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EC number: 231-157-5 | CAS number: 7440-47-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Acute Toxicity: oral
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: oral
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- From 25 August 1988 to 8 September 1988
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- Read-across to chromium(III) oxide. The surface of chromium metal is always covered by chromium(III) oxide and therefore the results obtained with this substance can readily be used in the assessment of chromium. Acceptable, quite well-documented study report. Test comparable to guideline study (OECD 420) with some restrictions.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 988
- Report date:
- 1988
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: EU: 84/449/EWG
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 420 (Acute Oral Toxicity - Fixed Dose Method)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- (one (high) dose level used, both female and male rats used)
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- One dose of test substance given to animals intragastrically in a volume of 10/20 (both values mentioned in protocol, unclear which is the correct one) ml/kg bodyweight. The animals were observed for clinical symptoms during 14 days, after which they were sacrificed.
The test method is comparable to OECD 420 guideline with some restrictions. - GLP compliance:
- yes
- Test type:
- other:
- Limit test:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Chromium(III) oxide
- IUPAC Name:
- Chromium(III) oxide
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Wistar
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Wistar Rats (Strain Bor: WISW (SPF Opb) from Winckelmann, Borchen, Germany
- Age at study initiation: males: 9 weeks old, females: 14 weeks old
- Weight at study initiation: males 175 g, females 172 g
- Fasting period before study:
- Housing: Macrolon cages type III, wood granules from Firma Ssniff, Soest/Westfahlen, germany
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): Standar diet AltrominR1324 (Altromin GmbH, Lage, Germany) ad libitum
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): yes, ad libitum
- Acclimation period: minumum 5 days
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 22±2 degrees Celsius
- Humidity (%): 50±10% relative humidity
- Air changes (per hr): ca 10 times per hour
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 hrs dark / 12 hrs light
IN-LIFE DATES: 14 days after administration
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- water
- Details on oral exposure:
VEHICLE
- Concentration in vehicle: 5000 mg/kg bodyweight females,. application volume 10 ml/kg or 20 ml/kg (both volumes mentioned in report, unclear which is the correct one), i.e. concentration in vehicle 500 mg/ml or 250 mg/ml
- Amount of vehicle (if gavage): application volume 10 ml/kg or 20 ml/kg (both volumes mentioned in report, unclear which is the correct one
- Justification for choice of vehicle: no data
- Lot/batch no. (if required): no data
- Purity: no data
MAXIMUM DOSE VOLUME APPLIED: 5000 mg/kg bodyweight females,. application volume 10 ml/kg or 20 ml/kg (both volumes mentioned in report, unclear which is the correct one), i.e. concentration in vehicle 500 mg/ml or 250 mg/ml
CLASS METHOD (if applicable)
- Rationale for the selection of the starting dose:- Doses:
- 5000 mg/kg bw
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5
- Control animals:
- no
- Details on study design:
- Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days
- Frequency of observations and weighing: At the first day the animals were inspected numerous times, and after that twice per day (once at weekends and holidays).
- Necropsy of survivors performed: yes
- Other examinations performed: clinical signs of toxicty, body weight, pathology-anatomy findings- Statistics:
- LD50 calculated based on the method described by Rosiello et al (J. Tox. Environ. Health, 3, 797, 1977), modified by Pauluhn (Bayer AG, Bericht Nr. 11835, 1983). The calculations were based on the Maximum-likelihood-method by Bliss (J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 11, 192, 1938).
Results and discussion
Effect levels
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- approximate LD50
- Effect level:
- > 5 000 mg/kg bw
- Mortality:
- None of the rats died during the 14 days observation period.
- Clinical signs:
- other: Salivation increased among all animals 15 minutes after administration of the test substance, and lasted about 8 hours. The furs of one male and one female rat were ruffled during 8 hours after the gavage.
- Gross pathology:
- No findings.
- Other findings:
- No effects were observed during the pathological anatomical examination.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- practically nontoxic
- Remarks:
- Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: OECD GHS
- Conclusions:
- No deaths were observed after administration of 5000 mg/kg of the test compound, indicating a LD50 > 5000 mg/kg for chromium(III) oxide (corresponding to >3400 mg/kg Cr(III)).
- Executive summary:
Five male (9 weeks old, starting weight 175 g) and five female (14 weeks old, starting weight 172 g) Wistar rats were given oral doses (intragastric) of 5000 mg/kg of chromium(III) oxide. None of the rats died during the 14 days observation period. The rats were killed at day 14. No effects were observed during the pathological anatomical examination, indicating an LD50-value higher than 5000 mg/kg for chromium(III) oxide; corresponding to 3400 mg Cr(III)/kg bw.
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