 - 589 mg/L), the ELR20 was at a loading rate of 813 mg/L (95% confidence interval: 614 - 1211 mg/L) and the ELR50 was above a loading rate of 1000 mg/L.The study met the acceptability criteria prescribed by the study plan and was considered valid.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for microorganisms:
- 1 000 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for microorganisms:
- 440 mg/L
Additional information
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