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EC number: 208-655-6 | CAS number: 537-01-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Additional information
There is no data on the dicerium tricarbonate, but data on the ecotoxicity of the cerium oxide in soil exist. If we compare these two substances, the physico-chemical, toxicological andecotoxicological properties are very closed and similar (please see the enclosed table, presenting these properties). According to these strong similarities, the read across for the assessment of the soil ecotoxicity –part 6.3 of the dossier) between the cerium oxide (existing datas) and dicerium tricarbonate is appropriate.
Physico-chemical properties |
Cerium Oxide |
Dicerium Carbonate |
Physical state at 20°C and 1013 hPa |
Inorganic solid appearing under the form of a white ivory to creamy white-pale beige powder at ambient temperature and pressure. |
Inorganic white to beige solid or in some case powder at normal pressure and temperature. |
Melting / freezing point |
Cerium dioxide did not melt under the conditions of the test. Melting point > 400°C. |
Dicerium tricarbonate did not melt under the conditions of the test. Melting point > 400°C. |
Boiling point |
Cerium dioxide did not boil under the conditions of the test. Boiling point > 400°C |
Dicerium Tricarbonatedid not boil under the conditions of the test. Boiling point > 400°C |
Relative density |
7.20 g/cm3 at 20.3°C+/- 0.1°C. |
2.29 g/cm3 at 20.3°C +/- 0.1°C. |
Water solubility |
< 0.123 µg/L at 20°C . |
3.95 mg/L (+/- 0.2 mg/L) at 20°C |
Flammability |
Flammability: not highly flammable under the conditions of test.
Pyrophoricity and flammability in contact with water: Based on the absence of structutal alerts and on the knowledge from use and handling, it is unlikely that cerium dioxide shows such properties. |
Flammability:not highly flammable under the conditions of test.
Pyrophoricity and flammability in contact with water: Based on the absence of structutal alerts and on the knowledge from use and handling, it is unlikely that dicerium tricarbonate shows such properties. |
Explosive properties |
Cerium dioxide does not present a danger of explosion under the conditions of the test. |
Dicerium tricarbonate does not present a danger of explosion under the conditions of the test. |
Self-ignition temperature |
> 400°C (pressure not indicated). |
> 400°C (pressure not indicated) |
Oxidising properties |
Cerium dioxide has no oxidizing properties under the conditions of the test. |
Dicerium tricarbonate has no oxidizing properties under the conditions of the test. |
Ecotoxicity tests |
Cerium Oxide |
Dicerium Carbonate |
6.1.1 Short term toxicity to fish (96h) |
LL50 > 100 mg/L NOELR > 100 mg/L
No acute toxic effects on fish |
LL50 > 100 mg/L NOELR > 100 mg/L
No acute toxic effects on fish |
6.1.3 Short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrate (48h) |
NOEC>1000 mg/L LL50 > 1000 mg/L
No acute toxic effects on Daphnia magna |
NOEC>100 mg/L LL50 > 100 mg/L
No acute toxic effects on Daphnia magna |
6.1.4 Long term toxicity to aquatic invertebrate (21 d) |
NOERC > 100 mg/L LOELR > 100 mg/L
No toxic effect on survival and reproduction of Daphnia magna |
NOERC > 130 mg/L LOELR > 130 mg/L
No toxic effect on survival and reproduction of Daphnia magna |
6.1.5 Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria |
72h-LOELR = 100 mg/L. 72h-NOELR = 50 mg/L. 72h-EL50 > 100 mg/L.
The reduction of growth here observed was probably caused by an indirect effect of phosphate lack, rather than a toxic effect of cerium dioxide. |
72h-LOELR = 50 mg/L. 72h-NOELR = 25 mg/L. 72h-EL50 > 100 mg/L.
The growth inhibition determined at these loading rates may have been caused by depletion of phosphate in the test medium, rather than a toxic effect of dicerium tricarbonate. |
6.1.7 Toxicity to activated sludge in a respiration inhibition test |
3h NOEC>1003.8 mg/L 3h EC 20 > 1003.8 mg/L 3h EC 50 > 1003.8 mg/L 3h EC 80 > 1003.8 mg/L
No acute toxic effects on microorganisms |
3h NOEC>1000 mg/L 3h EC 20 > 1000 mg/L 3h EC 50 > 1000 mg/L 3h EC 80 > 1000 mg/L No acute toxic effects on microorganisms |
Toxicity Tests: |
Cerium Oxide |
Dicerium Carbonate |
7.2.1 Acute toxicity: oral (rat) |
Oral LD50 Combined male/female > 5000 mg/kg bw
Substance not classified |
Oral LD50 Combined male/female > 5000 mg/kg bw
Substance not classified |
7.2.2 Acute toxicity: dermal (rat) |
Dermal LD50 > 2000 mg/kg bw
Substance not classified |
Dermal LD50 > 2000 mg/kg bw
Substance not classified |
7.3.1 Skin Irritation / Corrosion |
Irritation Score (Draize Method): 0
Cerium Oxide is not a dermal irritant. |
Irritation Score (Draize Method): 0
Dicerium Tricarbonate is not a dermal irritant. |
7.3.2 Eye Irritation / Corrosion |
Mean ocular irritation scores (Draize) were 9.33, 1.33 and 0.67 at 1 h after instillation and on days 1 and 2, respectively. All the irritation signs had reversed by day 3
The test substance was not classified as irritant to the eye, according to the criteria of Annex VI Directive 67/548/EEC. |
Draize scores: Unwashed eyes (3 rabbit mean): 6.7 (24h), 2.0 (48h), 0.7 (72h) Draize scores: Washed eyes (3 rabbit mean): 4.7 (24h), 2.0 (48h), 1.3 (72h)
Dicerium Tricarbonate is slightly irritant to the eye but not classified according to EU criteria. |
7.4.1 Skin Sensitisation |
Dicerium Tricarbonate is not classified as skin sensitising according to Annex VI of the Directive 67/548/EEC. |
Dicerium Tricarbonate is not classified as skin sensitising according to Annex VI of the Directive 67/548/EEC. |
7.5.1 Repeated Dose Toxicity: Oral |
NOEL = 1000 mg/kg LD50 > 1000 mg/kg
Cerium Oxide is not classified as skin sensitising according to Annex VI of the Directive 67/548/EEC. |
NOEL = 450 mg/kg LD50 > 1000 mg/kg
Dicerium Tricarbonate is not classified as skin sensitising according to Annex VI of the Directive 67/548/EEC. |
7.6.1 Genotoxicity in vitro - |
No mutagenic effect at 5000 µg/plate
Cerium Oxide is considered to be non-mutagenic in this Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay. |
No mutagenic effect at 5000 µg/plate
Dicerium tricarbonate is considered to be non-mutagenic in this Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay. |
7.6.1 Genotoxicity in vitro –Gen. Tox in vitro HPRT |
Cerium Oxide did not induce gene mutations at the HPRT locus in V79 cells up to the concentration of 1800 µg/mL with or without S9.
No evidence of gene mutations at the HPRT locus in V79 cells up to the concentration of 1800 mg/mL with or without S9 |
Dicerium Tricarbonate did not induce gene mutations at the HPRT locus in V79 cells up to the concentration of 2300 µg/mL with or without S9.
As a conclusion it can be stated that under the experimental conditions reported the test item did not induce gene mutations at the HPRT locus in V79 cells. |
7.8.1 Toxicity to reproduction |
NOEL parent = 1000 mg/kg/day NOEL progeny = 1000 mg/kg/day. Substance not classified |
NOEL parent = 1000 mg/kg/day NOEL progeny = 1000 mg/kg/day. Substance not classified |
Toxicity to soil macroorganisms:
Only one study of reliability 2 according to Klimisch was available (Hooftman R N & Henzen L, 1996) and was selected as a key study.
Cerium Dioxide has been tested for acute toxicity toEisenia foetida. The study was carried out according to the OECD Guideline 207 and in compliance with the principles of Good Laboratory Practices.
Worms were exposed to cerium dioxide mixed with artificial soil at a concentration of 1000 mg/kg of dry soil for a 14-day period.
No significant effect with respect to survival, weight, behaviour or appearance was observed.
This data is used in a read-across approach to conclude on the acute toxicity of dicerium tricarbonate to terrestrial organisms. As cerium dioxide is considered as not harmful to the tested terrestrial organism, dicerium tricarbonate should not be considered as harmful to the terrestrial organisms either.
Toxicity to terrestrial plants:
Only one study of reliability 2 according to Klimisch was available (Hooftman R N & Henzen L, 1996) and was selected as a key study.
Cerium dioxide has been tested for its toxicity to plant speciesAvena sativa, Lactuca sativaandBrassica rapa,according to the OECD Guideline 208 and in compliance with the principles of GLP.
Four replicate of 5 plants were grown in a mixture of agricultural soil and coarse sand, supplemented with potassium and phosphorus.
Cerium dioxide was tested at the limit concentration of 1000 mg/kg dry soil for the three plant species, in parallel to a control.
Cerium dioxide did not cause reduction of emergence for any of the plant species tested.
This data is used in a read-across approach to conclude on the acute toxicity of dicerium tricarbonate to terrestrial plants. As cerium dioxide is not considered as harmful to the tested plant species, we conclude that dicerium tricarbonate will not be considered as harmful to the tested plant species.
Toxicity to soil microorganisms:
Only one study of reliability 2 according to Klimisch was available (Muttzall P.I. & Hanstveit A.O., 1996) and was selected as a key study.
Cerium dioxide has been tested for its toxicity on the carbon mineralisation activity of soil microorganisms. The study was carried out according to a draft proposal for a new OECD Guideline (June 1996) and in compliance with the principles of Good Laboratory Practices.
A non limiting glucose concentration of 1000 mg/kg was added to a sandy loam soil as carbon source. The following nominal concentration of cerium dioxide were tested : 0, 10, 32, 100, 320 and 1000 mg/kg dry soil. After 14 and 28 days of incubation the carbon mineralisation activity was determined by measuring the CO2 evolution.
The statistical evaluation of the carbon mineralisation activity shows two significant deviation compared tothe control; a stimulation of the activityat 10 mg/kg and an inhibition of the activity at 32 mg/kg. But as this inhibitory effect was not observed at higher concentrations of cerium dioxide, it is considered as an artefact.
Cerium dioxide at a concentration of at least 1000 mg/kg dry soil shows no adverse effect on the carbon mineralisation activity of the microbial biomass in soil. The NOEC is equal or higher than 1000 mg/kg. Cerium dioxide, and by read-across dicerium tricarbonate, are therefore not expected to have a long-term influence on carbon mineralisation in soil.
This data is used in a read-accross approach to conclude on the toxicityof dicerium tricarbonateto the soil micro-organisms. As cerium dioxide shows no adverse effect on the carbon mineralisation activity of the microbial biomass in soil, dicerium carbonate is not expected to present this kind of toxic properties neither.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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