Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 931-334-3 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
- Acute oral toxicity:
Acute toxic class method (OECD 423): LD50 > 2000 mg/kg bw (female rat)
- Acute inhalation toxicity (read-across from steam-activated carbon):
Standard acute method: LC50 > 8.5 mg/L
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Acute toxicity: via oral route
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: oral
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 02 March 2010 - 25 March 2010
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Remarks:
- performed under GLP
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 423 (Acute Oral toxicity - Acute Toxic Class Method)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.1 tris (Acute Oral Toxicity - Acute Toxic Class Method)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Statement of Compliance
- Test type:
- acute toxic class method
- Limit test:
- yes
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- other: RccHan: WIST(SPF)
- Sex:
- female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Harlan Laboratories B.V., Kreuzelweg 53, 5961 NM Horst / The Netherlands
- Age at study initiation: 10 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: 169.1 g – 178.7 g
- Fasting period before study: approximately 18 to 19 hours
- Housing: In groups of three in Makrolon type-4 cages with wire mesh tops and standard softwood bedding
- Diet: Pelleted standard Provimi Kliba 3433 rat/mouse maintenance diet
- Water: Community tap water from Füllinsdorf ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 02 March 2010 to 08 March 2010 (Group 1); 02-March 2010 to 10 March 2010 (Group 2)
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 22 ± 3 °C
- Humidity (%): 30-70%
- Air changes (per hr): 10-15
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 / 12
IN-LIFE DATES: From: 02 March 2010 To: 23/25 March 2010 - Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- water
- Remarks:
- purified
- Details on oral exposure:
- VEHICLE
- Concentration in vehicle: 0.2 g/mL
- Justification for choice of vehicle: The vehicle was chosen after a non-GLP solubility trial which was performed before the study initiation date. The test item was prepared at 20 % in purified water (w/w), which resulted in a black dispersion that was considered orally applicable.
MAXIMUM DOSE VOLUME APPLIED: 10 mL/kg body weight
CLASS METHOD (if applicable)
- Rationale for the selection of the starting dose: not specified - Doses:
- 2000 mg/kg body weight
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 2 groups of 3 female animals
- Control animals:
- no
- Details on study design:
- - Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days
- Frequency of observations and weighing: The animals were examined daily during the acclimatization period and mortality, viability and clinical signs were recorded. All animals were examined for clinical signs within the first 30 minutes and approximately 1, 2, 3 and 5 hours after treatment on day 1 and once daily during test days 2-15. Mortality/viability was recorded within the first 30 minutes and approximately 1, 2, 3 and 5 hours after administration on test day 1 (with the clinical signs) and twice daily during days 2-15. Body weights were recorded on day 1 (prior to administration) and on days 8 and 15.
- Necropsy of survivors performed: yes, on day 15
- Other examinations performed: clinical signs, body weight, mortality, viability, macroscopic findings. - Statistics:
- No statistical analysis was performed.
- Preliminary study:
- Not relevant
- Key result
- Sex:
- female
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- > 2 000 mg/kg bw
- Remarks on result:
- other: No treatment related effects were observed.
- Mortality:
- No mortality occurred.
- Clinical signs:
- other: Clinical signs of slight to moderate degree were observed in the animals of group 1, including sedation, hunched posture and ruffled fur and laborated breathing. All symptoms were completely reversed by test day 2 or 3. No clinical signs were observed in
- Gross pathology:
- No macroscopic findings were recorded at necropsy.
- Interpretation of results:
- other: not classified
- Remarks:
- based on CLP criteria
- Conclusions:
- No treatment related effects were found under the conditions of this study. The median lethal dose of Chemically Activated Carbon after single oral administration to female rats, observed over a period of 14 days, is: LD50 (female rat): greater than 2000 mg/kg body weight. The substance does not have to be classified according to the EU classification criteria outlined in 1272/2008/EC.
- Executive summary:
The acute oral toxicity of Chemically Activated Carbon in the rat was assessed by using the acute toxic class method. The study was carried out based on OECD guideline 423. Two groups, each consisting of three female RccHan:WIST (SPF) rats, were treated with Chemically Activated Carbon by single oral gavage administration at a dosage of 2000 mg/kg body weight. The test item was formulated in purified water at a concentration of 0.2 g/mL and administered at a dosing volume of 10 mL/kg.
No intercurrent deaths occurred during the course of the study.
Clinical signs of slight to moderate degree were observed in the animals of group 1, including sedation, hunched posture and ruffled fur and laborated breathing. All symptoms were completely reversed by test day 2 or 3. No clinical signs were observed in the animals of group 2. For all animals, black feces were noted on test day 2 or 3, which was most likely a consequence of the black test item.
The body weight of the animals was within the range commonly recorded for this strain and age.
No macroscopic findings were recorded at necropsy.
The median lethal dose of Chemically Activated Carbon after single oral administration to female rats, observed over a period of 14 days, is: LD50 (female rat): greater than 2000 mg/kg body weight. The substance does not have to be classified according to the EU classification criteria outlined in 1272/2008.
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Value:
- 2 000 mg/kg bw
Acute toxicity: via inhalation route
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: inhalation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 14 May 1980 - 28 May 1980
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study
- Remarks:
- Study seems to be conducted according to a method that equals OECD guideline 403, which was not yet adopted at that time. It is unclear if GLP conditions are maintained during study. Report is concise but clear. Due to the limitations of the study and its read-across purpose ( in accordance with the ECHA Practical guide #6 on the reporting of read-across in IUCLID), the study was assigned a Klimisch 2 rating.
- Justification for type of information:
- The justification for read across is attached as a separate document to the "Toxicological information" summary
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 403 (Acute Inhalation Toxicity)
- Deviations:
- no
- Remarks:
- (guideline was not yet adopted in 1980)
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Test type:
- standard acute method
- Limit test:
- no
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Sprague-Dawley
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River Breeding Laboratories, Wilmington, Massachusetts
- Weight at study initiation:
Male: 251-285 g
Female: 227-239 g
- Housing: During exposure in a 100 liter plexiglass exposure chamber - Route of administration:
- inhalation: dust
- Type of inhalation exposure:
- whole body
- Vehicle:
- other: unchanged (no vehicle)
- Details on inhalation exposure:
- GENERATION OF TEST ATMOSPHERE / CHAMBER DESCRIPTION
- Exposure apparatus: Bubbler
- Exposure chamber volume: 100 liter
- Source and rate of air:
Source 1: 10 L/min through calibrated flow meter into bubbler
Source 2: 14 L/min into bubbler (1 sec/13 seconds)
Air was diluted with 10 L/min before directed into exposure chamber
- System of generating particulates/aerosols: Three-neck bubbler
TEST ATMOSPHERE
- Brief description of analytical method used: Gravimetry
- Samples taken from breathing zone: no, only directly from the center sampling port
TEST ATMOSPHERE (if not tabulated)
- Particle size distribution: No data
- MMAD (Mass median aerodynamic diameter) / GSD (Geometric st. dev.): No data - Analytical verification of test atmosphere concentrations:
- no
- Duration of exposure:
- 1 h
- Concentrations:
- Nominal exposure concentration: 64.4 mg/L
Mean airborne test material concentration (gravimetry): 8.5 mg/L - No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5
- Control animals:
- no
- Details on study design:
- - Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days
- Frequency of observations and weighing:
Observations: before exposure, every 15 minutes during exposure, hourly for 4 hours after exposure and daily thereafter
Body weights: on day 0, 1, 2, 4, 7 and 14
- Necropsy of survivors performed: yes
- Other examinations performed: gross necropsy - Statistics:
- Not relevant
- Preliminary study:
- Not relevant
- Sex:
- not specified
- Dose descriptor:
- LC100
- Effect level:
- 235 mg/L air (nominal)
- Exp. duration:
- 1 h
- Remarks on result:
- other: All animals died (initial test)
- Key result
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LC0
- Effect level:
- 64.4 mg/L air (nominal)
- Exp. duration:
- 1 h
- Remarks on result:
- other: No deaths, but multiple effects were observed (contamination of fur, general stress, lung rales, weight loss, lung discoloration)
- Key result
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LC0
- Effect level:
- 8.5 mg/L air (analytical)
- Exp. duration:
- 1 h
- Remarks on result:
- other: No deaths, but multiple effects were observed (contamination of fur, general stress, lung rales, weight loss, lung discoloration)
- Mortality:
- No mortality was observed.
- Clinical signs:
- other: Animals visible exhibited labored breathing and intermittent gasping. Upon removal from the chamber mucoid nasal discharge, salivation, rapid or labored breathing, gasping, dry or moist rales, reduced activity, and wet or matted ano-genital fur were obser
- Body weight:
- Weight losses were seen in nearly all rats following exposure. Body weights recovered to pre-exposure values in males by day 4 and in females usually by day 7. Body weight in the second week were within the limits of normal expectation.
- Gross pathology:
- At necropsy, 5 male and 4 female rats showed treatment related foci or areas of lung discoloration (higher incidence than normally encountered)
- Other findings:
- Not relevant
- Interpretation of results:
- other: not classified
- Remarks:
- based on CLP criteria
- Conclusions:
- A one-hour inhalation exposure of rats to a dust of BPL 12 x 30 at a nominal concentration of 64.4 mg/L and mean airborne concentration of 8.5 mg/L did not produce mortality. However, irritation of the respiratory mucous membranes related to test material exposure was observed and residual lung discoloration was seen at necropsy. The LC50 was established to be >8.5 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
This acute inhalation toxicity study in rats was conducted according to a method resembling OECD guideline 403. Male and female rats were exposed for one hour to BPL 12 x 30 at a nominal concentration of 64.4 mg/L and a mean airborne concentration of 8.5 mg/L. Rats were observed for 14 days after exposure.
Several effects were observed. All rats appeared heavily contaminated with the test material during and 14 days after the exposure period. Animals visible exhibited labored breathing and intermittent gasping. Upon removal from the chamber mucoid nasal discharge, salivation, rapid or labored breathing, gasping, dry or moist rales, reduced activity, and wet or matted ano-genital fur were observed. Recovery was apparent within 1 day. Slight dry rales was observed in most rats during the 14-day observation period. Weight losses were seen in nearly all rats following exposure. Body weights recovered to pre-exposure values in males by day 4 and in females usually by day 7. Body weights in the second week were within the limits of normal expectation. At necropsy, 5 male and 4 female rats showed foci or areas of lung discoloration.
As no deaths occured the tested concentration can be considered as LC0 (LC50 >8.5 mg/L). Following these results, the test substance does not need to be classified for acute inhalation toxicity according to the criteria outlined in Annex I of 1272/2008/EC .
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: inhalation
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Justification for type of information:
- The justification for read across is attached
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Duration of exposure:
- h
- Preliminary study:
- Not relevant
- Sex:
- not specified
- Dose descriptor:
- LC100
- Effect level:
- 235 mg/L air (nominal)
- Exp. duration:
- 1 h
- Remarks on result:
- other: All animals died (initial test)
- Key result
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LC0
- Effect level:
- 64.4 mg/L air (nominal)
- Exp. duration:
- 1 h
- Remarks on result:
- other: No deaths, but multiple effects were observed (contamination of fur, general stress, lung rales, weight loss, lung discoloration)
- Key result
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LC0
- Effect level:
- 8.5 mg/L air (analytical)
- Exp. duration:
- 1 h
- Remarks on result:
- other: No deaths, but multiple effects were observed (contamination of fur, general stress, lung rales, weight loss, lung discoloration)
- Mortality:
- No mortality was observed.
- Clinical signs:
- other: Animals visible exhibited labored breathing and intermittent gasping. Upon removal from the chamber mucoid nasal discharge, salivation, rapid or labored breathing, gasping, dry or moist rales, reduced activity, and wet or matted ano-genital fur were obser
- Body weight:
- Weight losses were seen in nearly all rats following exposure. Body weights recovered to pre-exposure values in males by day 4 and in females usually by day 7. Body weight in the second week were within the limits of normal expectation.
- Gross pathology:
- At necropsy, 5 male and 4 female rats showed treatment related foci or areas of lung discoloration (higher incidence than normally encountered)
- Other findings:
- Not relevant
- Interpretation of results:
- other: not classified
- Remarks:
- based on CLP criteria
- Conclusions:
- A one-hour inhalation exposure study was performed on AC-HDS, and the results are used for Read across to AC-LDS. Rats were exposed for one hour to a dust of BPL 12 x 30 at a nominal concentration of 64.4 mg/L and mean airborne concentration of 8.5 mg/L, exposure did not produce mortality. However, irritation of the respiratory mucous membranes related to test material exposure was observed and residual lung discoloration was seen at necropsy. The LC50 was established to be >8.5 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
A one-hour inhalation exposure study was performed on AC-HDS, and the results are used for Read across to AC-LDS. This acute inhalation toxicity study in rats was conducted according to a method resembling OECD guideline 403. Male and female rats were exposed for one hour to BPL 12 x 30 at a nominal concentration of 64.4 mg/L and a mean airborne concentration of 8.5 mg/L. Rats were observed for 14 days after exposure.
Several effects were observed. All rats appeared heavily contaminated with the test material during and 14 days after the exposure period. Animals visible exhibited labored breathing and intermittent gasping. Upon removal from the chamber mucoid nasal discharge, salivation, rapid or labored breathing, gasping, dry or moist rales, reduced activity, and wet or matted ano-genital fur were observed. Recovery was apparent within 1 day. Slight dry rales was observed in most rats during the 14-day observation period. Weight losses were seen in nearly all rats following exposure. Body weights recovered to pre-exposure values in males by day 4 and in females usually by day 7. Body weights in the second week were within the limits of normal expectation. At necropsy, 5 male and 4 female rats showed foci or areas of lung discoloration.
As no deaths occured the tested concentration can be considered as LC0 (LC50 >8.5 mg/L). Following these results, the test and thus target substance does not need to be classified for acute inhalation toxicity according to the criteria outlined in Annex I of 1272/2008/EC .
Referenceopen allclose all
Endpoint conclusion
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Value:
- 8 500 mg/m³ air
Acute toxicity: via dermal route
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: dermal
- Data waiving:
- study scientifically not necessary / other information available
- Justification for data waiving:
- the study does not need to be conducted because inhalation of the substance is likely
Reference
Additional information
No mortality or toxicity effects were observed in the key study for acute oral toxicity up to the highest dosage of 2000 mg/kg bw. Also no deaths were reported in the key study for acute inhalation toxicity (read-across from Activated Carbon - High Density Skeleton) at a tested concentration of 8.5 mg/L. However, body weight loss, respiratory mucous membrane irritancy and - at necropsy - lung discoloration were observed. The LD50 and LC50 were determined to be >2000 mg/kg bw and >8.5 mg/L for the oral and inhalation route, respectively.
Justification for classification or non-classification
Based on the results of the key studies, Activated Carbon - Low Density Carbon does not need to be classified for acute toxicity when considering the criteria outlined in Annex I of 1272/20008/EC .
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.