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EC number: 220-977-9 | CAS number: 2956-12-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://chesar.echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Repeated dose toxicity: dermal
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- short-term repeated dose toxicity: dermal
- Type of information:
- other: published data
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Justification for type of information:
- Dithiocarbamates are related compounds to xanthates and xanthate esters. This is organosulfur compound is obtained by treating carbon disulfide with amine in the presence of sodium or potassium hydroxide: They arise from the reaction of the amine with CS2
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 989
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 410 (Repeated Dose Dermal Toxicity: 21/28-Day Study)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Data about the area covered by the test material and occlusion are not reported.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Ziram
- EC Number:
- 205-288-3
- EC Name:
- Ziram
- Cas Number:
- 137-30-4
- IUPAC Name:
- zinc bis(dimethyldithiocarbamate)
- Test material form:
- solid: compact
- Details on test material:
- Dithiocarbamates are related compounds to xanthates and xanthate esters. This is organosulfur compound is obtained by treating carbon disulfide with amine in the presence of sodium or potassium hydroxide: They arise from the reaction of the amine with CS2
- Name of test material (as cited in study report): Ziram
-IUPAC Name zinc bis dimethyldithiocarbamate
- Lot/Batch number: 8331 AA
- Description: Creamy white powder
- Purity: 98.5%
- Stability: Stable
-Molecular formula:C6H12N2S4Zn
-Molecular weight range :305.8419
-SMILES notation :CN(C)C(=S)S[Zn]SC(=S)N(C)
-InChI=1/2C3H7NS2.Zn/c2*1-4(2)3(5)6;/h2*1-2H3,(H,5,6);/q;;+2/p-2/rC6H12N2S4Zn/c1-7(2)5(9)11-13-12-6(10)8(3)4/h1-4H3
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Interfauna U.K. Ltd., Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire, England
- Age at study initiation: 10-12 weeks on arrival
- Weight at study initiation: fehlt noch
- five male and five female New Zealand white rabbits, weighing 2.2-2.6 kg
Administration / exposure
- Type of coverage:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- water
- Details on exposure:
- TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: no data
REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): with water
- Time after start of exposure: 6 h
TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 100, 300, 1000 mg/kg bw/day
- For solids, paste formed: Yes. Powder was moistened with water - Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- yes
- Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- purity of ziram was analysed
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 21 days
- Frequency of treatment:
- daily
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
100, 300, 1000 mg/kg bw/day
Basis:
nominal per unit body weight
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5
- Control animals:
- yes
- Details on study design:
- Ziram (purity 98.5%) was applied to the intact skin of groups of five male and five female New Zealand white rabbits, weighing 2.2-2.6 kg, daily for 21 consecutive days at doses of 0, 100, 300, or 1000 mg/kg bw per day. The test substance was moistened with distilled water and maintained on the backs of the rabbits for 6 h each day, after which the dressings were removed and the treated skin washed with tap-water at 30-40°C and gently blotted dry. No dermal reaction to the treatment was observed at any dose. Significant losses in body weight or low body-weight gain and reduced food consumption were recorded for female rabbits receiving 1000 mg/kg bw. The number of lymphocytes was reduced in both males and females at 1000 mg/kg bw, and alanine and aspartate transaminase activities were increased at 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw. At the highest dose, significantly increased levels of bilirubin were found in females and of cholesterol in animals of each sex. The NOAEL was 300 mg/kg bw per day, on the basis of decreased body weight, body-weight gain, food consumption, and number of lymphocytes and increased bilirubin and cholesterol levels at 1000 mg/kg bw per day.
- Positive control:
- no
Examinations
- Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
- CLINICAL SIGNS
- Time schedule: once daily
MORTALITY
- Time schedule: once daily
DERMAL IRRITATION
- Time schedule for examinations: Prior to the first application and subsequent daily (erythema and eschar / oedema formation) .
BODY WEIGHT
- Time schedule for examinations: Prior to dosing and then once weekly.
FOOD CONSUMPTION
- Time schedule for examinations: Once weekly.
HAEMATOLOGY
- Time schedule for collection of blood: For all animals at Day 20. For specified animals procedure was repeated on Day 22.
- Animals fasted: Yes
- Parameters: haematocrit, erythrocyte count, haemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, platelet count, total leukocyte count, differential leukocyte count, cell morphology, thrombotest
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
- Time schedule for collection of blood: For all animals at Day 20. For specified animals procedure was repeated on Day 22.
- Animals fasted: Yes
- Parameters: glucose, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, total bilirubin, total cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase (GPT), aspartate aminotransferase (GOT), alkaline phosphatase, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, chloride, albumin, total protein, albumin/globulin ratio - Sacrifice and pathology:
- ORGAN WEIGHTS
From all animals sacrificed at termination.
- Organs: adrenals, liver, kidneys, testes with epididymides/ovaries
GROSS AND HISTOPATHOLOGY
All animals were sacrificed at study termination and a gross pathological examination was performed.
- Histopathology: from all animals of the control and highest dose group
- Organs: abnormal tissue, skin (treated and untreated), kidneys, liver - Statistics:
- All analyses were carried out separately for male and female.
The following tests were used for food and water consumption, bodyweight, relative organ weight and clinical pathology data:
- If the data consisted predominantly of one particular value (relative frequency of the mode exceeds 75%), the proportion of animals with values different from the mode was analysed by appropriate methods. Otherwise:
- Bartlett’s test was applied to test for heterogeneity of variance between treatments. Where significant (at the 1% level) heterogeneity was found, a logarithmic transformation was tried to see if a more stable variance structure could be obtained.
- If no significant heterogeneity was detected (or if a satisfactory transformation was found), a one-way analysis of variance was carried out. If significant heterogeneity of variance was present, and could not be removed by a transformation, the Kruskal-Wallis analysis of ranks was used.
- Analyses of variance were followed by a Student’s ‘t’ test and Williams’ test for a dose-related response, although only the one thought most appropriate for the response pattern observed has been reported. The Kruskal-Wallis analyses were followed by the non-parametric equivalents of the ‘t’ test and Williams’ test (Shirleys’ test).
Where appropriate for organ weight data, analysis of covariance was used in place of analysis of variance.
Results and discussion
Results of examinations
- Clinical signs:
- no effects observed
- Dermal irritation:
- no effects observed
- Mortality:
- no mortality observed
- Body weight and weight changes:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Food efficiency:
- not examined
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- no effects observed
- Ophthalmological findings:
- not examined
- Haematological findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Urinalysis findings:
- not examined
- Behaviour (functional findings):
- not examined
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- no effects observed
- Gross pathological findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- no effects observed
- Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
- not examined
- Details on results:
- BODY WEIGHT AND WEIGHT GAIN
Bodyweight losses or reduced bodyweight gain was observed in females dosed at 1000 mg/kg bw/day.
FOOD CONSUMPTION
Reduction was measured for females dosed at 1000 mg/kg bw/day in week 1. Food consumption was also reduced in the following weeks but did not achieve statistical significance.
HAEMATOLOGY
Significant lower lymphocyte counts for females dosed at 1000 mg/kg bw/day.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
Liver enzymes GOT and GPT were increased in females dosed at 1000 mg/kg bw/day and in case of GOT also at 300 mg/kg bw/day.
Increased levels of bilirubin amongst females and cholesterol amongst both sexes dosed at 1000 mg/kg bw/day were also observed.
GROSS PATHOLOGY
Increased incidence of irregular cortical scarring of the kidney in all groups was not considered to be treatment-related.
Effect levels
open allclose all
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Effect level:
- 300 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: The NOAEL was 300 mg/kg bw per day, on the basis of decreased body weight, body-weight gain, food consumption, and number of lymphocytes and increased bilirubin and cholesterol levels at 1000 mg/kg bw per day.
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Effect level:
- 200.45 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- S-allyl O-pentyl dithiocarbonate.
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: see 'Remark'
Target system / organ toxicity
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
Any other information on results incl. tables
On a molecular weight scaled basis, the NOAELwould be 200.45 mg/kg bw(300x 204.35) /305.84 = 200.45mg/kg bw .
The NOAEL was 200.45 mg/kg bw per day, on the basis of decreased body weight, body-weight gain, food consumption, and number of lymphocytes and increased bilirubin
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- On a molecular weight scaled basis, the NOAELwould be 200.45 mg/kg bw(300x 204.35) /305.84 = 200.45mg/kg bw
The NOAEL was 200.45 mg/kg bw per day, on the basis of decreased body weight, body-weight gain, food consumption, and number of lymphocytes and increased bilirubin
Dithiocarbamates are related compounds to xanthates and xanthate esters. This is organosulfur compound is obtained by treating carbon disulfide with amine in the presence of sodium or potassium hydroxide: They arise from the reaction of the amine with CS2 - Executive summary:
Ziram (purity 98.5%) was applied to the intact skin of groups of five male and five female New Zealand white rabbits, weighing 2.2-2.6 kg, daily for 21 consecutive days at doses of 0, 100, 300, or 1000 mg/kg bw per day. The test substance was moistened with distilled water and maintained on the backs of the rabbits for 6 h each day, after which the dressings were removed and the treated skin washed with tap-water at 30-40°C and gently blotted dry. No dermal reaction to the treatment was observed at any dose. Significant losses in body weight or low body-weight gain and reduced food consumption were recorded for female rabbits receiving 1000 mg/kg bw. The number of lymphocytes was reduced in both males and females at 1000 mg/kg bw, and alanine and aspartate transaminase activities were increased at 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw. At the highest dose, significantly increased levels of bilirubin were found in females and of cholesterol in animals of each sex. The NOAEL was 300 mg/kg bw per day, on the basis of decreased body weight, body-weight gain, food consumption, and number of lymphocytes and increased bilirubin and cholesterol levels at 1000 mg/kg bw per day.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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