Registration Dossier
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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 231-722-6 | CAS number: 7704-34-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
Quantitative data on the toxicokinetics of elemental sulfur via the oral, dermal and inhalation route (in humans and animals) are not available.
However, qualitative data on the oral route of administration indicate that elemental sulfur is probably converted first to hydrogen sulfide, by colonic bacteria, and subsequently absorbed (in humans and non-ruminant animals). Other sulfur-containing ions may be formed as well.
In ruminant animals, sulfur is rapidly reduced in the rumen to sulfite and hydrogen sulfide, with some of the hydrogen sulfide being oxidised to sulfate. Some of the hydrogen sulfide is incorporated into microbial protein before being absorbed in the form of essential amino-acids methionine and cysteine.
Sulfur penetrates the skin and is detectable in the epidermis within two hours and throughout skin within eight hours after application. However, 24 hours after application there are no detectable levels of sulfur remaining in the skin.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Bioaccumulation potential:
- low bioaccumulation potential
Additional information
No quantitative data are available on the toxicokinetics of elemental sulfur via the oral, dermal and inhalation route, neither in animals nor in humans. According to the American Hospital Formulary Service (2003), sulfur penetrates the skin and is detectable in the epidermis within two hours and throughout skin within eight hours after application. However, 24 hours after application there are no detectable levels of sulfur remaining in the skin. Regarding the oral route, sulfur is probably converted first to hydrogen sulfide, by colonic bacteria, and subsequently absorbed (in humans and non-ruminant animals).
Sulfur is an essential element in the metabolism of all living organisms. The average human body contains about 175 g of sulfur incorporated into sulfate, proteins, keratin and enzymes.
Elemental sulfur has been commonly used as a nutritional supplement in ruminant animals.
Data on the oral route of administration indicate that elemental sulfur is transformed into soluble forms of sulfur, first into hydrogen sulfide, probably by the intestinal microflora, and then into sulfate. This seems to be equally valid for animals (both ruminant and non-ruminant) and humans. Other sulfur-containing ions may be formed as well. These sulfur compounds may be absorbed from the gut and incorporated into endogenous sulfur-containing molecules.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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