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EC number: 287-476-5 | CAS number: 85535-84-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 4 to 14 October 1982
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Good quality study with good reporting detail; considered adequate for assessment
Data source
Referenceopen allclose all
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 983
- Report date:
- 1983
- Reference Type:
- secondary source
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 000
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Growth of the marine alga (Skeletonema costatum) following exposure to Chlorowax 500C was assessed for up to 10 days.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Alkanes, C10-13, chloro
- EC Number:
- 287-476-5
- EC Name:
- Alkanes, C10-13, chloro
- Cas Number:
- 85535-84-8
- IUPAC Name:
- Alkanes, C10-C13, Chloro
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Chlorowax 500C
- Substance type: technical product
- Physical state: viscous liquid
- Analytical purity: "100% chlorinated paraffin"
- Impurities (identity and concentrations): free HCl, 7.0 ppm, no stabilisers present
- Composition of test material, percentage of components: C10-12 chlorinated paraffin (58% chlorination)
- Lot/batch No.: R201-198
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: dependent on routine analysis
- Radiochemical purity (if radiolabelling): >98%
- Specific activity (if radiolabelling): 47 mCi/mmol
- Locations of the label (if radiolabelling): chlorinated n-undecane-6-14C
- Expiration date of radiochemical substance (if radiolabelling): no data
- Stability under test conditions: unstable
- Storage condition of test material: -20 degrees C
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Radioactivity measurement: At the start of the test, samples (3.0 ml) were taken of each test solution, using the excess remaining after filling the test vessels, and analysed for 14C concentration by liquid scintillation counting. At the end of the test, each blank solution was sampled and analysed in the same manner and 1 ml of one replicate test culture (containing algae) from each concentration was sampled and analysed for 14C concentration by liquid scintillation counting following sample oxidation. On each occasion, samples were analysed from the control and solvent control to ensure that the count lay within 3 standard deviations of the background count for the scintillation counter.
Parent compound measurement: Samples (250 ml) were taken from the controls and each test solution at the start of the test, using the solutions remaining after filling the test vessels, and analysed by a modification to the method of Hollies JI et al. (979). Analytica Chimica Acta 111, 201-213. This involved the extraction of water samples with hexane and then examination by Thin Layer Chromatography.
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on test solutions:
- The chlorinated paraffin was mixed with 14C-labelled chlorinated undecane by dissolving accurately weighed quantities of both compounds in acetone and mixing known volumes together. Individual stock solutions in acetone were prepared which, when diluted in the algal culture medium, would give the required total chlorinated paraffin concentration. The quantity of 14C labelled chlorinated n-undecane required was calculated such that the radioactivity in the test solutions was approx. twice the background count or between 0.13-0.20 Bq/ml. The proportions of 14C-labelled n-undecane and unlabelled chlorinated paraffin varied according to the total concentration of chlorinated paraffin in the test solution; the amount of 14C labelled material remained approx. the same at different total chlorinated paraffin concentrations.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Skeletonema costatum
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: marine alga
- Strain: CCAP 1077/1b
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): laboratory culture
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation): 5 days old
- Method of cultivation: maintained using aseptic techniques to prevent contamination by other microorganisms
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: none specified
- Culturing media and conditions (same as test or not): same as test
Study design
- Test type:
- other: orbital shaking at 80 rpm
- Water media type:
- saltwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 10 d
- Post exposure observation period:
- None
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- No data
- Test temperature:
- Measured daily by thermometer: 19.5-20.6 degrees C, mean 20.3 degrees C
Measured twice/h by automatic temperature recorder: 19.0-20.5 degrees C - pH:
- pH of test solutions at the start of the study were 8.38-8.45 and by day 10 were 8.20-8.28
- Dissolved oxygen:
- No data
- Salinity:
- 30.5 o/oo
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations: 0, 5.6, 10, 18, 32, 56 and 100 ug/l
Mean measured concentrations: 0, 4.5, 6.7, 12.1, 19.6, 43.1 and 69.8 ug/l
Measured as parent compound in the exposure vessels: 0, 5, 30 and 80 ug/l for the 5.6, 32 and 100 ug/l nominal concentrations respectively
Measured as 14C in the final hexane extracts for parent compound analysis: 0, 3.4, 19.9 and 61.3 ug/l for the 5.6, 32 and 100 ug/l nominal concentrations respectively - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: borosilicate glass conical flasks with polyurethane foam bungs
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 250 ml nominal capacity, containing 100 ml test solution
- Initial cells density: nominal value of 0.8 x 10+4 particles/ml
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): 3
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: no
- Detailed composition if non-standard medium was used: Culture medium provided the major nutrient concentrations described by Walsh GE and Alexander SV (1980). Water Air and Soil Pollution 13, 45-55, but contained modified concentrations of trace elements.
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Natural seawater, obtained by continuous pumping from Torbay, Devon. The seawater was filtered to 1 um before use and the complete medium filter sterilised using 0.2 um membrane filters.
- Culture medium different from test medium: No
Analyses of the laboratory seawater for background contaminants are described in a spearate Brixham Laboratory Report.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: yes
- Photoperiod: 14 h light/10 h dark
- Light intensity and quality: continuous illumination of 4000 Lux
- Salinity (for marine algae): 30.5 %o
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell concentrations: absorbance (optical density) measurements carried out to evaluate the effects of test substance on relative cell density after 4 days and at the end of the test. Electronic particle counts obtained after 2, 3, 4, 7 and 10 days to describe the pattern of growth of the cultures. - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 0.056 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: cell density by absorbance
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL 0.039-0.113 mg/l; probit slope 3.77
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 0.043 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: cell density by particle count
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL 0.027-0.093 mg/l; probit slope 2.41
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 0.032 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL 0.020-0.058 mg/l; probit slope 2.53
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.012 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: growth rate and cell density
- Details on results:
- The test substance affected growth during the early stages of the test but the affected cultures ultimately attained cell densities similar to the controls. After 4 days, cell density, as estimated by absorbance, was significantly lower (p=0.01) than in the solvent control at nominal concentrations of 56 ug/l and 100 ug/l (highest tested concentration), at which the reductions compared with the solvent control were 18 and 74% respectively. After 10 days, there were no significant differences between the test substance treatments and the solvent control. Growth rates during the first 2 days were significantly lower (p=0.01) than in the solvent control at nominal concentrations of 32 ug/l and above, but remained lower only for the 100 ug/l treatment during the day 2-3 interval. Growth rates after day 3 were at least as great as in the solvent control for all treatments. See table under "any other information on results section" below.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The absorbances determined for the control and solvent control on days 4 and 10 were compared using Student's t-test procedures to investigate the possibility of pooling the data for comparisons with the test substance treatments. The absorbances determined on days 4 and 10 were analysed by one-way analysis of variance and Dunnett's procedure was used to compare the test substance treatments with the solvent control. The EC50 and 95% confidence limits were calculated by probit analysis
Any other information on results incl. tables
Mean treatment absorbances and growth rates as a percentage of the corresponding solvent control
Nominal concentration (ug/l) |
Measured concentration (ug/l). Day 0. |
% Solvent control |
|||
Absorbance |
Growth rate |
||||
Day 4 |
Day 10 |
Days 0-2 |
Days 2-3 |
||
Control |
- |
104 |
115 |
107 |
99 |
5.6 |
4.5 |
100 |
104 |
101 |
101 |
10 |
6.7 |
104 |
104 |
95 |
102 |
18 |
12.1 |
101 |
107 |
88 |
105 |
32 |
19.6 |
90 |
108 |
56* |
96 |
56 |
43.1 |
82* |
111 |
53* |
97 |
100 |
69.8 |
26* |
102 |
13* |
70* |
* p = 0.01
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- In a well reported study, the 96h EC50 for cell density for Chlorowax 500C to the marine alga, Skeletonema costatum, was 0.056 and 0.043 mg/l when measured by absorbance and particle count respectively. The 48h EC50 for growth rate was 0.032 mg/l and a 96h NOEC of 0.012 mg/l was obtained.
- Executive summary:
In a well reported study, the toxicity of Chlorowax 500C (a C10 -12 chlorinated paraffin; 58% chlorination) to the marine alga, Skeletonema costatum was investigated. Triplicate samples of the 5-day old culture were exposed to nominal concentrations of 0, 5.6, 10, 18, 32, 56 or 100 ug/L (mean measured concentrations of 0, 4.5, 6.7, 12.1, 19.6, 43.1 or 69.8 ug/L) for up to 10 days. Six replicate control and three replicate solvent control cultures were also used. The effects on cell density were assessed by measuring the absorbance and particle count, and the effects on growth rate were also examined.
The test substance affected growth during the early stages of the test but the affected cultures ultimately attained cell densities similar to the controls. After 4 days, cell density, as estimated by absorbance, was significantly lower (p=0.01) than in the solvent control at nominal concentrations of 56 ug/L and 100 ug/L (the highest tested concentration), at which the reductions compared with the solvent control were 18 and 74%, respectively. After 10 days, there were no significant differences between the test substance treatments and the solvent control. Growth rates during the first 2 days were significantly lower (p=0.01) than in the solvent control at nominal concentrations of 32 ug/l and above, but remained lower only for the 100 ug/l treatment during the day 2-3 interval. Growth rates after day 3 were at least as great as in the solvent control for all treatments. The 96h EC50s for cell density, based on measured concentrations, were 0.056 and 0.043 mg/L when measured by absorbance and particle count, respectively. The 48 h EC50 for growth rate was 0.032 mg/L and a 96 h NOEC of 0.012 mg/L was obtained.
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