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EC number: 200-309-2 | CAS number: 57-06-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Basic toxicokinetics
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- basic toxicokinetics, other
- Remarks:
- review
- Type of information:
- other: review
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- data from handbook or collection of data
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- review article or handbook
- Title:
- Scientific Opinion on the safety of allyl isothiocyanate for the proposed uses as a food additive.
- Author:
- EFSA
- Year:
- 2 010
- Bibliographic source:
- EFSA Journal 2010;8(12):1943
Materials and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- review of toxicokinetics
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Allyl isothiocyanate
- EC Number:
- 200-309-2
- EC Name:
- Allyl isothiocyanate
- Cas Number:
- 57-06-7
- Molecular formula:
- C4H5NS
- IUPAC Name:
- 3-isothiocyanatoprop-1-ene
- Test material form:
- liquid
Constituent 1
Results and discussion
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Overall, the fate of isothiocyanate has been investigated in rodents and in humans. In animals, the doses of 14C-radiolabelled isothiocyanates administered ranged from 2.5 to 25 mg/kg bw. Humans received isothiocyanate as mustard or horseradish preparations corresponding to dietary doses of only 0.065 to 0.130 mg isothiocyanate/kg bw. In rodents, isothiocyanates are readily absorbed and distributed to all the tissues. At comparable doses, there are clear sex- and species-specific differences in the distribution, metabolism and excretion of substituted isothiocyanates. Tissue distribution is characterized by high levels of radioactivity in urinary bladder tissue of rats. Metabolic studies in humans, mice and rats indicate that isothiocyanates react readily with reduced glutathione to form a glutathione conjugate as the principal metabolite. This conjugate is further metabolised to a cysteine conjugate and finally to the mercapturic acid N-acetyl-S-(N-allylthiocarbamoyl)-L-cysteine before excretion in the urine (Figure 2). In mice, this mercapturate represents less than 20% of the urinary radioactivity whereas it was the major metabolite in humans and rats. Thus, the rat appears to resemble humans more than mice in AITC metabolism. By considering the rate of urinary excretion of metabolites and disregarding differences in doses, rats have a slower clearance of AITC than mouse and a much slower clearance than humans. The lability of the mercapturic acid N-acetyl-S-(Nallylthiocarbamoyl)-L-cysteine under the conditions present in the rodent bladder may lead to formation of unconjugated isothiocyanate (Bruggeman et al., 1986), which would increase irritation of the rat bladder epithelium, mainly in male rats exposed to high AITC intake.
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