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EC number: 412-570-1 | CAS number: 119462-56-5 PERKALINK 900
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to soil macroorganisms except arthropods
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to soil macroorganisms except arthropods: long-term
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 222 (Earthworm Reproduction Test (Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei))
- Version / remarks:
- July 29, 2016
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Remarks:
- acetone
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- Pre-treatment of the Test Item
The test item was dissolved in a volume of acetone sufficient to prepare a stock solution. This stock solution was used to produce the various dosage solutions of the test item. An appropriate volume of the stock and the dosage solutions respectively were used to soak a portion of the quartz sand of the artificial soil. After evaporation of the solvent by placing the application vessels under a fume hood, the quartz sand was coated by the test item.
The test item coated fraction of the quartz sand was then incorporated into the remainder of the artificial soil by thoroughly mixing it in for 3 minutes.
Finally, the contaminated artificial soil was filled into the test vessels. Per test vessel an amount corresponding to 500 g dw was used. - Test organisms (species):
- Eisenia fetida
- Animal group:
- annelids
- Details on test organisms:
- The earthworms used in this test, Eisenia fetida (Lumbricidae, Earthworms) have been kept at ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH since February 1994. They were originally delivered by Co. Landenberger (D-72355 Schömberg). The adult earthworms were fed with finely ground cow manure.
Only adult earthworms (with clitellum) with a fresh weight (FW) between 300 and 600 mg were used. The worms were at least two months, but not more than one year old, and the age of individuals did not differ by more than four weeks. Animals which fulfilled these requirements, were taken from a synchronised culture. The worms selected for the test were acclimatised in artificial soil under test conditions at least 24 hours before starting the test. - Study type:
- laboratory study
- Substrate type:
- artificial soil
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 56 d
- Test temperature:
- 20 ± 2 ºC
- pH:
- 5.7 - 6.4
- Moisture:
- 51.5 - 59.0 % of WHCmax using deionised water
- Details on test conditions:
- - Concentrations: 25, 45, 81, 145.8, 262.4, 472.4 mg a.i./kg artificial soil dry weight (dw)
- Exposure: mixed with artificial soil
- Controls: solvent treated, water treated
- Toxic reference item: Control, 150, 300 and 600 mg boric acid/kg (separate GLP study, ECT Study No.: IRR1803)
- Test design: Six treatments plus water control and solvent control, 4 replicates per treatment, 8 for the solvent control and 4 for the water control
- Test system: 10 Eisenia fetida per test vessel
- Feeding: After the start of the experiment, food was first provided one day after application of the test item and introduction of the adult earthworms. Thereafter, the adult earthworms were fed weekly during the first 4 weeks of the test. An amount of 15 ± 0.5 g of moistened dung was spread on the soil surface of each test container. If food remained uneaten, the ration was reduced on demand. After removing of the adults on day 28 further 15 ± 0.5 g of the moistened dung was mixed with the artificial soil of each test vessel.
- Test vessels: Bellaplast containers (Company Kastelplast, D-55120 Mainz) consisting of inert (non-toxic) plastic (Polystyrol), base area of 11 x 15.5 cm (= 170.5 cm²) and a height of 6 cm, covered with a transparent and perforate lid
- composition of the artificial soil was based on OECD Guideline No. 222
- water content of the test substrate was checked weekly by reweighing the test vessels and losses of water were compensated
- Temperature: 20 ± 2 ºC
- Light/dark cycle: 16 h light : 8 h dark, light intensity of 400 – 800 lx
- adult earthworms were removed from the substrate after 28 days
- Test parameters: Mortality and biomass after 28 days; reproduction after 56 days
- Endpoints: NOEC/LOECMortality, LC50, NOEC/LOECBiomass, NOEC/LOECReproduction, EC10 and EC50 values for reproduction - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 25, 45, 81, 145.8, 262.4, 472.4 mg active ingredient/kg soil dw
Reference: 150, 300, 600 mg/ kg - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- boric acid
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 81 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Duration:
- 56 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 81 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Key result
- Duration:
- 56 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 37.9 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Details on results:
- Observations: After 28 days cocoons were observed in all test vessels except in the highest concentration, i.e. 472.4 mg a.i./kg soil (dw), where in one replicate one cocoon was found and the other ones none.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- In a separate GLP study, the EC50 value was calculated by Probit analysis using Linear Max. Likelihood Regression as 329.8 mg boric acid/kg soil (dw). The estimated EC50 value in this study was slightly lower than aspired by the guideline. However, since the calculated EC50 was lower by factor of 1.2 than the expected range of 400-600 mg boric acid/ kg soil (dw) acceptable sensitivity of the test system is assumed.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Statistical evaluation:
- Mortality: Data were checked for homogeneity of proportions by Tarone’s test followed by Rao-Scott-Cochran-Armitage test (one-sided, α = 0.05). The LC50 was computed by Weibull analysis using linear max. likelihood regression
- Biomass change: Data were checked for normality by Shapiro-Wilk’s test procedure and for homogeneity by Levene’s test. Afterwards, treatment means were compared Williams t-test (α = 0.05, one-sided) and tested for statistically significant differences compared to the solvent control.
- Reproduction: Data were checked for normality by Shapiro-Wilk’s test procedure and for homogeneity by Levene’s test. Treatment means were compared by ANOVA followed by William’s test (α = 0.05, one-sided) and tested for statistically significant differences compared to the solvent control. The ECx values were computed by Weibull analysis using linear max. likelihood regression (Sachs 1982).
The statistical software package ToxRat Professional 3.2.1 was used for these calculations. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Mortality of adult animals in solvent control: 0.0%(required: ≤ 10%), mean number of juveniles / replicate in solvent control (+- standard deviation): 292.1 ± 45.9 (required: ≥ 30), CV for no. of juveniles in solvent control: 15.7% (required: ≤ 30%)
- Conclusions:
- The effects of the test item Perkalink 900 on the mortality, biomass and number of juveniles of Eisenia fetida were tested under laboratory conditions.
Adult mortality and the number of juveniles are the most prominent endpoints of Perkalink 900.
The overall lowest effect levels were:
NOEC: 81 mg a.i./kg soil (dw)
EC10 = 37.9 mg a.i./kg soil (dw) - Executive summary:
A study was conducted to assess the toxicity of Perkalink 900 to earthworms according to OECD Guideline No. 222 "Earthworm Reproduction Test (Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei)" which equals ISO 11268-2 Part 2 (2012) "Soil Quality – Effects of Pollutants on Earthworms – Part 2: Determination of Effects on Reproduction to Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei".
The earthworms were exposed to 6 concentrations (25, 45, 81, 145.8, 262.4, 472.4 mg a.i./kg artificial soil dry weight (dw)), solvent control and water control. Quarts sand was mixed with Perkalink 900 solved in acetone, dried and mixed with the artificial soil to achieve the different contentrations. Per treatment 4 replicates were executed, 8 replicates for the solvent control and 4 for the water control. 10 Eisenia fetida were exposed per test vessel. The composition of the artificial soil was based on OECD Guideline No. 222. The water content of the test substrate was checked weekly by reweighing the test vessels and losses of water were compensated. The worm were kept at 20 ± 2 ºC with a Light/dark cycle of 16 h light : 8 h dark (light intensity of 400 – 800 lx). Adult earthworms were removed from the substrate after 28 days. Test parameters were mortality and biomass after 28 days and reproduction after 56 days
Adult mortality (28 d) and the number of juveniles (56 d) are the most prominent endpoints of Perkalink 900.
The overall lowest effect levels were:
NOEC: 81 mg a.i./kg soil (dw) (mortality and reproduction)
EC10 = 37.9 mg a.i./kg soil (dw) (reproduction).
Reference
Description of key information
A study was conducted to assess the toxicity of Perkalink 900 to earthworms according to OECD Guideline No. 222 "Earthworm Reproduction Test (Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei)".
The overall lowest effect levels were:
NOEC: 81 mg a.i./kg soil (dw) (mortality and reproduction)
EC10 = 37.9 mg a.i./kg soil (dw) (reproduction).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Long-term EC10, LC10 or NOEC for soil macroorganisms:
- 37.9 mg/kg soil dw
Additional information
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