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EC number: 233-038-3 | CAS number: 10025-73-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro cytogenicity / chromosome aberration study in mammalian cells
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: chromosome aberration
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1978
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: well documented, contributing to assessment
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Comparative studies of chromosomal aberration and mutagenicity of the trivalent and hexavalent chromium.
- Author:
- Nakamuro K, Yoshikawa K, Sayato Y, Kurata H
- Year:
- 1 978
- Bibliographic source:
- Mutation Research, 58:175–181.
- Report date:
- 1978
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 473 (In Vitro Mammalian Chromosome Aberration Test)
- Deviations:
- not specified
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Type of assay:
- in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Chromium trichloride
- EC Number:
- 233-038-3
- EC Name:
- Chromium trichloride
- Cas Number:
- 10025-73-7
- Molecular formula:
- Cl3Cr
- IUPAC Name:
- chromium trichloride
- Test material form:
- not specified
- Details on test material:
- CrCl3 was supplied by Wako Pure Chemmals Co. Ltd., Tokyo. The chromium compounds was dissolved m water. When necessary, 1 M NaOH or 1 M HC1 solution was added.
Constituent 1
Method
- Target gene:
- Human leukocytes
Species / strain
- Species / strain / cell type:
- other: Human leukocytes
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- not specified
- Metabolic activation:
- not specified
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 32×10E-6M
Controls
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- not specified
- True negative controls:
- not specified
- Positive controls:
- not specified
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- Peripheral blood was obtained from a normal healthy man. Human leukocytes were cultured for 72 h according to the method already described.
CrCl3 was added to the leukocyte culture 24 h before the 4-h prefixation treatment with colchicine. Chromosome preparations were made by the standard flame-drying method.
Results and discussion
Test results
- Species / strain:
- other: Human leukocytes
- Metabolic activation:
- not specified
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- not specified
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not specified
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- not specified
- Additional information on results:
- Leukocyte cultures were treated with chromium compounds at random throughout the cell cycle; the frequency of structural chromosomal aberrations was given. When cultures were treated by the same concentration (32 × 10E-6 M) of each chromium compound, the karyotype of chromosome was not observed after treatment with compounds such as K2Cr207 and K2CrO4. In cultures treated with higher concentrations of chromium, a significant number of structural aberrations was observed compared with those in the control culture.
As chromium compounds had strong cytotoxiclty and comparatively high activity for chromosome damage, leukocytes were next exposed to lower concentrations near the natural level of chromium. - Remarks on result:
- other: all strains/cell types tested
- Remarks:
- Migrated from field 'Test system'.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative
Under this experimental conditions provide in this report, chromium trichloride did not induce positive clastogenic effects. - Executive summary:
This report was published to investigate chromosomal aberrations in human leukocyte cultures with compounds containing Cr 3+ including Cr(NO3)3, Cr(OOCCH3)3 and CrCl3, but also with K2CrO4 and K2Cr2O7. Peripheral blood was obtained from a normal healthy man. Human leukocytes were cultured for 72 h. Chromium compounds were added to the leukocyte culture 24 h before the 4-h prefixation treatment with colchicine. There was no significant difference between test and control cultures in the aberrations with breaks and exchanges or total aberrations, when CrCl3 was tested. In a comparison of the total aberration yield on an equimolar basis, the efficiency in inducing chromosomal aberrations was in the order K2Cr2O7 > K2CrO4 > > Cr(CH3COO)3 > Cr(NO3)3, CrCl3. The last three compounds containing trivalent chromium were significantly less efficient as compared with the first two hexavalent chromium compounds.
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