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EC number: 927-807-9 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://chesar.echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_environmental-fate-and-pathways.png)
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- March to April 1993
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: The study was conducted according to a standard guideline, but it was not conducted under GLP guidelines and oxygen consumption was not reported.
- Justification for type of information:
- A discussion and report on the read across strategy is given as an attachment in IUCLID Section 13.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across: supporting information
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OTS 796.3100 (Aerobic Aquatic Biodegradation)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The test was conducted without a negative control, but this does not invalidate the results.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, non-adapted
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 31 d
- Initial conc.:
- >= 22.97 - <= 23.35 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- CO2 evolution
- Reference substance:
- benzoic acid, sodium salt
- Parameter:
- % degradation (CO2 evolution)
- Value:
- 0
- Sampling time:
- 3 d
- Parameter:
- % degradation (CO2 evolution)
- Value:
- 2.47
- Sampling time:
- 8 d
- Parameter:
- % degradation (CO2 evolution)
- Value:
- 5.44
- Sampling time:
- 16 d
- Parameter:
- % degradation (CO2 evolution)
- Value:
- 7.34
- Sampling time:
- 24 d
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (CO2 evolution)
- Value:
- 8.74
- Sampling time:
- 31 d
- Details on results:
- The positive control, sodium benzoate, biodegraded to 60.15% on day 16, 63.62% on day 24, and 65.70% on day 31.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The test was conducted without a negative control, but this does not invalidate the results.
- Interpretation of results:
- not inherently biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- The test substance biodegraded to an extent of 7.34% after 24 days and 8.74% after 31 days. The test substance is not inherently biodegradable.
- Executive summary:
The test substance biodegraded to an extent of 7.34% after 24 days and 8.74% after 31 days. The test substance is not inherently biodegradable.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- May to August 1996
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: The study was conducted according to a standard guideline without deviations from the protocol, but it was not conducted under GLP guidelines and oxygen consumption was not reported.
- Justification for type of information:
- A discussion and report on the read across strategy is given as an attachment in IUCLID Section 13.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across: supporting information
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 F (Ready Biodegradability: Manometric Respirometry Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The test included two consecutive 41-day phases. The first phase of the test was conducted following the OECD Guideline 301 F (Ready Biodegradability Test) and using a non acclimated, domestic, sewage sludge inoculum, but extending the duration to 41 days. The second phase of the test was conducted following the OECD Guideline 301 F (Ready Biodegradability Test), and using the day 41 acclimated inoculum from the first phase of the test, with a duration of another 41 days.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- other: Activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted was used in the non acclimated phase of the test. The acclimated phase of the test used the inoculum collected from the non acclimated test phase at its termination.
- Details on inoculum:
- The non acclimated activated sludge inoculum used in this study was obtained from a domestic wastewater treatment plant, in New Jersey, USA.
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 82 d
- Initial conc.:
- ca. 48 - <= 60 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- Quadruplicate test systems were used to evaluate the biodegradability of the test substance at a concentration range of 48 to 60 mg/L. Duplicate test systems were used to evaluate the positive control substance at approximate concentrations of 51 mg/L. Blank test systems, which did not contain the test or positive control substance, were run concurrently.
- Reference substance:
- benzoic acid, sodium salt
- Preliminary study:
- A preliminary study was not conducted.
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 31.3
- St. dev.:
- 2.5
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: From the non acclimated test
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 40.5
- St. dev.:
- 2.8
- Sampling time:
- 41 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: From the non acclimated test
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 41.7
- St. dev.:
- 3.1
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: From the acclimated test
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 47.5
- St. dev.:
- 1.4
- Sampling time:
- 41 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: From the acclimated test
- Details on results:
- The test material was not readily biodegradable. The test material reached 10% biodegradation on day 13 of the non acclimated test phase and on day 7 of the acclimated test phase. A half-life was not determined. By Day 41, the average percent biodegradation of quadruplicate test systems was 41% in the non acclimated test and 48% in the acclimated test.
Biodegradation was based on oxygen consumption and the theoretical oxygen demand of the test substance was calculated using results of an elemental analysis of the test substance.
Interval results for the test substance are as follows:
Day % Degradation % Degradation
Non Acclimated Test Acclimated Test
(mean of quadruplicate systems) (mean of quadruplicate systems)
3 0.24 0.35
7 0.53 13.1
13 10.6 25.9
18 19.4 32.7
25 28.3 39.5
28 31.3 41.7
41 40.5 47.5 - Results with reference substance:
- The reference substance biodegraded to an extent of 89% in the non acclimated test and 87% in the acclimated test after 28 days. By Day 3, >60% biodegradation of the positive control was observed in both tests, which meets the guideline requirement.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The test guideline validity criteria require that the oxygen uptake in the inoculum blank should not exceed 60 mg/L in 28 days, which it did not, therefore, the results are considered valid. These data were contained in the laboratory notebook.
- Interpretation of results:
- inherently biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- The test substance biodegraded to an extent of 31% after 28 days and 41% after 41 days during a non acclimated phase of the test. The test substance biodegraded to an extent of 42% after 28 days and 48% after 41 days during an acclimated phase of the test.
- Executive summary:
The test substance biodegraded to an extent of 31% after 28 days and 41% after 41 days during a non acclimated phase of the test. The test substance biodegraded to an extent of 42% after 28 days and 48% after 41 days during an acclimated phase of the test. The test substance can be characterized as inherently biodegradable.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2013-10-16 to 2013-11-16
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Remarks:
- The study was conducted according to a standard guideline without deviations from the protocol, and was conducted under GLP guidelines.
- Justification for type of information:
- A discussion and report on the read across strategy is given as an attachment in IUCLID Section 13.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across: supporting information
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 F (Ready Biodegradability: Manometric Respirometry Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- pH readings of the test item on day 28 was not taking due to the volatile and oily nature of test substance. This deviation was considered have had no adverse effect on the outcome of the test given the >60% degradation was achieved.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.4-D (Determination of the "Ready" Biodegradability - Manometric Respirometry Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- pH readings of the test item on day 28 was not taking due to the volatile and oily nature of test substance. This deviation was considered have had no adverse effect on the outcome of the test given the >60% degradation was achieved.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 835.3110 (Ready Biodegradability)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- pH readings of the test item on day 28 was not taking due to the volatile and oily nature of test substance. This deviation was considered have had no adverse effect on the outcome of the test given the >60% degradation was achieved.
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- A mixed population of sewage treatment micro-organisms was obtained on 11 October 2013 from the final effluent stage of the Severn Trent Water Plc sewage treatment plant at Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK. The site treats predominantly domestic sewage. Sample of the inoculum was filtered through a coarse filter paper (first approximate 200 ml discarded) and maintained on aeration in a temperature controlled room at 21±1°C before use.
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Reference substance:
- aniline
- Preliminary study:
- Preliminary solubility/dispersibility study was performed in order to determine the most suitable method of preparation.
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 14
- Sampling time:
- 5 d
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 33
- Sampling time:
- 10 d
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 50
- Sampling time:
- 15 d
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 67
- Sampling time:
- 20 d
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 88
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Details on results:
- The test substance exhibited rapid biodegradation and assessed as readily biodegradable. By Day 28, the average percent biodegradation of the test substance was 88%. The test substance reached 14% biodegradation on approximately Day 5 and 50% biodegradation on approximately Day 15.
Biodegradation was based on oxygen consumption and the theoretical oxygen demand of the test substance was calculated using results of an elemental analysis of the test substance. - Results with reference substance:
- The reference substance biodegraded to an extent of 79% at Day 28. At Day 14, 63% biodegradation was observed, at Day 20, the biodegradation was 77%.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- A ready biodegradation value of 88% after 28 days was observed for the substance in accordance with OECD 301F and in compliance with GLP. The result is considered reliable.
- Executive summary:
The test substance biodegraded to an extent of 88% after 28 days. The data support characterizing the test substance as readily biodegradable, not expected to persist in the environment under aerobic conditions. Although it did not meet the 10 -day window requirement, it is characterized as readily biodegradable because the criterium is not applied to multi-component substances when assessing their ready biodegradability.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- March to April 1993
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: The study was conducted according to a standard guideline, but it was not conducted under GLP guidelines and oxygen consumption was not reported.
- Justification for type of information:
- A discussion and report on the read across strategy is given as an attachment in IUCLID Section 13.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across: supporting information
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OTS 796.3100 (Aerobic Aquatic Biodegradation)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The test was conducted without a negative control, but this does not invalidate the results.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, non-adapted
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 31 d
- Initial conc.:
- >= 22.55 - <= 23.45 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- CO2 evolution
- Reference substance:
- benzoic acid, sodium salt
- Parameter:
- % degradation (CO2 evolution)
- Value:
- 1.74
- Sampling time:
- 3 d
- Parameter:
- % degradation (CO2 evolution)
- Value:
- 5.66
- Sampling time:
- 8 d
- Parameter:
- % degradation (CO2 evolution)
- Value:
- 13.63
- Sampling time:
- 16 d
- Parameter:
- % degradation (CO2 evolution)
- Value:
- 16.07
- Sampling time:
- 24 d
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (CO2 evolution)
- Value:
- 18.39
- Sampling time:
- 31 d
- Details on results:
- The positive control, sodium benzoate, biodegraded to 60.15% on day 16, 63.62% on day 24, and 65.70% on day 31.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The test was conducted without a negative control, but this does not invalidate the results.
- Interpretation of results:
- not inherently biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- The test substance biodegraded to an extent of 16.07% after 24 days and 18.39% after 31 days. The test substance is not inherently biodegradable.
- Executive summary:
The test substance biodegraded to an extent of 16.07% after 24 days and 18.39% after 31 days. The test substance is not inherently biodegradable.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- February to March 1995
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: The study was conducted according to a standard guideline without deviations from the protocol and conducted under GLP guidelines.
- Justification for type of information:
- A discussion and report on the read across strategy is given as an attachment in IUCLID Section 13.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across: supporting information
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 F (Ready Biodegradability: Manometric Respirometry Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 30 d
- Initial conc.:
- 37 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- Duplicate test systems were used to evaluate the biodegradability of the test substance at a concentration of 37 mg/L. One test system was used to evaluate the positive control substance at a concentration of approximately 31 mg/L. Duplicate blank test systems, which did not contain the test or positive control substance, were run concurrently.
- Reference substance:
- benzoic acid, sodium salt
- Preliminary study:
- A preliminary study was not conducted.
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- ca. 10
- Sampling time:
- 3 d
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- ca. 50
- Sampling time:
- 9 d
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 61.3
- Sampling time:
- 12 d
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 76.6
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: Percent biodegradation was still increasing.
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 76.6
- Sampling time:
- 30 d
- Details on results:
- The test substance exhibited rapid biodegradation, and was assessed as readily biodegradable. The half-life was approximately 9 days. By Day 30, the average percent biodegradation of the test substance was 76.6%. The test substance reached 10% biodegradation on Day 3, and approximately 60% biodegradation on Day 12.
Biodegradation was based on oxygen consumption and the theoretical oxygen demand of the test substance was calculated using results of an elemental analysis of the test substance. - Results with reference substance:
- The reference substance biodegraded to an extent of 88% after 28 days. By Day 5, >60% biodegradation of the positive control was observed, which meets the guideline requirement.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The test guideline validity criteria require that the oxygen uptake in the inoculum blank should not exceed 60 mg/L in 28 days, which it did not, therefore, the results are considered valid.
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- The test substance biodegraded to an extent of approximately 77% after 28 days. The data support characterizing the test material as rapidly biodegradable (readily biodegradable).
- Executive summary:
The test substance biodegraded to an extent of approximately 77% after 28 days. The data support characterizing the test material as rapidly biodegradable (readily biodegradable).
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- March to April 1993
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: The study was conducted according to a standard guideline, but it was not conducted under GLP guidelines and oxygen consumption was not reported.
- Justification for type of information:
- A discussion and report on the read across strategy is given as an attachment in IUCLID Section 13.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across: supporting information
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OTS 796.3100 (Aerobic Aquatic Biodegradation)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The test was conducted without a negative control, but this does not invalidate the results.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, non-adapted
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 31 d
- Initial conc.:
- >= 23.3 - <= 23.98 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- CO2 evolution
- Reference substance:
- benzoic acid, sodium salt
- Parameter:
- % degradation (CO2 evolution)
- Value:
- 5.03
- Sampling time:
- 3 d
- Parameter:
- % degradation (CO2 evolution)
- Value:
- 8.69
- Sampling time:
- 8 d
- Parameter:
- % degradation (CO2 evolution)
- Value:
- 11.69
- Sampling time:
- 16 d
- Parameter:
- % degradation (CO2 evolution)
- Value:
- 12.69
- Sampling time:
- 24 d
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (CO2 evolution)
- Value:
- 13.69
- Sampling time:
- 31 d
- Details on results:
- The positive control, sodium benzoate, biodegraded to 60.15% on day 16, 63.62% on day 24, and 65.70% on day 31.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The test was conducted without a negative control, but this does not invalidate the results.
- Interpretation of results:
- not inherently biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- The test substance biodegraded to an extent of 12.69% after 24 days and 13.69% after 31 days. The test substance is not inherently biodegradable.
- Executive summary:
The test substance biodegraded to an extent of 12.69% after 24 days and 13.69% after 31 days. The test substance is not inherently biodegradable.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- August to September 1994
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: The study was conducted according to a standard guideline without deviations from the protocol and was conducted under GLP guidelines.
- Justification for type of information:
- A discussion and report on the read across strategy is given as an attachment in IUCLID Section 13.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across: supporting information
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 F (Ready Biodegradability: Manometric Respirometry Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- An un-acclimated activated sludge inoculum was used in this study. The inoculum was obtained from the Somerset Raritan Valley Sewage Authority, Bridgewater, New Jersey, USA. The treatment plant receives predominantly domestic sewage. The sewage sample was obtained one day prior to test initiation. The microbial count was 106 CFU/mL. The sludge supernatant was added at a 1% loading volume of to test medium. Test medium consisted of glass distilled water and mineral salts (phosphate buffer, ferric chloride, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride). One liter of test medium and activated sludge, which was aerated for 24 hours with carbon dioxide free air, was added to each one liter respirometer flask.
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- ca. 38 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- Triplicate test systems were used to evaluate the biodegradability of the test substance and the positive control substance at mean concentrations of approximately 38 mg/L and 50 mg/L, respectively. Blank test systems, which did not contain the test or positive control substance, were run concurrently in triplicate. The test substance was weighed in an air tight syringe and injected into the test medium. The test system was sealed immediately after addition of the test substance. An aliquot of the positive control stock solution was added to the appropriate test flasks. All test vessels were stirred constantly using magnetic stir bars and plates. The study was conducted at a temperature of 21°C.
- Reference substance:
- benzoic acid, sodium salt
- Preliminary study:
- A preliminary study was not conducted.
- Test performance:
- No deviations from the protocol occurred that affected the integrity of the study data.
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 4.8
- Sampling time:
- 2 d
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 12.7
- Sampling time:
- 3 d
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 53
- Sampling time:
- 12 d
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 60.2
- Sampling time:
- 18 d
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 67.6
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: Percent biodegradation was still increasing.
- Details on results:
- The test substance exhibited rapid biodegradation, and assessed as readily biodegradable. The half-life was approximately 12 days. By Day 31, the average percent biodegradation of the test substance was 68.7%. The test substance reached 10% biodegradation on approximately Day 3 and 60% biodegradation on approximately Day 18.
Biodegradation was based on oxygen consumption and the theoretical oxygen demand of the test substance was calculated using results of an elemental analysis of the test substance. - Results with reference substance:
- The reference substance biodegraded to an extent of 88.7% after 28 days. By Day 3, >60% biodegradation of the positive control was observed, which meets the guideline requirement.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable, but failing 10-day window
- Conclusions:
- The test substance, a multi-component substance, biodegraded to an extent of 68% after 28 days and 69% after 31 days. The data support characterizing the test substance as rapidly biodegradable, readily biodegradable, not expected to persist in the environment under aerobic conditions. Although it did not meet the 10-day window requirement, it is characterized as readily biodegradable because the criterium is not applied to multi-component substances when assessing their ready biodegradability.
- Executive summary:
The test substance, a multi-component substance, biodegraded to an extent of 68% after 28 days and 69% after 31 days. The data support characterizing the test substance as rapidly biodegradable, readily biodegradable, not expected to persist in the environment under aerobic conditions. Although it did not meet the 10-day window requirement, it is characterized as readily biodegradable because the criterium is not applied to multi-component substances when assessing their ready biodegradability.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- July to August 1994
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: The study was conducted according to a standard guideline without deviations from the protocol and conducted under GLP guidelines.
- Justification for type of information:
- A discussion and report on the read across strategy is given as an attachment in IUCLID Section 13.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across: supporting information
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 F (Ready Biodegradability: Manometric Respirometry Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 38 d
- Initial conc.:
- 49.4 mg/L
- Based on:
- other: test mat., replicate 1
- Initial conc.:
- 32 mg/L
- Based on:
- other: test mat., replicate 2
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- Duplicate test systems were used to evaluate the biodegradability of the test substance at a concentration of 49.4 mg/L. One test system was used to evaluate the positive control substance at a concentration of 40.6 mg/L. Duplicate blank test systems, which did not contain the test or positive control substance, were run concurrently.
- Reference substance:
- benzoic acid, sodium salt
- Preliminary study:
- A preliminary study was not conducted.
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- ca. 10
- Sampling time:
- 2 d
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- ca. 50
- Sampling time:
- 8 d
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- ca. 63
- Sampling time:
- 12 d
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- ca. 79
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 79
- Sampling time:
- 38 d
- Details on results:
- The test substance exhibited rapid biodegradation, and was assessed as readily biodegradable. The half-life was approximately 8 days. By Day 38, the average percent biodegradation of the test substance was 79%. The test substance reached 10% biodegradation on Day 2, and approximately 60% biodegradation on Day 12.
Biodegradation was based on oxygen consumption and the theoretical oxygen demand of the test substance was calculated using results of an elemental analysis of the test substance. - Results with reference substance:
- The reference substance biodegraded to an extent of approximately 90% after 28 days. By Day 4, >60% biodegradation of the positive control was observed, which meets the guideline requirement.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The test guideline validity criteria require that the oxygen uptake in the inoculum blank should not exceed 60 mg/L in 28 days, which it did not, therefore, the results are considered valid.
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- The test substance biodegraded to an extent of approximately 79% after 28 days. The data support characterizing the test material as rapidly biodegradable (readily biodegradable).
- Executive summary:
The test substance biodegraded to an extent of approximately 79% after 28 days. The data support characterizing the test material as rapidly biodegradable (readily biodegradable).
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- February to March 1996
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: The study was conducted according to a standard guideline without deviations from the protocol, but it was not conducted under GLP guidelines and oxygen consumption was not reported.
- Justification for type of information:
- A discussion and report on the read across strategy is given as an attachment in IUCLID Section 13.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across: supporting information
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 F (Ready Biodegradability: Manometric Respirometry Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- An un-acclimated activated sludge inoculum was used in this study. The inoculum was obtained from a domestic wastewater treatment plant, in New Jersey, USA.
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- ca. 39 - <= 40 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- Triplicate test systems were used to evaluate the biodegradability of the test substance at concentrations of 39 to 40 mg/L. Duplicate test systems were used to evaluate the positive control substance at an approximate concentration of 51 mg/L. Blank test systems, which did not contain the test or positive control substance, were run concurrently.
- Reference substance:
- benzoic acid, sodium salt
- Preliminary study:
- A preliminary study was not conducted.
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 7.1
- St. dev.:
- 6.3
- Sampling time:
- 6 d
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 12.4
- St. dev.:
- 8.2
- Sampling time:
- 7 d
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 47.8
- St. dev.:
- 11
- Sampling time:
- 24 d
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 52.2
- St. dev.:
- 9
- Sampling time:
- 27 d
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 53.4
- St. dev.:
- 8.5
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: Percent biodegradation was still increasing.
- Details on results:
- The test substance exhibited moderately rapid biodegradation, and assessed as inherently biodegradable. The half-life was approximately 27 days. By Day 28, the average percent biodegradation of the test substance was 53.4%. The test substance reached approximately 10% biodegradation on Day 7.
Biodegradation was based on oxygen consumption and the theoretical oxygen demand of the test substance was calculated using results of an elemental analysis of the test substance. - Results with reference substance:
- The reference substance biodegraded to an extent of 94.2% (s.d. = 2.5) after 28 days. By Day 4, >60% biodegradation of the positive control was observed, which meets the guideline requirement.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The test guideline validity criteria require that the oxygen uptake in the inoculum blank should not exceed 60 mg/L in 28 days, which it did not, therefore, the results are considered valid. These data were contained in the laboratory notebook.
- Interpretation of results:
- inherently biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- The test substance biodegraded to an extent of 53% after 28 days. The data support characterizing the test material as exhibiting moderate rate of biodegradation (inherently biodegradable).
- Executive summary:
The test substance biodegraded to an extent of 53% after 28 days. The data support characterizing the test material as exhibiting moderate rate of biodegradation (inherently biodegradable).
Referenceopen allclose all
Results:
Daily BOD values for the test substance, procedure control, toxicity control and inoculum control vessels are in Table 1. The percentage biodegradation values of the test and reference substance and toxicity controls are shown in Table 3 below. The pH results are in Table 2.
Table 3: Biodegradation values
Day |
Procedure control |
Test item |
|
Toxicity control |
|
|
|
R1 |
R2 |
Mean |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
0 |
4 |
0 |
6 |
4 |
5 |
1 |
5 |
1 |
14 |
13 |
14 |
6 |
6 |
1 |
19 |
18 |
19 |
21 |
7 |
1 |
23 |
21 |
22 |
34 |
8 |
1 |
27 |
24 |
26 |
39 |
9 |
1 |
31 |
28 |
30 |
42 |
10 |
1 |
35 |
31 |
33 |
45 |
11 |
4 |
38 |
34 |
36 |
48 |
12 |
20 |
42 |
37 |
40 |
50 |
13 |
49 |
46 |
40 |
43 |
52 |
14 |
63 |
51 |
43 |
47 |
54 |
15 |
68 |
55 |
45 |
50 |
56 |
16 |
71 |
59 |
48 |
54 |
58 |
17 |
73 |
63 |
51 |
57 |
61 |
18 |
75 |
66 |
53 |
60 |
64 |
19 |
76 |
70 |
56 |
63 |
66 |
20 |
77 |
74 |
59 |
67 |
69 |
21 |
77 |
77 |
61 |
69 |
72 |
22 |
78 |
80 |
64 |
72 |
75 |
23 |
78 |
83 |
67 |
75 |
77 |
24 |
78 |
86 |
71 |
79 |
79 |
25 |
78 |
88 |
75 |
82 |
80 |
26 |
79 |
90 |
78 |
84 |
82 |
27 |
79 |
92 |
81 |
87 |
84 |
28 |
79 |
93 |
83 |
88 |
85 |
R1, R2= Replicates 1 and 2
Validation criteria:
The mean BOD of the inoculated mineral medium (control) was 33.72 mg O2/L after 28 days and therefore satisfied the validation criterion of the test guideline.
The difference between extremes of replicate BOD values at the end of the test and at the end of the 10-day window was <20% and therefore satisfied the validation criterion of the test guideline.
Biodegradation:
The test item achieved 88% biodegradation after 28 days and is therefore considered readily biodegradable.
The toxicity control attained 54% biodegradation after 14 days and 85% biodegradation after 28 days, thereby confirming that the test item was not toxic to the sewage treatment micro-organisms used during the study.
Aniline (procedure control) attained 63% biodegradation after 14 days and 79% biodegradation after 28 days thereby confirming the suitability of the inoculum and test conditions.
Chemical analysis of the 100 mg/l test preparation at 0 hours, showed that a mean measured concentration of 82% of nominal was obtained. A decline in measured test concentration was observed at day 28 to less than the limit of quantification (LOQ) of the analytical method used which was determined to be 0.60 mg/l.
The losses observed by chemical analysis were higher that those observed by oxygen consumption, this was considered to be due to possible losses of the test substance due to its volatility during sampling and analytical procedures.
Another factor in the apparent reduced biodegradation value based on oxygen consumption values compared to losses calculated from the chemical analysis conducted may be due to incorporation of the test substance or degradation products of the test substance into the microbial biomass. In such cases, the micro-organisms present utilise carbon originating from the test substance to increase their biomass by incorporating the carbon into new cells. This effectively removes the test substance from the aqueous phase and hence reduces the apparent biodegradation of the test item by oxygen consumption.
Description of key information
There is no data available for this substance. However, key data is available for structural analogues, Hyd C9-C11, cyclics, <2% arom; Hyd C10-C12, ic, <2% arom; Hyd C10-C12, isoalkanes, <2% arom; Hyd C10-C13, ni, <2% arom; Hyd C10-C14, ic, <2% arom; Hyd C11-C12, n-alkanes, <2% arom; Hyd C12-C13, ic, <2% arom; Hyd C12-C16, nic, <2% arom; Hyd C13-C14, n-alkanes, <2% arom; and presented in the dossier. The data is read across to this substance based on analogue read across and a discussion and report on the read across strategy is provided as an attachment in IUCLID Section 13.
Hyd C9-C11, cyclics, <2% arom attained 53% degradation after 28 days. The data support characterizing the test material as exhibiting moderate rate of biodegradation (inherently biodegradable).
Hyd C10-C12, ic, <2% arom attained a degradation of 7.34% after 24 days and 8.74% after 31 days. The test substance is not inherently biodegradable.
Hyd C10-C12, isoalkanes, <2% arom attained a degradation of 31% after 28 days and 41% after 41 days during a non acclimated phase of the test. The test substance biodegraded to an extent of 42% after 28 days and 48% after 41 days during an acclimated phase of the test. The test substance can be characterized as inherently biodegradable.
Hyd C10-C13, ni, <2% arom attained 88 % degradation in 28 days. The substance was therefore concluded to be readily biodegradable
Hyd C10-C14, ic, <2% arom attained a degradation of 16.07% after 24 days and 18.39% after 31 days. The test substance is not inherently biodegradable.
Hyd C11-C12, n-alkanes, <2% arom attained 77% degradation in 28 days. The substance was therefore concluded to be readily biodegradable
Hyd C12-C13, ic, <2% arom attained a degradation of 12.69% after 24 days and 13.69% after 31 days. The test substance is not inherently biodegradable.
Hyd C12-C16, nic, <2% arom attained a degradation 68% after 28 days and 69% after 31 days. The data support characterizing the test substance as rapidly biodegradable, reaily biodegradable, not expected to persist in the environment under aerobic conditions. Although it did not meet the 10-day window requirement, it is characterized as readily biodegradable because the criterium is not applied to multi-component substances when assessing their ready biodegradability.
Hyd C13-C14, n-alkanes, <2% arom attained 79% degradation in 28 days. The substance was therefore concluded to be readily biodegradable
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- readily biodegradable
Additional information
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