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EC number: 218-489-6 | CAS number: 2162-98-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Biodegradation of chlorinated alkanes and their commercial mixtures by Pseudomonas sp. strain 273
- Author:
- Ester Heath · Wayne A. Brown · Soren R. Jensen
Michael P. Bratty - Year:
- 2 004
- Bibliographic source:
- Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology March 2006, Volume 33, Issue 3, pp 197–207 Biodegradation of chlorinated alkanes and their commercial mixtures by Pseudomonas sp. strain 273
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The current study is focused on the second issue required to quantify the UABL of a dehalogenase. Namely, it was desired to expand upon the limited set of available data related to the biological dehalogenation of Iong-chain chloroalkanes. To date, most sturlies have focused on chlorinated hydrocarbons with chain lengths less than c4. Results Oll microbial dehalogenation of chlorinated hydrocarbons with carbon chain lengths greater than C9 are sparse. A notable exception is the work performed with tx- and tx,w-chlorimited alkanes. With regards to mixtures, there have been several attempts to biodegrade industrial mixtures of polychlorinated alkane, but only the total amount of chloride released from the alkane mixture was reported. To fill this gap in the literature, the biodegradation of chlorinated alkanes with carbon chain lengths between C6 and C16 was examined. The aim was to elucidate the effect of chlorine position and carbon chain length on biodegradation. The work focused on pure compounds, as current analytical techniques cannot resolve the complex industrial PCA mixtures into its substituents. As mainly only tx-chlorinated and tx-w-dichloro alkanes are commercially available, internally chlorinated alkanes were synthesized in our laboratory. The gross degradation of a commercial mixture of chlorinated alkanes was also examined.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 1,10-dichlorodecane
- EC Number:
- 218-489-6
- EC Name:
- 1,10-dichlorodecane
- Cas Number:
- 2162-98-3
- Molecular formula:
- C10H20Cl2
- IUPAC Name:
- 1,10-dichlorodecane
- Test material form:
- liquid
Constituent 1
Study design
- Oxygen conditions:
- not specified
- Inoculum or test system:
- other: Pseudomonas sp. strain 273
- Duration of test (contact time):
- ca. 10 d
Initial test substance concentration
- Initial conc.:
- ca. 100 µg/L
- Details on study design:
- Biodegradation tests were carried out in 500-ml shake flasks containing 100 ml of mineralsalt media. Per Iiter, the medium contained 2.12 g Na2HPO4, 1.36 g KH2PO4, 0.5 g (NH4HSO4 and 0.2 g MgSO4·7H20, 500 mg yeast extract and 1 ml of microelement solution. In some cases, shake flasks were prepared without yeast extract in order to determine microbial growth on chlorinated alkarre as sole carbon source. The microelements solution consisted of, per liter, 20 g NaOH, 10 g MgSO4·7H2O, 4 g ZnSO4·7H2O, 1 g CuS04·5H2O, 3.2 g MnSO4·H2O, 20 g Fe2(S04h·7H2O, 100 g Na2SO4, 1 g NaMoO4·2H2O, 1 ml 96°C H2SO4 and 120 g EDTA. Shake flasks were incubated at 30°C and agitated at 200 rpm. A volume of 50 or 100µl of chlorinated hydrocarbons was added to the mineral medium.
Results and discussion
% Degradation
- Key result
- Parameter:
- other: dehalogenation
- Value:
- ca. 100
- Sampling time:
- 17 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: no information on standard derivation is available
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Interpretation of results:
- other: biodegradable/complete dehalogenation
- Conclusions:
- Complete dehalogenation of 100 µg/l of 1, 10- DCD was achieved in 5-17 days of incubation, depending upon the amount and physiological state of the innoculum used.
- Executive summary:
The biodegradation of chlorinated alkanes was studied under oxic conditions with the objective of identifying favorable and unfavorable intramolecular chlorination sequences with respect to the enzymes
studied. Several dehalogenating bacterial strains were screened for their ability to degrade middle-chain polychlorinated alkanes as well as a commercial mixture. Of the organisms tested, the most promising was Pseudomonas sp. strain 273, which possesses an oxygenolytic dehalogenase. The effects of carbon chain length (C6-C16), halogen position, and overall chlorine content were examined using both commercially
available compounds and molecules synthesized in our laboratory. The effects of co-substrates, solvents, and inducing agents were also studied. The results with pure chlorinated alkanes showed that the relative positions of the chlorine atoms strongly influenced the total amount of dehalogenation achieved. The greatest dehalogenation yields were associated with terminally chlorinated alkanes. The rx- and rx,w-chlorinated compounds yielded similar results. Vicinal chlorination had the most dramatic impact on degradation. When present on both ends or at the center of the molecule, no dehalogenation was detected. Although partial dehalogenation of 1 ,2-dichlorodecane was observed, it was likely due to a combination of ß-oxidation and an abiotic mechanism. Cereclor S52 was appreciably dehalogenated in shake flasks only when 1,10-dichlorodecane was present as a co-substrate and after increasing the oil surface area through mechanical emulsification, demonstrating the importance of abiotic factors in degrading commercial polychlorinated
alkane mixtures.
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