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EC number: 200-871-9 | CAS number: 75-45-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
Chlorodifluoromethane (R-22) in the commercial available grade was found to reproducably respond positive in the Salmonella typhimuriumreverse mutation assay (Ames' test) modifid for gaseous substances. This positive response was shown to be dependent neither on the presence of rat post-mitochondrial supernatant in the incubation medium nor in the presence of known mutagenic gases contaminating the commercial grade substance.
Chlorodifluoromethane was retested in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100 in atmospheres containing up to 40%. A 48 hour exposure period was used. The compound is mutagenic in strain 1535 in both the activated and non-activated assay. In the activated assay this activity corresponds to an 11 -fold increase in the spontaneuos mutation frequency.
In a test equivalent or similar to OECD Guideline 473 methane, chlorodifluoro— was tested for mutagenic activity in the Chinese hamster Ovary Cell Assay with and without an activation system. The test sample did not exhibit mutagenic activity.
In an in-vivo test for
clastogenicity the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes did not increase in any of the treatment groups.So it was considered that Arcton 22 was not clastogenic in mice under test conditions.
Short description of key information:
In Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assays (Ames' test) chlorodifluoromethane was tested with concentrations of 0%, 15% (150,000 ppm) , 25% (250,000 ppm), 40% (400,000 ppm) for 24 h in glass gas chambers.
In the Chinese hamster Ovary Cell Assay the substance was tested at 0%, 33% (330,000 ppm), 67% (670,000 ppm), 100% (1,000,000 ppm) in plastic chambers for 18-19 h (without activation) and for 5 h (with activation).
In an in-vivo test for
clastogenicity mice were exposed to vapor concentrations of 0 (5 mice/sex), 50,000 (5 mice/sex) or 150,000 ppm (15 mice/sex) for 6 hours in a dynamic air-flow chamber.
Endpoint Conclusion: No adverse effect observed (negative)
Justification for classification or non-classification
In assays performed under carefully controlled gaseous exposures Chlorodifluoromethane is mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium strains TA1535 and TA100 in the presence and in the absence of an exogenous metabolic system. In tests with non-bacterial cells such as mutation induction at the HGPRT locus of Chinese hamster cells mutagenicity has not been demonstrated.
Using the mouse bone marrow micronucleus protocol together with concurrent positive (vinyl chloride) and negative (nitrogen) inhalation controls no evidence of clastogenicity was found.
Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 1538 and TA 98
did not show any activity. Takingall of this data into account, there is strong support for the conclusion that this activity appears to be the result of a bacterial specific metabolism. The in vivo cytogenetic and dominant lethal studies in the rat and mouse provide no evidence
of consistent or dose-related genotoxic activity. Taken with the negative result of the
inhalation micronucleus test, the findings indicate that chlorodifluoromethane does not
possess genotoxic activity in vivo.
The available experimental results on chlorodifluoromethane are conclusive but are not sufficient for a classification as genotoxic.
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