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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 231-154-9 | CAS number: 7440-45-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://chesar.echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_ecotoxicological-information.png)
Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to other aquatic vertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study does not comply with the specific testing guideline but the documented results are sufficient to be accepted.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Toxicity of sixty-three metals and metalloids to hyalella azteca at two levels of water hardness
- Author:
- Borgmann, U., Couillard, Y., Doyle, P., Dixon, G.
- Year:
- 2 004
- Bibliographic source:
- Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Vol. 24, No. 3. pp. 641-652, 2005
Materials and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The toxicity of cerium metal was measured in one-week exposures using the freshwater amphipod Hyalella azteca in both Lake Ontario (Canada) and soft water (10% Lake Ontario). Cerium was added as an atomic absorption standard and LC50 values were measured at 48h.
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Cerium
- EC Number:
- 231-154-9
- EC Name:
- Cerium
- Cas Number:
- 7440-45-1
- Molecular formula:
- Ce
- IUPAC Name:
- cerium(3+)
Constituent 1
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on test solutions:
- Atomic absorption standard of cerium containing 1g metal/L and preserved in 2% HCl.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- other: Fresh water amphipod "Hyalella azteca" (Crustacea)
- Details on test organisms:
- Test with young Hyalella azteca, including feeding.
The initial age of the test animals was 1 to 11 days at the start of the test.
Feeding during test: a piece of 2,5x2,5cm cotton gauze and 2,5mg Tetra-Min (Ulrich Baensch, Melle, Germany) fish food flakes were added at the beginning to each incubator, followed by addition of 15 young Hyalella Test containers were not aerated during the test. An additional 2,5mg of food was provided midweek.
Required amount: 15 Hyalella
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Total exposure duration:
- 1 wk
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- Tap (Lake Ontario, Canada) water: hardness 124mg/L
Soft water composed of 90% Milli-Q (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA) deionized water and 10% tap (Lake Ontario, Canada) water: hardness 18mg/L - Test temperature:
- Incubator at 24-25°C
- pH:
- 7.37 - 8.46
- Details on test conditions:
- A one-week test with young Hyalella, including feeding. This 7-day test sis considered to be an acute test.
16:8 h light:dark photoperiod. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 1 wk
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 131 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- other: atomic absorption standard in 2% HCl
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: 88-197
- Duration:
- 1 wk
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 32 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- other: atomic absorption standard in 2% HCl
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: 14-70
- Duration:
- 1 wk
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 651 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- other: atomic absorption standard in 2% HCl
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: 521-813
- Details on results:
- LC50 = 131 µg/L in soft water nominal
LC50 = 32 µg/L in soft water measured
LC50 = 651 µg/L in tap water nominal
Any other information on results incl. tables
Ammonia does not appear to have contributed noticeably to toxicity.
The LC50s in tap water usually were either similar to (0.6-2.5-fold) those in soft water, or slightly higher (2.5-10-fold).
In this study, multiple tests were conducted, at only one or a few concentrations of cerium metal were included in each test. The data were then pooled and analyzed as if they had all been obtained from a single test. This provides an approximate guide to data reliability.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The toxicity of cerium metal to Hyalella was determined in one-week tests in both Lake Ontario (tap) and soft (10% tap) water. The LC50s for Hyalella correlate strongly with three-week LC50s and three-week EC 50S for reproduction in D. magna.
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