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EC number: 200-143-0 | CAS number: 52-51-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 09 NOEVMBER 2005 to 18 NOVEMBER 2005
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)
- Version / remarks:
- US EPA OPPTS 850.1075
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Test medium samples were collected from alternating replicate test chambers in each treatment and control group at 0, 48 and 96 hours. The samples were collected from mid-depth in each chamber and processed immediately for analysis.
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Remarks:
- DMF 0.1 mL/L in the solvent control and all Bronopol treatment groups
- Details on test solutions:
- One stock solution was prepared for each of the 5 concentrations tested. A primary stock solution was prepared in DMF at a nominal concentration of 600 mg/mL. Aliquots of the primary stock solution were proportionally diluted with DMF to prepare the additional stock solutions at concentrations of 330, 180, 100 and 55 mg/mL. The five stock solutions were mixed by inversion and appeared clear and yellow.
The stock solutions were injected (12.5 μL/min) into the diluter mixing chamber where they were mixed with well water at a rate of 125 mL/min to achieve the desired test concentrations. The test solutions appeared clear and colorless in the test chambers during the test. - Test organisms (species):
- Lepomis macrochirus
- Details on test organisms:
- Species/strain: Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus)
Source: Northeastern Aquatics, Rhinebeck, New York, USA
Wild caught: No
Age/size: Age not specified in the report;
Average length at test start: 3.0 cm (range: 2.8-3.1 cm, n=10);
Average wet weight at test start: 0.34 g (range: 0.24-0.41 g, n=10)
Diet: Commercially-prepared diet (Zeigler Brothers, Inc., Gardners, Pennsylvania)
Amount of food: Not specified in the report
Feeding frequency: Daily until 2 days prior to the start of the test.
Pretreatment: 2-weeks acclimation period to the test water and temperature;
there were no mortalities and fish showed no signs of desease or
stress.
Feeding of animals during test: No - Test type:
- flow-through
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Hardness:
- 136 mg/L as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 21.5 – 22.0°C
- pH:
- 8.0 – 8.3
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 7.9 – 8.6 mg/L (≥91% of saturation at 22°C)
- Salinity:
- no data available
- Conductivity:
- 310 μmhos/cm
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- blank control, solvent control, 5.5, 10, 18, 33 and 60 mg/L
Besides Bronopol, a secondary component (resulting from either alkaline rearrangement or degradation) was found in the test medium of all treatment groups. Amounts of Bronopol analysed at 0 and 96 hours were between 34 and 48% and 23 and 55% of nominal, respectively, whilst the sum of Bronopol and the secondary component amounted to 98 to 103% of nominal at any sampling.
see Table 1 in "any other information on materials and methods incl. tables" - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 25-L Teflon-lined stainless steel aquaria filled with approximately 15 L of test water (equivalent to a depth of 18 cm)
- Aeration: The well water in the storage tank was aerated.
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter):
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): Approximately 6 volume additions every 24 hours
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 2
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): 2
- Biomass loading rate: 1.5 L/fish; instantaneous loading: 0.22 g fish/L
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Freshwater from a well approximately 40 m deep located on the test site. The well water was passed through a sand filter to remove particles >25 μm, and pumped in a 37800-L storage tank where the water was aerated. Prior to use, the water was filtered to 0.45 μm.
- Alkalinity: 180 mg/L as CaCO3
- Ca/mg ratio:
- Culture medium different from test medium:
- Intervals of water quality measurement:
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 16 h of fluorescent light and 8 h of darkness with 0.5h transition period.
- Light intensity: 163 lux at the start of the test
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations:
- Justification for using less concentrations than requested by guideline:
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations:
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 11 mg/L
- 95% CI:
- 9.3 - 13
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- LC 50 based solely on mean measured bronopol concentration
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Details on results:
- please see section "Any other information on results incl. tables"
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- LC50 values and the 95% confidence limits were calculated using Probit analysis. LC0 and LC100 were taken directly from the toxicity data.
- Sublethal observations / clinical signs:
Table 2: Mortality data
Bronopol
concentration
(nominal / mean measured&)[mg/L]
Mortality (replicate A/B)
Number
24 h 48 h 72 h 96 h
Percentage
24 h 48 h 72 h 96 h
Control
0 (0/0)
0 (0/0)
0 (0/0)
0 (0/0)
0 (0/0)
0 (0/0)
0 (0/0)
0 (0/0)
Vehicle control
0 (0/0)
0 (0/0)
0 (0/0)
0 (0/0)
0 (0/0)
0 (0/0)
0 (0/0)
0 (0/0)
5.5 / 1.5
0 (0/0)
0 (0/0)
0 (0/0)
0 (0/0)
0 (0/0)
0 (0/0)
0 (0/0)
0 (0/0)
10 / 2.9
0 (0/0)
0 (0/0)
0 (0/0)
0 (0/0)
0 (0/0)
0 (0/0)
0 (0/0)
0 (0/0)
18 / 7.0
1 (1/0)
1 (1/0)
1 (1/0)
1 (1/0)
5 (10/0)
5 (10/0)
5 (10/0)
5 (10/0)
33 / 15
12 (7/5)
15 (8/7)
17 (10/7)
17 (10/7)
60 (70/50)
75 (80/70)
85 (100/70)
85 (100/70)
60 / 31
20 (10/10)
--
--
--
100 (100/100)
--
--
--
& arithmetic mean of the measured concentrations of parent Bronopol in the test medium samples collected at 0, 48 and 96 hours
Table 3: Effect data based on mean measured bronopol concentrations
24 h [mg/L]
95 % c.l.
48 h [mg/L]
95 % c.l.
72 h [mg/L]
95 % c.l.
96 h [mg/L]
95 % c.l.
LC0
2.9
n.a.
2.9
n.a.
2.9
n.a.
2.9
n.a.
LC50
13
11 – 16
12
10 – 14
11
9.3 – 13
11
9.3 - 13
LC100
31
n.a.
31
n.a.
31
n.a.
31
n.a.
n.a. not applicable
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The test item showed acute toxicity to bluegill with a LC 50 of 11.0 mg/L
Reference
Description of key information
Acutely harmful to aquatic organisms.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water fish
Fresh water fish
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect concentration:
- 11 mg/L
Additional information
The acute toxicity of Bronopol to bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) was tested in a flow-through test system according to OECD TG 203 [Wildlife International, Ltd., Easton, MD, USA], 2006. The LC50 was 11.0 mg/L based on mean measured concentrations in a flow-through system. Several other supporting data are also available:
US EPA Guideline OPP 72 -1 [The Boots Company 1984 (a)]. After 96 hours, the LC50 was determined to be 35.7 mg/L (measured), whereas symptoms of toxicity occurred at a concentration of 20 mg/L (measured).
Two more supporting studies conducted under equal testing conditions as the key study show similar results [The Boots Company (b) and (c)]. The LC50 for Salmo gairdneri was determined to be 41.2 mg/L (measured) after 96 h and the LC50 for the seawater species Cyprinodon variegatus was determined to be 57.6 mg/L (measured) after 96 h, respectively.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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